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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
ლოქმან არსლანი

გამოცემისთვის მოამზადა
უღურ ალთინთოფი

ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 20.02.2019/17

ISBN: 978-605-7519-40-5
2019-06-Y-0003-1584
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2019

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თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

winasityvaoba

adamiani sazogadoebis nawilia. erTian sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamianebi valdebulni arian icodnen individis uflebeba- movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT unda moqmedebdnen, raTa adamianTa Soris mSvidoba da bedniereba iqnas uzrunvelyofili. pasuxismgeblobis Segneba pirovnebam, upirveles yovlisa sakuTariT unda daiwyos. piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba visac gaaCnia, man ojaxisa da sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli pasuxismgeblobac icis da dakisrebul movaleobasac asrulebs.

„nuTu egona adamians, rom upasuxismgeblod iqneboda mitovebuli?“

qiameT suras 36-e aiaTi migviTiTebs, rom adamiani pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli arsebaa.

„mere im dRes, aucileblad mogekiTxebaT, rac geboZaT!“

Teqasuris suras me-8 aiaTi ki gviCvenebs, rom adamians, upirveles yovlisa goneba da sxva mravali wyaloba eboZa da amis sapasuxod, garkveuli valdebulebebi daekisra, romelic SeZlebidagvarad unda Seasrulos.

sazogadoebis simSvides, umTavresad gaurkvevloba arRvevs, yvelas gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba, raTa adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi momavali SeviqmnaT. cxadia, rom dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi mravali gaurkveveli sakiTxi arsebobs.

dReisaTvis msoflio sazogadoebis momavals mravali safrTxe emuqreba. esenia: SimSli, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, bunebrivi katastrofebi, socialuri uTanasworoba, araTanabari pirobebi, zneobrivi dacemuloba, sulieri simdable, materialuri midrekilebebi, urwmunoeba, boroteba, arasakmarisad jansaRi garemo, gaurkvevloba ganaTlebisa da samarTlianobis sferoSi, istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebebis ganadgureba da sxva. garda amisa, am yvelafers emateba adamianebs Soris dialogis. tolerantobisa da Semwynareblobis Semcireba, gansxvavebuli azris devna da terori.

yvela es sakiTxi ara konkretuli regionis an erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed mTeli msoflios mosaxleoba raRac formiT, gaurkvevlobaSia Cafluli. am sakiTxebis mosagvarevlad ki xalxebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis qmediTi miRwevebis Ziebaa saWiro.

sinamdvileSi, umTavresi aris is, rom Cvens xelT arsebul Rirebulebebs ver vamCnevT da Sesabamisad am RirebulebebiT ar vcxovrobT. gamomdinare aqedan, jer es Rirebulebebi unda aRmovaCinoT da yoveldRiurobaSi davnergoT. ueWvelia, rom CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba islamia, romelic ramdenime aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gzas unaTebs.

dRes, adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mizniT SemuSavebuli fsiqoTerapiis meTodebis qmediTunarianobisaTvis, ekologiuri problemebis, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis da sxva msgavsi gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg religiis mniSvneloba aSkaraa. islams gaaCnia saimiso SesaZlebloba, rom Tanamedrove gamowvevebs upasuxos. mas aqvs saimiso dinamika, raTa Tanamedrove msoflios axali formulirebebi SesTavazos.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni sarwmunoebis mier gadmocemuli brZanebebi da rCevebi, romlebic urTierTdaxmarebisa da tolerantobis principebis damkvidrebas uwyobs xels, yurad unda viRoT da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi kargad gaviazroT da cxovrebis Wiri da lxini erTad vzidoT. Cveni cxovrebis stili socialuri urTierTTanadgoma unda iyos da bednieri momavlisTvis yvelam erTad vibrZoloT.

Sesavali

adamianebis xasiaTebs Soris gansxvavebuloba, egoizmi, usazRvro survilebi da miswrafebebi qmnian saimiso mdgomareobas, rom adamianebma erTimeoris uflebebi daarRvion da es ase rom ar moxdes aucilebelia am yvelafers moraluri principebi aregulirebdes. garda amisa adamianebs Soris urTierTobis, erTianobis, Zmobis da harmoniis SenarCunebisTvis samarTlebriv debulebebTan erTad zneobrivi principebis arsebobacaa saWiro, rac sazogadoebriv cxovrebas misaRebs da iolad gasaZliss gaxdis. bunebrivia sazogadoebrivi da individualuri cxovrebisTvis zneobis roli ukiduresad maRalia.

Cveni sarwmunoeba islami pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi zneobrivi Rirebulebebis dacvas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs da yvela im valdebulebiTa da akrZalviT adamianisTvis maRali zneobis miniWebas isaxavs miznad. Suamavali brZanebda: “Tqvens Soris yvelaze sasargeblo adamiani isaa, vinc zneobrivad kargia”. buhari, menaqib 23)

es aris adamiani, romelic sityviTac da saqmiTac samarTliania. is siyvarulSi, sikeTesa da silamazeSi ejibreba sxvebs. ar dauSvebs borotebasa da mtrobas. swored aseTi pirovnebebisgan Semdgari sazogadoebis Seqmnaa upirvelesi mizani. xolo yvela is principi, romelic islamma saqmosnobisa da vaWrobis sferoSi daawesa islamis zogad principebSi Sedis da maTi Seswavla da aRsruleba yoveli CvenTaganis valdebulebaa.

I- saqmisa da vaWrobis mniSvneloba islamSi

islamis mixedviT RvTismsaxureba mxolod locvis SesrulebiT, marxviT, zeqaTiT da hajiT ar Semoifargleba. yvela is qmedeba Tu sityva, romlebic RmerTisTvis misaRebi da sasurvelia, farTo gagebiT RvTismsaxurebad iTvleba. am TvalsazrisiT, gzaze dagdebuli qvis gadagdeba an ormos amovseba, mZime tvirTis tarebisas sxvaze daxmareba, moxucebze da avadmyofebze xelis SeSveleba da sxva msgavsi qcevebi RvTismsaxurebaa da aseve RvTismsaxurebad iTvleba Semosavlis alali gzebiT mopoveba, vaWrobis islamis principebis mixedviT ganxorcieleba da sxva. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, islami cxovrebis yvela sferos RvTismsaxurebis arealad ganixilavs da masSi Sedis vaWrobis sferoc.

islamis mixedviT vaWroba miRebulad iTvleba da is Semosavlis erT-erTi alali gzaa. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom vaWroba alalia. (ix. sura bayara 275) muslimebs ufleba aqvT jumis locvis Sesrulebis Semdeg wavidnen da alali gzebiT sarCo moipovon. aiaTebis mixedviT am konteqstSi naxsenebia vaWrobac. bunebrivia vaWrobis ganxorcielebisas islamis valdebulebebis aRsruleba ar unda Seferxdes.

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! erTmaneTs Soris ukanonod ar miirTvaT Tqveni qoneba, mxolod vaWroba Tu iqneba urTierTTanxmobiT. da Tavi ar moiklaT. ueWvelad, allahi mowyalea Tqvendami! (sura nisa 29)

arsebobs varaudi, rom pirveli Suamavali da adamini adamic im droisaTvis arsebuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT eweoda marcvleulis moyvanis, cxobis, mzareulobis da msgavsi tipis saqmianobas.

aseve Suamavali idrisi TerZobas eweoda. abraami materiiT vaWrobda. ieso durgali iyo, eubs mosavali moyavda da a.S. Suamavali suleimani ki RmerTis daxmarebiT mzisa da qaris energias iyenebda da amasTanave jinebis Sroma gamoiyena, riTic saswaulebrivi nagebobebis ageba SeZlo. (ix. neml 40)

Suamavali muhammedic sanam Suamavlobis statuss miiRebda vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli da xSirad savaWro qaravans qveynis gareTac dahyveboda. iseve rogorc yvela sferoSi, vaWrobaSic samarTlinaobiT da sandoobiT gamoirCeoda, amitom mas “el-emin” anu sando Searqves. bunebrivia man Suamavlobis Semdegac ganagrZo es sandooba da vaWrobis sferoSic samarTliani standartebis damkvidreba uzrunvelyo. is mudmivad mouwodebda morwmuneebs, rom vaWrobaSi samarTliani da marTlebi yofiliyvnen. rodesac mas kiTxes, rom romeli iyo yvelaze kargi Semosavali, man upasuxa” xeliT naSromi da aseve patiosani vaWrobiT mopovebuli”. (ahmed ibn hanbeli, musned, 3, 466)

Suamavalma meqadan medinaSi iZulebiTi gadasvlis (hijra) Semdeg erT-erTi pirveli rac gaakeTa es iyo “medinas bazari”. yuradsaRebia, rom am bazris adgilad sasaflaosTan axlo teritoria SearCia, radgan surda diliT iq misul vaWars sikvdili gaxseneboda da Sesabamisad mTeli yuradReba amqveyniuri gamorCenis maqsimizaciaze ar gadaetana.

islami legitimur da alal vaWrobas xels uwyobda, amitom Suamavlis Tanamedroveni Cabmulni iyvnen rogorc savaWro saqmianobaSi, ise warmoebasa da xeliT SromaSi. abu beqiri, ‘usmani, zubeiri, abdurrahman ibn avfi da sxva msgavsi warCinebulo moRvaweebi paralelurad vaWrobas eweodnen. maTTvis miuRebeli iyo uSromlad da sarCos mopovebis gareSe rom daexarjaT da muqTa Semosavali eZebnaT. magaliTisTvis gavixsenoT aseTi SemTxveva: rodesac Suamavali Tavisi mxleblebiTurT meqadan medinaSi gadavida, abdurrahman ibn avfi medinel adgilobrivs, said ibn er-rebis dauZmobila, rac imas gulisxmobda, rom saids abdurrahmanisTvis qoneba unda gaeyo. saidi mdidari kaci iyo. man SesTavaza abdurrahmans naxevari qoneba da aseve uTxra rom daaqorwinebda. abdurrahmanma amaze uari ganacxada da saids sTxova misTvis adgilobrivi bazrisken misasvleli gza eCvenebina. is marTlac wavida bazarSi, daiwyo sakveb produqtebze vaWroba da sakuTar Semosavals TviTonve gamoimuSavebda.

xalifa omari xSirad bazars amowmebda xolme da rodesac xedavda, rom iq mxolod ucxoelebi vaWrobdnen amas ganicdida. Semdeg ki roca xalxs Sekrebda xSirad mouwodebda, rom Cabmuliyvnen savaWro saqmianobaSi. xalxSi iyo azri, rom maT vaWroba ar sWirdebodaT da amitomac ar iyvnen Cabmulni. amis Taobaze xalifa omarma uTxra maT: “Tu Tqven ase daSordebiT bazars mamakacebi ucxo mamakazebze gaxdebiT damokidebulni da Tqveni qalebi ucxo qalebze.”

garda amisa, vaWroba mxolod Semosavlis wyaro ar iyo. es iyo erT-erTi gza islamis gavrcelebisa da sxvadasxva teritoriebze misi miwvdenisa. cnobili faqtia, rom islami dedamiwis Soreul kuTxeebSi sworedac rom vaWrebis damsaxurebiT gavrcelda. islamis evropaSi gavrceleba espaneTidan daiwyo da esec vaWrebis damsaxureba iyo. aseve vaWrebis mxridan gaecno islams azia da afrikac.

amitom islami araTu qveynis Sida ise saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ganviTarebis momxrea, radgan is civilaciis da siaxleebis gavrcelebis erT-erTi saSualebaa da amasTanave is adamianebs Soris urTierTobebs da mtkice kavSirebs ayalibebs.

II- saqmmosnobaSi da vaWrobaSi momuSave muslims ra Tvisebebi unda gaaCndes?

a) biznesmeni

biznesmenis yvelaze mTavari religiuri da moraluri valdebulebaa Tavisi investiciebiT xeli Seuwyos qveynis ganviTarebas da siRaribis daZlevas. aseve mniSvnelovania socalur sferoSi gaweuli xarjebi da qvelmoqmedeba. islami mouwodebs adamianebs islamis mier dadgenili principebis Sesabamisad iSromon da gamdidrdnen, xolo dagrovili fuli isev saqmianobis ganviTarebisTvis daabandon da ar gayinon. ix. sura Tevbe 34-35)

islamis mixedviT yvela is materialuri da sulieri SesaZleblobebi, rasac adamiani flobs da ganagebs, RmerTis mier naboZebi wyalobaa.

aiaTebSi nabrZanebia:

“da gaiReT mowyaleba iqidan, rac Cven mogmadleT, vidreRa sikvdili geweodeT Tqvengan romelimes. maSin ase ityvis: RmerTo Cemo! gana ar SeiZleboda gadagevadebina CemTvis mcire xniT. amgvarad, mowyalebas gaviRebdi da viqnebodi saukeTesoTagani. (sura munafiyuni 10)

“da ra gemarTebaT Tqven, rom ar gaiRebT allahis gzaze? allahisaa memkvidreoba caTa da qveynis. Tanasworni ar arian Tqvengan, vinc gamarjvebamde gaiRo mowyaleba da ibrZoda. swored egeni arian aRmatebuli xarisxebiT imaTze, romelTac gaiRes imis Semdgom da ibrZoles. da yvelas sikeTe aRuTqva allahma, rameTu allahi uwyis rasac akeTebT!” (sura hadidi 10)

Tu adamianebi yvela am wyalobas RmerTis mier dadgenili principebis Sesabamisad gamoiyeneben, maT am wyalobis gamo madliereba gamoxatulad CaeTvlebaT. Sesabamisad yvela is qvelmoqmedeba, socialuri daxmarebis gaweva, axali investiciebis ganxorcieleba, rac umuSevarTa dasaqmebas uzrunvelyofs RmerTis gzaze daxarjulad iTvleba da sarwmunoebis mixedviT mosawoni saqmea.

yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom yvela is admaiani, romelic qvelmoqmedebas eweva dajildovdeba rogorc amqveyniuri sikeTiT, ise saiqioSic miiRebs umaRles jildos.

“ueWvelad, Cven vacocxlebT mkvdrebs da vwerT, rac waimZRoles da ra niSanic datoves maT. da yvelaferi Cven aRvricxeT cxad davTarSi. (sura iasin 12)

“hajoba cnobil TveebSia da vinc am dros aRasrulebs hajs, ar eTanacxovros (qals), ar ibilwos, ar iCxubos hajis dros; da rasac kargs iqmT, amas uwyis allahi: gaimzadeT sagzali, magram saukeTeso sagzali, ueWvelad, RvTismoSiSobaa. hei gonierno, geSinodeT Cemi! (sura bayara 197)

“da is, vinc iotisodena sikeTe mainc hqmna, ixilavs imas (jildos miiRebs)! (sura zilzali 7)

“vinc hqmna sikeTe, Tavis sasikeTodaa. xolo vinc hqmna avi, igi Tavis sazianodaa. mere ki Tqvens RmerTTan iqnebiT mibrunebulni! (sura jasie 15)

Suamavali brZanebda:

“muslimis mier darguli xis nayofi misTvis mowyalebaa”.

“muslimi adamiani rom xes dargavs an raimes dasTess, gankiTxvis dRemde nayofic da mosavalic misTvis mowyalebaa.”

gamomdinare aqedan yoveli muslimi biznesmenis valia Tavi Seikavos ampartavnebisa da fufunebisTvis xarjvisagan da Seecados fulis dabandebiT qveynis ekonomikuri aRdgenisaTvis izrunos da amasTanave gaswios qvelmoqmedeba. es Tviseba muslimi biznesmenisaTvis erT-erTi umTavresia.

b) damsaqmebeli

sazogadoebrivi cxovreba adamianebs garkveul uflebebs da movaleobebs aniWebs. sxvaTa uflebebis pativiscema da movaleobebis Sesruleba yvela adamianis religiuri da zneobrivi valdebulebaa. adamianis Sromisa da gaweuli amagis dafaseba ki islamis mier aRiarebuli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani valdebulebaa. RmerTi Sromasa da amags mniSvnelovan Rirebulebad ganixilavs da misTvis rogor amqveyniur, ise imqveyniur jildos awesebs.

“da rom arferia adamiani, garda iRvwoda rasac. (nejm 39)

“da is, vinc iotisodena sikeTe mainc hqmna, ixilavs imas (jildos miiRebs)!

da isic, vinc iotisodena avi hqmna, ixilavs imas (samagiero miezRveba)!” (zilzal 7-8)

“allahi ar akisrebs arc erT suls imaze mets, rac mas ZaluZs. misi iqneba ra sikeTesac moixveWs da mis winaaRmdeg, ra avic moixveWos. RmerTo Cveno! nu mogvkiTxav, Tuki dagvaviwyda an SevcdiT! RmerTo Cveno! ar gvatvirTo mZime tvirTi, rogorc imaT atvirTe, vinc Cven uwinares iyo!... RmerTo Cveno! ar dagvakisro is, risi Zalac ar Segvwevs da mogviteve Cven, Segvinde da Segviwyale! Sen xar mbrZanebeli Cveni da dagvexmare urwmuno xalxis winaSe!” (bayara 286)

aiaTebSi naTlad aris ganmartebuli, rom yvela namoqmedari aucileblad Sefasdeba. wm. hadisSi nabrZanebia, rom gankiTxvis dRes RmerTi maT winaaRmdeg iqneba, vinc adamianebs amuSavebs da miuxedavad imisa, rom samuSao kargad Seasrules, gasamrjelos srulad mainc ar gadauxdis. (ix. buhari, ijare, 10)

damsaqmeblis dasaqmebulTa winaSe ufleba movaleobebi SeiZleba Semdeg or jgufSi Camoyalibdes:

1. anazRaurebis droulad da srulad gadaxda

wesieri damsaqmebeli upirveles yovlisa dasaqmebulTa anazRaurebis adekvaturobas unda aqcevdes yuradRebas. gasamrjelo, an xelfasi dasaqmebulis ZiriTadi saWiroebebis SeZenas unda aklmayofilebdes. Tu SesaZlebelia Sesabamis saqmes Sesaferis gasamrjelo unda hqondes. iseT saqmes, romelsac codna da gansakuTrebuli niWi sWirdeba anazRaurebac Sesabamisi unda hqondes. gasamrjeloze SeTanxmeba Tavidanve unda moxdes, raTa SemdgomSi ukmayofileba Tavidan iqnas acilebuli. gasamrjelo srulad da droulad unda iqnas gadaxdili.

Suamavali brZanebda: “muSas fuli Sublze oflis gaSromamde gadauxadeT”. (ibn maje, ruhun, 4) am hadisiT naTelia Tu raoden mniSvneloba eniWeba mSromeli adamianis uflebas da maTTvis Sesabmis anazRaurebas.

arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom Tu damsaqmebeli dasaqmebuls droulad da kargad gadauxdis samqeebi win wava. gaCndeba urTierTpativiscema da Sromis motivacia.

2. damsaqmeblis mier dasaqmebulis uflebebis dacva

damsaqmebeli valdebulia dasaqmebulebs usafrTxo garemo Seuqmnas, raTa isini samuSaos Sesrulebisas fizikurad an fsiqologiurad ar dazaraldnen. aseve aucilebelia dasaqmebulebs RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis saSualeba hqondeT.

aseve dasaqmebulebis uflebebidan gamomdinare, maT ar unda daevaloT iseTi saqmis Sesruleba, rac maT Zalebs aRemateba. damsaqmebelma pativiscemiT unda moepyros yvela dasaqmebuls. (ix. ibn maje, edeb, 44)

garda amisa dasaqmebuli adamianebis dazRveviT uzrunvelyofac mniSvnelovani sakiTxia da misi ugulebelyofa miuRebelia.

g. muSis da sajaro moxelis xelSekrulebiT ayvana

islamis mixedviT damsaqmebelisa da dasaqmebulis urTierTobas safuZvlad unda edos urTierTsiyvaruli, urTierTpativiscema da Tanadgoma da ara konfliqti da paeqroba. amitom yoveli dasaqmebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze unda iqnas ayvanili. xelSekrulebis pirobebis unda Seesabamebodes kanons, religiur principebs da bunebrivia unda iyos zneobrivad misaRebi.

am zogadi ganmartebis Semdeg dasaqmebuli adamianebis damsaqmebelTa mimarT arsebul ufleba - movaleobze visaubrebT.

1. saqmis srulfasovnad Sesruleba

kerZo Tu saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli adamiani valdebulia dakisrebuli movaleoba Rirseulad Seasrulos, raTa mis mier aRebuli jamagiri alali iyos. bunebrivia yoveli dasaqmebuli samsaxurSi droulad unda gamocxaddes da Tavisi saqme srulfasovnad Seasrulos. dasaqmebuls aRebuli gasamrjelo saqmis srulfasovnad SesrulebisTvis eZleva.

dadgenilia, rom yuradRebiT da xarisxianad Sesrulebuli saqme dasaqmebuls profesiul winsvlaSi daexmareba da aseve gaizrdba warmoebul saqonelze motxovna, radgan is xarisxiani iqneba. Sesabamisad gaizrdeba damsaqmeblis Semosavalic, rac saboloo jamSi dasaqmebulTa keTildReobazec xelfasis matebis saxiT aisaxeba. Suamavali mouwodebda morwmuneebs, rom dakisrebuli movaleoba Rirseulad da SeZlebisdagvarad srulyofilad SeesrulebinaT.

2. pasuxismgebloba da movaleobis kargi codna

yoveli dasaqmebuli, muSa iqneba, sajaro moxele Tu sxva, valdebulia gaufrTxildes samuSao garemos da yvela im inventars, rasTanac kontaqti uwevs. maT xom Sesrulebul samuSaosTvis gasamrjelos uxdian, magram yvela is nivTi, rac damsaqmebels ekuTvnis dasaqmebulzea Cabarebuli da maTze yuradRebis miqceva aucilebelia. amis Sesaxeb Suamavalic brZanebda, rom yoveli dasaqmebuli damsaqmeblis qonebas unda gaufrTxildes. (ix. buhari, istiyraz, 20)

d. saerTo movaleoba da pasuxismgebloba

samuSao cxovrebaSi simSvidis, bednierebisa da produqtiulobis asamaRleblad samsaxurebriv urTierTobebSi aucilebelia orive mxarem, damsaqmebelmac da dasaqmebulmac gaviTvaliswinoT islamis mier dadgenili principebi. amisaTvis ki upirveles yovlisa saWiroa ZiriTadi prinipebis dacva. esenia: erTguleba, pasuxismgeblobis maRali grZnoba, samarTlianoba, sityvis da pirobis erTguleba da sxva. Diadi RmerTi sura maides pirvelive aiaTSi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb brZanebs:

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! SeasruleT aRTqmani...

aiaTSi naxsenebi “SeasruleT aRTqmani” gulisxmobs pirobis Sesrulebas da es brZaneba vrceldeba rogorc damsaqmeblebis, ise dasaqmebulTaTvis. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT raodenac dasaqmebuli valdebulia Seasrulos pirobebi, damsaqmebelic aseTive valdebulia Seasrulos SeTanxmebis pirobebi.

dasaqmebuli valdebulia dakisrebuli movaleoba droulad da kargad Seasrulos, xolo damsaqmebeli valdebulia dasaqmebuls Sepirebuli jamagiri droulad gadauxados. amasTanave gasamrjelo samarTliani unda iyos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, roca an dasaqmebuli ar Seasrulebs droulad saqmes, an damsaqmebeli ar gadauxdis droulad gasamrjelos orive mxare dros tyulad dakargavs, dazaraldebian rogorc finansurad ise sulierad da mxareebs Soris gaCndeba konfliqtis warmoSobis safuZveli.

mokled, samuSao cxovrebaSi mxareebi siyvarulis, pativiscemis, samarTlianobis da urTierTgagebis principebs unda iTvaliswinebdnen. damsaqmebeli, romelic dasaqmebulebs Cagravs, maT uflebebs arRvevs da samarTlianad ar iqceva, islamisTvis miuRebelia. aseve miuRebelia dasaqmebuli, romelic saqmes Rirseulad ar asrulebs da samuSao adgilze qmnis problemebs. islamisTvis misaRebia iseTi damsaqmebeli, romelic dasaqmebulebs samarTlianad moepyroba da gasamrjelos srulad da droulad gadauxdis. amasTanave, dasaqmebulic aRebul gasamrjelos unda imsaxurebdes da dakisrebul movaleobas Rirseulad asrulebdes.

gamomdinare aqedan, pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli muslimi pirovneba samuSao cxovrebaSi romel poziciazec ar unda iyos sxvaTa uflebebs icavs da movaleobebs Rirseulad asrulebs. vinc sxvas pativs scems is Tavad imsaxurebs pativiscemas.

e. mwarmoebeli

samuSao da savaWro cxovrebaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani principi aris is rom, mwarmoebeli unda ecdebodes awarmoos rac SeiZleba kargi da xarisxiani saqoneli. gamomdinare aqedan, adamianma Tavisi saqme saukeTesod unda Seasrulos da ar dauSvas araviTari TaRliToba. is mxolod ase daimsaxurebs im gasamrjelos, rasac uxdian. am dros yoveli adamiani unda fiqrobdes, rom mis namoqmedars Tu damsaqmebeli ver dainaxavs RmerTi mainc xedavs da yoveli misi qmedeba iwereba.

morwmune muslimi, romelic warmoebis sferoSia da saqonlis warmoebiT aris dakavebuli arasodes ikadrebs iseTi saqoneli awarmoos, rac sxvebs zians moutans. muslimi mwarmoebeli valdebulia awarmoos iseTi saqoneli, romelic xarisxiani da saukeTeso iqneba. dauSvebelia TaRliToba da momxmareblis motyueba. muslimma mwarmoebelma arafris didebiT ar unda dauSvas janmrTelobisTvis saziano an vadagadacilebuli saqonlis bazarze gatana. naklovani da uxarisxo saqoneli xarisxianad ar unda gasaRdes.

mSenebelic valdebulia saxlis saZirkveli gegmazomierad gaakeTos da iseTi nageboba aagos, rac SemdgomSi mosaxleobas safrTxes ar Seuqmnis. amasTanave, gayidvis drosac sindisierad unda moiqces.

garda amisa, eqimi avadmyofs, maswavlebeli moswavles, imami mrevls, advokati misi dacvis qveS myofs da a.S. patiosnad da pativiscemiT unda moepyros.

saqmis sworad da sindisierad gakeTeba yoveli adamianis religiuri da moraluri valdebulebaa.

v. vaWari

vaWroba Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. yvela eqimi da inJineri ver iqneba, magram vaWrobaSi monawileobis miReba yvelas uwevs. glexi Tavis mosavals yidis, xelovani raime qmnilebas, farmacevti wamals da a.S. amasTanave, yoveli adamiani iZulebulia raime SeiZinos da sul mcire ZiriTadi saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis yidva-gayidvaSi monawileoba miiRos. yvela am saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis procesSi vaWars didi wvlili Seaqvs.

gamomdinare aqedan islami, rogorc praqtikuli da cxovrebiseuli religia, adamianebs nebas rTavs TavianTi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT monawileoba miiRon vaWrobaSi, gaxdnen partniorebi Tu amis saWiroeba arsebobs da saerTod Caeban am procesSi, magram amasTanave islami adgens ZiriTad principebs, rac vaWrobis procesSi aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia. es uzrunvelyofs vaWrobis procesis sandoobas da usamarTlobisgan Tavis dacvas. yvela am principis gavaliswineba da maTi mixedviT qceva, zogadi mniSvnelobiT “RvTismsaxurebad” iTvleba.

iseTi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebisas, rogoricaa locva, marxva, haji da sxva, saWiroa mTeli rigi wesebis codna. aseve saWiroa SeviswavloT is principebi, romlebic vaWrobis process areguleben. xalifa omari ki mouwodebda adamianebs ar Sesuliyvnen bazarSi manam, sanam iq moqcevis wesebs ar Seiswavlidnen.

bazarSi moqcevis ZiriTadi wesebi ki Semdegia:

1. patiosneba. momxmareblisTvis simarTlis Tqma

yuranSi pirvelive aiaTebSia nabrZanebi: “dagvadgine sworsa gzasa”, rac imis mtkicebulebaa, rom Cvens sarwmunoebaSi simarTles da patiosan sityvas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. aseve sura hudis 112-e aiaTSi nabrZanebia:

“maS, mtkiced ideqi, rogorc gebrZana, da vinc moiqca SenTan erTad. da ar gadaxvideT zRvars. ueWvelad, igi xedavs, rasac sCadixarT!

da ar gadaixaroT imaTken, romelTac usamarTloba hqmnes, rom ar SegexoT cecxli. da ara gyavT Tqven megobari, allahis garda, mere aravin SegewevaT!”

Suamavalic mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT simarTlisa da patiosnebis ubadlo magaliTi iyo.

erTxel rodesac erTi kaci mivida SuamavalTan da sTxova erCia rame iseTi, ris Semdegac sxva rCeva aRar daWirdeboda Suamavalma uTxra: “iwame RmerTis da iyav alalmarTali”.

alalmarTloba imdenad mniSvnelovani principi da brZanebaa, rom is sazogadoebrivi da individualuri cxovrebis nebismier sferoSi aucileblobas warmoadgens. iseT sazogadoebaSi, sadac ufrosi xelqveiTs, xelqveiTi ufross, gamyidveli muStars, megobari megobars, meuRle meuRles da a.S. ar endoba da atyuebs cxovreba gausaZlisi gaxdeba. ekonomikuri da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis produqtiuloba da warmatebac alalmarTlobasa da patiosnebazea damokidebuli. awonvisas, gazomvisas motyueba, saqonlis naklis dafarva, saqonlis reluri fasis damalva da gadaWarbebulad zedmetis dafaseba, TaRliToba da tyuili muslimi adamianis qcevebs ar Seesabameba.

samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos, rom dRevandel periodSi, roca alalmarTali adamianebis ricvma katastrofulad iklo, islamis ZiriTadi miznebis: sicocxlis, qonebis, namusis da STamomavlobis usafrTxoebis dacva Zalian gaZnelda. niavdeba qoneba, savsea yalbi faqturebi da Cekebi, bazari miaqvs uxarisxo da patent produqcias da sxva.

amitom muslimma vaWarma unda icodes, rom ucodinar da mimndob momxmarebels uxarisxo da cudi produqcia ar unda SeasaRos. aseT dros aucilebelia momxmarebels vacodinoT saqonlis nakli da misi xarisxianoba. Suamavali brZanebda: “tyuilis mTqmeli Cveniani ar aris” es brZana, maSin, roca bazarSi seirnobisas naxa, rom adgilobrivi vaWari momxmareblebs saqonlis nakls umalavda da ar eubneboda. aseT SemTxvevaSi vaWris qceva da Sesabamisad Semosavalic alali ver iqneboda. Suamavali aseve brZanebda, rom patiosani adamianebi, romlebic sxvebs ar atyueben saiqioSi SuamavalTan, mis erTgulebTan da SahidebTan erTad iqnebiano.

mokled rom vTqvaT, muslimi vaWris sityvac da qcevac alamarTlobas unda efuZnebodes da TaRliToba unda gamoiricxos. gayidvisas aucilebelia momxmarebels uTxras saqonlis nakli da sxva Tvisebebi. misi produqcia iseTive unda iyos, rogoric sinamdvileSia. gamyidvelma unda icodes, rom Tu myidvels moatyuebs misi Semosavali alali ar iqneba. Suamavali amis Sesaxeb brZanebda:

“Tu adamianis guli ar iqneba marTali, arc misi rwmena iqneba marTali. Tu adamianis ena ar iqneba marTali arc guli iqneba marTali.” (ahmeb ibn hanbeli, musned, 3, 198)

2. sandooba

sandooba erT-erTi is faqtoria, romelic pirovnebas sxva adamianebis TvalSi aamaRlebs. sazogadoeba, sadac adamianebi erTimeores ar endobian, ver ganiTardeba da arc simSvide daisadgurebs.

sandooba yvela Suamavlis saerTo Tviseba iyo. yuranSi Suamavlebis am Tvisebaze xSiradaa saubari:

“ueWvelad, me TqvenTvis warmogzavnili sando Suamavali var.” (sura Su’era 107)

Cveni Suamavali ki sandoobis ubadlo magaliTi iyo. is micemul sityvas aucileblad asrulebda. is xumrobiTac ki arasodes ambobda tyuils. mas jer kidev Suamavlobis statusis gacxadebamde xalxSi “sando muhammeds” eZaxdnen.

gamomdinare aqedan, yvela muslimi, romlisTvisac Suamavali samagaliToa sando unda iyos. morwmune ewodeba adamians, romelsac swams RmerTis arsebobisa da misi erTaderTobisa. Tumca amasTanave morwmune niSnavs sando adamians. morwmune yoveli pirobisa da SeTanxmebis erTguli unda iyos. (ix. mu’minun 8)

mokled rom vTqvaT, sandooba morwmunisTvis aucilebeli principia, rogorc vaWrobis sferoSI, ise cxovrebis nebismier sferoSi.

3. tyuilze ar unda daificos

yoveldRiur urTierTobebSi, yidva-gayidvisas, erTimeoris darwmunebisas, Cveulebis gamo da sxva mizeziT RmerTis saxelis an misi romelime Tvisebis dasamowmeblad xseneba da daficeba naTqvami sityvis gasaZliereblad xdeba. tyuilze daficeba da am dros ficis moSveliebiT manipulireba kategoriulad miuRebelia.

yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom tyuilze daficeba RmerTis risxvis gamomwvev Tvisebebs Seicavs da amas ZiriTadad urwmunoebi da TvalTmaqci morwmuneebi akeTeben. amiT cans Tu raoden didi codva da saSiSi ramaa tyuilze daficeba.

aseve miuRebelia daficeba saqonlis gayidvisas, roca adamiani momxmareblis darwmunebis mizniT gasaqidi saqonlis Sesaxeb tyuilze ificebs. gamomdinare aqedan, Tu adamiani iZulebuli ar aris, saqonlis gayidvisas marTlaic rom iyos daficebisgan Tavi unda Seikavos. (ix. maide 89, bayara 224-225, ali imran 77 da sxva)

Suamavali brZanebda:

“saqonlis gayidvisas bevri ficisgan Tavi SeikaveT. daficeba saqonels mimzidvels gaxdis, magram SemdgomSi gaanadgurebs”

garda amisa tyuilze daficebisas mniSvneloba ar aqvs ubralo ramis gamo vificebT Tu didad Rirebulze.

warmoidgineT mogebis an gamorcenis mizniT tyuilze daficeba da amisaTvis RmerTis saxelis gamoyeneba rogori mkrexeloba iqneba.

yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“ueWvelad, vinc yidis allahTan dadebul aRTqmas da dadebul fics (arRvevs) mcire fasad, wili ar eqnebaT magaT saiqioSi, ar daelaparakeba maT allahi da ar Sexedavs maT gankiTxvis dRes, da ar ganwmends (codvebisgan). maTTvisaa (gamzadebuli) mtanjveli sasjeli!”(ali imran77)

Suamavali brZanebs, rom gankiTxvis dRes RmerTi aseT adamianebs wyalobis TvaliT ar gadmoxedavs da sasjels daudgens. garda amisa, hadisSi amgvari adamianebis aRwerilobac ki aris gadmocemuli:

“tanisamoss medidurad miwaze miaTreven, gakeTebul sikeTes daayvedrian, tyuilze ificeben da saqonlis Rirebulebaze gacilebiT Zvirad gayidvas cdiloben”. (muslim, iman 171)

4. saqonlis sakmarisze metad

Seqebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

saqonlis gasaRebis erT-erTi cnobili gza misi adamianebisaTvis gacnoba da reklamis gakeTebaa. Tumca saqonlis momxmareblebisaTvis gacnobisas zedmeti ar unda mogvivides da gasayid saqonels is Tvisebebi ar unda mivaweroT, rac sinamdvileSi ar gaaCnia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi momxmareblebs movatyuebT.

dReisaTvis reklama warmoebuli saqonlis momxmarebelze gacnobis aucilebels gzad da saSualebad iqca. reklamis dros Tu saqonlis realuri maxasiaTeblebia warmodgenili da ara ris tyuili gareuli, maSin reklamis gakeTebaSi islamis mixedviT raime problema ar arsebobs. magram, Tu reklamis gziT momxmarebeli SecdomaSi Sedis, ucodinarobis gamo tyuvdeba da tyulubralod ixibleba saqonliT, maSin aseTi reklama miuRebelia da is islamis alalmarTlobis principebs ewinaaRmdegeba.

gamomdinare aqedan, warmoebuli saqonlis momxmareblebze gacnobis mizniT gakeTebuli reklamisas zRvars ar unda gadavcdeT da isev da isev simarTles unda mivaniWoT upiratesoba. TvalTmaqcoba da TaRliToba kategoriulad miuRebelia.

5. zomaSi da wonaSi ar unda movityuoT

zomaSi da wonaSi motyueba didi codvaa da amgvari uzneo saqcieli sazogadoebriv cxovrebas safuZvlidanve aryevs. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom warsulSi “medien eiqes” xalxi imitom ganadgurda, rom isini zomasa da wonaSi ityuebodnen. yuranSi aris mowodeba muslimebisadmi, rom yidva- gayidvisas zomasa da wonaSI ar moityuon. (ix. sura hudi 84-95 da sxv.)

Suamavalic saubrobda zomasa da wonaSi motyuebis sakiTxebze da ambobda, rom es gaxda mizezi zogierTi xalxebis ganadgurebisa. (Tirmizi, buiu’, 9)

yidva-gayidvisas patiosnad moqceva, sworad gazomva da awonva yuranSi mravalgzisaa naxsenebi:

“da zecac, romelic aRmarTa. da ganaTavsa saswori, rom ar gadaxdeT wonaSi. gamarTeT saswori samarTlianad da ar daakloT wonaSi!. (sura rahmani 7-9)

“sawyao aavseT srulad da nu iqnebiT imaTgani, vinc damklebia. awoneT zusti sasworiT!

ar moakloT xalxs is, rac ekuTvniT da ar qmnaT qveynad avi, ukeTurobas nu gaamravlebT! (Su’era 181-183)

Suamavali rom medinaSi gadavida, medinas bazarSi naxa, rom gamyidvelebi zomasa da wonaSi TaRliTobdnen. amis gamo man isini gaafrTxila da muttafifinis suras Semdegi aiaTebi waukiTxa:

“vai maT, romelnic sawyaosa da wonas ayalbeben! romelnic yidvis dros xalxisgan zustad moiTxoven! da roca sxvebs miuzomaven an miuwonian, wonas akleben! nuTu ar fiqroben isini, rom erT dRes unda aRsdgnen, diad (aRdgomis) dRes? im dRes, xalxi warsdgebian samyaroTa meufis winaSe!

amrigad, muslimi vaWari an zogadad adamiani, romelic raime saqonels yidis zomasa da wonis sakitxebSi yuradRebiani unda iyos da yvelanairad ecados, rom adamianebi ar moatyuos.

6. bazarze raime saqonlis xelovnuri deficitis Seqmnis gziT fasebis gazrda

savaWro saqonlis xelovnurad armiwodeba da deficitis Seqmna, raTa fasebi avardes, islamis mixedviT miuRebelia. amgvari qceva fasebis zedmetad gazrdas da aranormaluri situaciis warmoqmnas gamoiwvevs.

amgvari qceva aris mcire arjis Sedegad meti sargeblis naxvis surviliT nakarnaxevi da is bunebrivia islamis principebs ar emTxveva. es aris antisocialuri qceva, romelic momxmareblebis finansur danakargs iwvevs. amgvari qceva gansakuTrebiT dasagmobia, roca saqme exeba ZiriTadi saWiroebebis dasakmayofilebel produqcias. ZiriTadi saWiroebis produqtebis miwodebidan didi xnis ganmavlobaSi amoReba socialur da ekonomikur ryevebs iwvevs. amdenad “Savi bazari” da amgvari xelovnuri manipulireba saqonlis fasze islamis mixedviT miuRebelia.

7. momxmareblebze kargad moqceva

gamyidveli momxmarebels Tavazianad unda moeqces. myidvelTan saxeRimiliani, Tavaziani da tkbilsityviani unda iyos. Sesabamisad gamyidvelma Tavi unda Seikavios yovelgvari uxeSobisa da cudi qcevebisagan. amasTanave sasurvelia myidvels saqonlis SeZena gauiolos.

Suamavali brZanebda: “yidvixan da gayidvixan, valis aRebisa da gacemixan vinc lmobierad moiqceva da gaaiolebs RmerTma dalocos”. (buhari, buiu’, 16)

gamyidvelma unda icodes, rom is aramarto saqonlis gayidviTaa dakavebuli, aramed is adamianebis saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaSi exmareba da amdenad karg saqmes akeTebs. ase rom sasurvelia cota ikmaros da alali lukma miitanos Sin.

garda amisa, islamis mixedviT sasurvelia valis aRebisas gadamxdelis finansuri mdgomareoba gaviTvaliswinoT da kuTxeSi ar mivimwyvdioT. Tu SesaZlebelia da raime gansakuTrebul zians ar gamoiwvevs, valis dabrunebis TariRis gadavadebac mosawoni saqcielia. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yuranSi sura bayaras 280-e aiaTSia saubari:

“da Tu mevale gasaWirSia (ar SeuZlia valis gastumreba), maSin gadauvadeT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebamde. da Tu aCuqebT, ukeTesia TqvenTvis, rom icodeT.

Tu erTis mxriv gamyidveli valdebulia momxmarebels xeli Seuwyos da valis gadaxda ar gauZnelos, meores mxriv momxmarebelic valdebulia nisiad waRebuli saqonlis safasuri droulad dafaros. bunebrivia man valis gadauxdelobis gamo gamyidvels finansuri ziani ar unda miayenos. roca gadaxdis SesaZlebloba aris da vals ar abruneben, es gamyidvelisTvis zianis miyenebaa da Sesabamisad miuRebelia.

myidvelsa da gamyidvels Soris kargi urTierToba, urTierTndoba da urTierTgageba sasurveli mdgomareobaa da islamis mizanic swored amgvari urTierTobebis Camoyalibebaa. amrigad, vaWrobis procesSi Camoyalibebuli es harmoniuli urTierToba pirad cxovrebaSic gadaizrdeba da zogadad urTierTsiyvarulze damyarebuli urTierTobebi Camoyalibdeba.

8. momxmareblis Secdena

xSirad vaWrobis procesSi mimarTaven xerxs, romlis drosac fasis xelovnuri da ararealuri aweva xdeba. kerZod, fasSi morigebisas mesame pirovneba midis da saqonelSi imaze gacilebiT metis gadaxdas aanonsebs, rac sinamdvileSi Rirs. momxmarebeli tyuvdeba da saqoneli rom sxvas ar dauTmos ixdis relurze ufro met safasurs. aseTi scenaris gaTamaSebisTvis yovelTvis gamyidvelsa da im mesame pirovnebas Soris winaswari SeTanxmeba aucilebeli arc aris. es SeiZleba spontanurad da SeuTanxmebladac moxdes. amitom wesi da rigi moiTxovs vacaloT pirvel muStars da roca isini ver morigdebian amis Semdeg davapiroT im konkretuli saqonlis SeZena.

amrigad islami gmobs iseT qcevas, romelic Tavisufali konkurenciis garemos azianebs da usamarTlobas xels uwyobs. amgvari tendenciebi adamianur urTierTobebsac azianebs. Sesabamisad sazogadoebaSic urTierTsiyvaruli da urTierTgageba Semcirdeboda.

Suamavalma savaWro urTierTobebSi jer kidev maSin Semoitana garkveuli regulaciebi, romlebic gegmazomierad aregulirebda am process da zogadad am procesis samarTlianad warmarTvas uzrunvelyofda. am yvelafris mizani ki jansaRi urTierTobebis, ekonomikis ganviTarebis, Sromisa da amagis dafasebis da rogorc mwarmoeblis, ise momxmareblis dacvis uzrunvelyofa iyo.

9. saqonlis gayidvisas Careva

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqonlis gayidvisas, jer kidev vaWrobis procesSi, vinme mesame modis da ambobs rom am konkretul saqonelze ufro kargi saqoneli aqvs ufro iafad. an piriqiT, mesame piri gamyidvels eubneba, rom Tu am SeTanxmebas Secvlis, is am konkretul saqonelSi ufro mets gadauxdis. kerZo garigebebSi amgvari Careva, islamis mixedviT miuRebelia.

bunebrivia aq ar unda gavaigivoT auqcionis SemTxveva, radgan auqcionis dros gansxvavebuli winapiroba da sul sxva situaciaa.

10. bazarSi mosvlamde saqonelze agzaSi daxvedra da amgvarad rogorc gamyidvelebze, ise myidvelebze zaralis miyeneba

Suamavalma gasayidi saqonlis qalaqSi Semotanamde gzaSi daxvedra da iq SeZena akrZala. am akrZalvas ori mizezi hqonda: a) romleime vaWars SeeZlo gzaSi daxvedroda saqonels da erTi saxeobis saqoneli mTlianad Seesyida, rac mas am konkretuli saqonlis gayidvisas monopolistis mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda. es ki saqonlis Rirebulebaze gacilebiT met fasad gayidvis saSualebas miscemda. b) gzaSi bazrisken momavalma gamyidvelma jer kidev ar icis saqonlis fasi, rac qmnis imis albaTObas, rom saqonels realuri Rirebulebidan gacilebiT dabal fasSi daaTmobineben.

gamomdinare aqedan, am orive SemTxvevaSi bazris normaluri konkurenciis pirobebi irRveva da an qalaqis myidvelebi zaraldebian, an soflidan momavali gamyidvelebi.

garda amisa, Suamavalma qalaqeli vaWrebis mier garkveuli sazRauris sanacvlod sofleli mwarmoeblis saxeliT saqonlis gayidvac akrZala da brZana: “ qalaqelma soflelis saxeliT ar gayidos”...(buhari, buiu, 58)

islami krZalavs Savi bazris warmoqmnas da saqonlis fasis xelovnurad gazrdis amgvar maqinaciebs gmobs. amis mizezi Semdegnairad aris ganmartebuli:

mwarmoebelma bazars saqoneli Tavad unda miawodos. Sesabamisad mwarmoebelsa da momxmarebels Soris Sesvla da fasis zedmetad gazrda ar unda moxdes. radganac mizani fasis zedmetad gazrdis sawinaaRmdego prevenciaa, amitom mwarmoebelsa da momxmarebels Soris zomieri sargeblis miRebis gziT am or mxares Soris momsaxureba da am mxriv muSaoba misaRebia. dReisaTvis isedac amgvari momsaxureba gavrcelebulia da is adamianebs sWirdebaT, radgan es saqmianoba mwarmoeblidan momxmareblamde saqonlis mitanas gacilebiT aiolebs.

rogorc ukve naTelia islami ar krZalavs vaWrobas. is cdilobs maqsimalurad daicvas rogorc momxmarebeli, ise mwarmoebelic. amis gamo iyo, rom qalaqSi momaval glexebze gzaSi daxvedra aikrZala, radgan damxvdurebi iq glexebs atyuebdnen da saqonels Rirebulebaze gacilebiT nakleb fasad arTmevdnen, qalaqSi ki momxmareblebs atyuebdnen da saqonlis Rirebulebaze gacilebiT Zvirad yiddnen. islamis mixedviT aseve akrZalulia ZiriTadi motxovnilebis produqciis gangeb dasawyobeba, raTa bazarze deficiti Seiqmnas da mere Zalain Zvirad gaiyidos. (ix. ibn maje, tijaraT 6, )

11. savaWro saqmianobis aRwera

savaWro saqmianobisas warmoqmnili problemebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi mxareTa Soris SeTanxmebebis bundovaneba da gaurkvevlobaa. islami orive mxarisgan iTxovs alalmarTlobas da samarTlianobas, magram amasTanave keTili zraxvebis dadasturebis mizniT da aseve SemdgomSi mosalodneli gaugebrobebis Tavidan asacileblad SeTanxmebis yoveli detalis aRwera mosawoni saqcielia da islamic amas gvirCevs. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! Tu erTmaneTisgan vals iRebT garkveuli vadiT, dawereT es (xelwerili). da daweros es samarTlianad mweralma Tqven Soris. uari ar Tqvas mweralma. ise daweros, rogorc allahma aswavla mas. mevalem ukarnaxos da eSinodes mas allahis, misi RmerTisa da ar daaklos araferi. da Tu is, vinc mevalea, gonebasustia an uZluri, an Tavad karnaxi ar ZaluZs, maSin misma meurvem ukarnaxos samarTlianad da aiyvaneT mowmed Tqvengan ori kaci. Tu ori kaci ar iqneba, erTi kaci da ori qali, viszec Tanaxma xarT, rogorc mowmeze; es im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu romelime qals SeeSleba, Seaxsenos meorem. da uari ar Tqvan mowmeebma, roca eZaxian. ar daizaroT valis Tavisi vadiT Caweraze, didi (mniSvnelovani) iqneba is Tu mcire (umniSvnelo). es allahis winaSe yvelaze samarTliani da yvelaze saRi (myari) mowmeobisTvisaa, da WeSmaritebasTan yvelaze axloa, rom eWvi ar SegeparoT. magram Tu erTmaneTSi naRdi fuliT gadabarebaa, maSin codvad ar geTvlebaT, Tuki amas ar dawerT. aiyvaneT mowmeebi garigebis dadebisas da arc mwerals Sexvdes rame usiamovneba da arc mowmes; da Tu iqmT amas (zians miayenebT), ueWvelad, es Tqveni WeSmariti gzidan gadaxvevaa. da geSinodeT allahisa! allahi gaswavliT, ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea! (sura bayara 282)

yuranSi es aiaTi sakmaod farTodaa gadmocemuli da garkveulad ganmartavs aReb-micemobis dros saWiro moqcevis wesebs, raTa SemdgomSi Tavidan iqnas acilebuli gaugebrobebi. saamisod ki saWiroa SeTanxmebis werilobiTi formiT Cawera an mowmeebis daswreba. amgvari detaluri ganxilva mowmobs, Tu raoden mniSvnelovan sakitxTan gvaqvs saqme. am aiaTis Semdgom aiaTSi ki nabrZanebia Semdegi:

“da Tu iqnebiT mogzaurobaSi da ver hpovoT mwerali, maSin sabuTad sakmarisia sawinde . da Tu vinme Tqvengani endoba meores, visac endnen, ukan daabrunos sawinde da eSinodes allahis, misi RmerTis da ar damaloT mowmeoba, da vinc damalavs, ueWvelad, codvili guli aqvs. da allahi uwyis, rasac akeTebT! (sura bayara 283)

rogorc aiaTebidan Cans, nebismier sferoSi da Sesabamisad vaWrobaSic ndobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. bunebrivia aiaTebSi miTiTebulia, rom ndobis borotad gamoyeneba kategoriulad miuRebelia.

12. aralegitimuri gzebiT Semosavlis miReba

islami Sromas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs.

“da rom arferia adamiani, garda iRvwoda rasac. (sura nejmi 39)

Suamavalic xSirad saubrobda Sromasa da mis mniSvnelobaze. amasTanave Suamavali brZanebda, rom erTi adamianis mier meoris daCagvris SemTxvevaSi, Tu daCagrulma Tavad ar apatia, RmerTi mCagvrels ar Seundobs. amitom adamianebi ufelebis darRveva kategoriulad miuRebelia. aseTi uflebis darRvevaa raime saqonlis patentis Cumad Seqmna da bazarze gaSveba. an romelime wignis da diskis malulad gamravleba da gavrceleba. am kategoriaSi Sedis kompiuteruli prgramebis aralegitilurad gamoyeneba, rac udavod Semqmnelis uflebis darRvevaa.

es yvelaferi aramarto finansur zians moutans mwarmoebels, aramed is sagrZnoblad urtyams mwarmoeblis survils Seqmnas raime axali da saintereso. es ki gacilebiT seriozuli da globaluri problemaa.

mokled rom vTqvaT, aralegitimuri gzebiTa da saSualebebiT raime produqciis warmoeba da bazarze gatana miuRebelia. bunebrivia aq igulisxmeba warmoebaze uflebamosili piris nebarTvis gareSe raimis warmoeba da gayidvac. es islamis principebs ar Seesabameba.

Tu uflebamosili piri diskebis gavrcelebis uflebas mianiWebs vinmes, maSin am konkretul pirovnebas ufleba aqvs gaamravlos da gaavrcelos isini.

IV. Sefaseba da Sedegi

islamis mixedviT Sroma da alali Semosavali iseTive savaldebuloa, rogorc codnis SeZena da adamianis mier sarCos mopoveba, ojaxis gamokveba da saerTod am miznisaTvis alalad Sroma, zogadi gagebiT RvTismsaxurebadaa miCneuli. es yvelaferi exeba vaWrobasa da ekonomikur saqminobas. islami vaWrobasa da ekonomikur saqmianobaSi garkveul principebs awesebs. Tu es wesebi da prinwipebi ugulebelyofili gaxdeba am sferoSi fexs moikidebs iseTi negatiuri da damangreveli movlenebi, rogoricaa qrTami, usamarTloba, mtacebloba, aralegaluri Semosavali, qurdoba, TaRliToba, konfliqtebi da sxva msgavsi.

mogebis dros islamis mixedviT mTavari principi alali Semosavalia. qurdoba, TaRliToba, qrTami, procenti, azartuli TamaSebi, zomasa da wonaSi motyueba, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gadaWarbebulad Zirad gayidva, muSa- mosamsaxureTa uflebebi darRveva, gasamrjelos droulad da srulad gadauxdeloba, Raribebze daxmarebis gawevis daviwyeba da zogadad yvela is negatiuri tendencia islamis mixedviT akrZalulia.

gamomdinare aqedan, nebismieri mwarmoebeli valdebulia Tavisi warmoebuli saqonliT sxvebs ziani ar miayenos. dauSvebelia janmrTelobisTvis saSiSi an moxmarebis vadagadacilebuli produqtebis gasayidad gatana. momxmareblis informaciis naklebobiT sargebloba da maTTvis saqonlis zedmetad Zvirad miyidva dagmobili da miuRebelia.

aseve dauSvebelia ekonomikuri wonasworobisTvis safrTxis Semcveli nebismier qmedebis Cadena. miuRebelia ekonomiuri mdgomareobis borotad gamoyeneba da adamianebis Cagvra. bunebrivia aseve miuRebelia dakisrebuli saqmis Rirseulad Seusruleblobac. yvelas unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis mimarT Cadenili usamarTloba RmerTis winaSe yvelaze rTulad Sendobadia.

amavdroulad muslimi saqmosani Tavisi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ganxorcielebisas sxvaTa uflebebsac unda gaufrTxildes. is mudmivad unda cdilobdes yvelas Tavisi wili argunos. amasTanave is valdebulia alal saqmeSi investiciebi ganaxorcielos da amiT qveynis ekonomikur winsvlas xeli Seuwyos, rac sxva adamianebze keTildReobis saxiT aisaxeba. ekonomikuri siZliere arasodes sxvaTa CagvrisTvis ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli.

mokled rom vTqvaT, glexi iqneba Tu muSa, vaWari Tu saxelmwifo moxele, xelovani Tu mecnieri, mdidari Tu Raribi Tavis saqminobaSi marTali da patiosani unda iyos da Semosavali alalad unda moipovos. amisaTvis ki saWiroa islamis mier dadgeniliprincipebi Seiswavlos da praqtikaSi ganaxorcielos.