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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
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გამოცემისთვის მოამზადა
უღურ ალთინთოფი

ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 20.02.2019/18

ISBN: 978-605-7519-35-1
2019-06-Y-0003-1585
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2019

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saqonlis moxmareba da zRvarsgadasuloba

doq. muhlis aqari

თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

winasityvaoba

adamiani sazogadoebis nawilia. erTian sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamianebi valdebulni arian icodnen individis uflebeba- movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT unda moqmedebdnen, raTa adamianTa Soris mSvidoba da bedniereba iqnas uzrunvelyofili. pasuxismgeblobis Segneba pirovnebam, upirveles yovlisa sakuTariT unda daiwyos. piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba visac gaaCnia, man ojaxisa da sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli pasuxismgeblobac icis da dakisrebul movaleobasac asrulebs.

„nuTu egona adamians, rom upasuxismgeblod iqneboda mitovebuli?“

qiameT suras 36-e aiaTi migviTiTebs, rom adamiani pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli arsebaa.

„mere im dRes, aucileblad mogekiTxebaT, rac geboZaT!“

Teqasuris suras me-8 aiaTi ki gviCvenebs, rom adamians, upirveles yovlisa goneba da sxva mravali wyaloba eboZa da amis sapasuxod, garkveuli valdebulebebi daekisra, romelic SeZlebidagvarad unda Seasrulos.

sazogadoebis simSvides, umTavresad gaurkvevloba arRvevs, yvelas gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba, raTa adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi momavali SeviqmnaT. cxadia, rom dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi mravali gaurkveveli sakiTxi arsebobs.

dReisaTvis msoflio sazogadoebis momavals mravali safrTxe emuqreba. esenia: SimSli, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, bunebrivi katastrofebi, socialuri uTanasworoba, araTanabari pirobebi, zneobrivi dacemuloba, sulieri simdable, materialuri midrekilebebi, urwmunoeba, boroteba, arasakmarisad jansaRi garemo, gaurkvevloba ganaTlebisa da samarTlianobis sferoSi, istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebebis ganadgureba da sxva. garda amisa, am yvelafers emateba adamianebs Soris dialogis. tolerantobisa da Semwynareblobis Semcireba, gansxvavebuli azris devna da terori.

yvela es sakiTxi ara konkretuli regionis an erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed mTeli msoflios mosaxleoba raRac formiT, gaurkvevlobaSia Cafluli. am sakiTxebis mosagvarevlad ki xalxebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis qmediTi miRwevebis Ziebaa saWiro.

sinamdvileSi, umTavresi aris is, rom Cvens xelT arsebul Rirebulebebs ver vamCnevT da Sesabamisad am RirebulebebiT ar vcxovrobT. gamomdinare aqedan, jer es Rirebulebebi unda aRmovaCinoT da yoveldRiurobaSi davnergoT. ueWvelia, rom CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba islamia, romelic ramdenime aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gzas unaTebs.

dRes, adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mizniT SemuSavebuli fsiqoTerapiis meTodebis qmediTunarianobisaTvis, ekologiuri problemebis, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis da sxva msgavsi gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg religiis mniSvneloba aSkaraa. islams gaaCnia saimiso SesaZlebloba, rom Tanamedrove gamowvevebs upasuxos. mas aqvs saimiso dinamika, raTa Tanamedrove msoflios axali formulirebebi SesTavazos.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni sarwmunoebis mier gadmocemuli brZanebebi da rCevebi, romlebic urTierTdaxmarebisa da tolerantobis principebis damkvidrebas uwyobs xels, yurad unda viRoT da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi kargad gaviazroT da cxovrebis Wiri da lxini erTad vzidoT. Cveni cxovrebis stili socialuri urTierTTanadgoma unda iyos da bednieri momavlisTvis yvelam erTad vibrZoloT.

Sesavali

dReisaTvis moxmarebis kultura adamianur da moralur Rirebulebebs gascda da kulturuli da sulieri faseulobebisgan daicala. irgvliv gamefebulia gulgriloba da sxvisi Wiris arad Cagdeba. amgvari mdgomareoba qmnis adamianis tips, romelic bednierebas mxolod da mxolod SeZenasa da moxmarebaSi xedavs.

warmoebisa da mogebis gazrdis mizniT moxmarebis gazrdaa saWiro da saamisod mravali saxis sakomunikacio saSualebebia gamoyenebuli. es yvelaferi ki xelovnurad Seqmnis moTxovnilebebs warmoSobs. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba Tavis mxriv cvlis RirebulebaTa sazoms. warmoiqmneba situacia, romlis drosac momxmarebloba privilegiad iTvleba da adamiani rac ufro ZviradRirebul saqonels moixmars es siamayis da ampartavnebis mizezi xdeba. es ki adamianebis erTgvar klasobriv dayofas iwvevs.

am rbolasa da SejibrSi adamianebi xSirad sakredito baraTebs iyeneben da ixdian procentebs, vardebian uazro valebSi, raTa tendencias ar CamorCnen. ufro metic, zogierTi adamiani ramodenime wlis Semdgom mosalodnel Semosavals Tavidanve xarjavs da am gziT Tavis momavals, rogor wesi ipoTekaSi debs.

zedmeti da usistemo xarjva garda imisa, rom iwvevs adamianuri da zneobrivi Rirebulebebis ugulebelyofas, aseve qmnis safrTxes, rom dedamiwis SezRuduli resursebi amoiwuros. garemo ukiduresad binZurdeba, nadgurdeba tyeebi, mdinareebi da sxva.

meores mxriv dRiTidRe izrdeba usargeblo moTxovnilebebis ricxvi da momWirneobisken araviTari tendencia ar SeiniSneba. adamianebi im produqtebs, romlebsac adre ar iyenebdnen, ar sWirdebodaT da zedmetad miiCnevdnen, uecrad aRmoaCenen, rom igive produqtebis momxmareblebi arian. ukve aRaravin kiTxulobs, rom es yvelaferi namdvilad sWirdeba adamians Tu ara.

mokled rom vTqvaT, dReisaTvis momxmareblebis midgomebs adamiani ekonomikur ganzomilebaSi gadahyavs da moxmarebaze ukiduresad orientirebuls xdis. amavdroulad ugulebelyofilia iseTi mniSvnelovani moraluri da religiuri Rirebulebebi, rogoricaa urTierTdaxmareba, gaWirvebulebze xelis gawodeba, garemos dacva, mflangvelobisa da ampartavnebisagan Tavis Sekaveba, mxolod imdeniT dakmayofileba, rac gvWirdeba da sxva.

gamomdinare aqedan, rogorc individualiri, ise sazogadoebrivi momxmareblis kultura aucileblad gamosworebas saWiroebs, radgan arsebul mdgomareobas moaqvs yvela zemoT CamoTvlili uaryofiTi tendenciebi. saamisod ki aucilebelia gavataroT moraluri da sulieri, prevenciuli saxis RonisZiebebi. erTis mxriv unda SenarCundes samewarmeo survili, raTa realuri saWiroebebisaTvis sakmarisi produqcia damzaddes, xolo meores mxriv adamianebs unda avuxsnaT, rom mflangveloba miuRebelia da sazogadoebis mdidarma wevrebma Rarib nawils unda daexmaron. raRacis yidva, SeZena, moxmareba TviTmizani ar unda iyos. is unda iyos saSualeba saimisod, rom saWiroebebi davikmayofiloT. mizani ki adamianis da sazogadoebis bednierebaa. moxmarebas aucileblad unda hqondes sazomi da moraluri normebi.

axla ki am mokrZalebuli naSromiT SevecdebiT sakiTxi islamis principebis Sesabamisad ganvixiloT.

I. moxmareba da moraluri principebi

adamianebi xasiaTiT erTimeorisgan gansxvavdebian. yovel maTgans aucileblad gaaCnia pirovnuli interesebi da survilebi, rac sxvaTa uflebebis xelyofis albaTobas qmnis. swored amitomaa moraluri principebi saWiro da aucilebeli. amasTanave saWiroa samarTlebriv normebTan erTad moraluri normebis praqtikaSI gatareba, raTa sazogadoebaSi mSvidoba, erTianoba da Zmoba SenarCundes.

am TvalsazrisiT, islami, pirovnul da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi moraluri Rirebulebebis dacvas da ganxorcielebas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs da zogierTi valdebulebisa da akrZalvis saxiT adamianebs Soris zneobis damkvidrebas isaxavs miznad. Suamavali brZanebda: “Tqvens Soris yvelaze sasargeblo isaa, visac kargi zneoba gaaCnia”. (buhari, edeb, 38)

momxmarebloba da masTan dakavSirebuli moraluri principebi sakmaod yuradsaRebi Temaa. Suamavali brZanebda: “visac mezobeli mSieri yavs da TviTon maZRari wevs, Cveniani ar aris”. (ebu Seibe, musannef, 7/218)

“rasac sakuTari TavisTvis isurvebT, Tu is morwmune Zmasac ar usurveT, morwmuned ar CaiTvlebiT.” (buhari, iman, 7)

hadisebidan gamomdinare morwmune muslimi valdebulia materialuri da sulieri wyaloba arc upasuxismgeblod gaaniavos da amasTanave morwmune Zmebsac unda gauziaros. hadisebidan naTlad Cans, rom morwmune muslims uyuradReboba da gulgriloba ar epatieba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom islami sakuTrebis uflebas icavs, adamianebs mainc ar aZlevs usazRvro uflebas sakuTari qoneba SeuZRudavad gankargon. amiT islami sazogadoebis ekonomikuri wonasworobis TvalsazrisiT garkveul normebs awesebs. islamis mixedviT Semosavlis miReba, mogeba da qonebis dagroveba garkveul normebs unda Seesabamebodes da aseve normebia dawesebuli qonebis gankargvisa da xarjvis drosac. am normebis ugulebelyofa iwvevs sasjels, rogorc amqveyniurs, ise imqveyniurs. wm. Suamavali brZanebda:

“saiqioSi adamiani xuTi raimis Sesaxeb aucileblad ganikiTxeba: cxovreba sad gaatara, axalgazrdoba rogor ganvlo, qoneba saidan daagrova da sad daxarja da Tavisi codnis mixedviT Tu iqceoda”. (Tirmizi, yiameT, 1)

islamis mixedviT momxmareblis mier gasaTvaliswinebeli moraluri principebi Semdegia:

1. moxmarebisas ZiriTadi

motivi unda iyo saWiroeba

adamianebs sicocxlis gagrZelebsaTvis aucileblad sWirdebaT moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba. es aris saWiroeba, romelic adamianis cxovrebas mudmivad Tan sdevs. saWiroebebi moTxovnilebis saxiT warmoCndeba. moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis procesi ki zogadad gamoixateba rogorc moTxovna. moTxovna aris garkveuli produqciis an momsaxurebis SeZenis survili da SesaZlebloba.

ekonomistebis enaze ekonomika aris SezRuduli saqonelisa da momsaxurebis SuazRudav moTxovnilebebTan gawonasworebis mcdeloba. islamis ekonomistebi ki miiCneven, rom SeuZRudavi moTxovnilebebi ki ara, adamianis survilebia. ase, rom maTi azriT moTxovnileba da survili sxvadasxva ramaa.

simarTlec esaa. adamianebi dRes arsebuli moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebisTanave sxva moTxovnilebebs iCenen da rogorc wesi, ufro da ufro meti undaT. Suamavali adamianis am Tvisebas Semdegnairad aRwers: “adamians erTi xeoba savse oqro rom hqondes, meores moisurvebs”. buhari, rikak, 10)

dResa, moTxovnileba da survili erTmaneTSia areuli da umetesad survili saWiroebis adgils ikavebs. arada saWiroeba ufro konkretuli ramaa, vidre survili. saWiroeba fiziologiuri xasiaTisaa, xolo survili ufro fsiqologiuri movlenaa. amitomaa, rom Cveulebrivi adamianis saWiroebebi SezRudulia, xolo survilebi SeuzRudavi.

gamomdinare aqedan SegviZlia Semdegi mosazreba warmogidginoT: adamianebs, roca es saWiro iqneba, unda SeeZloT survilebi SezRudon da iseTi rameebis SeZenisgan Tavi Seikavon, risi SeZenac im momontisaTvis aucilebeli ar aris. rac aucilebelia da gadaudebel saWiroebas warmoadgens, bunebrivia adamianma is unda SeiZinos.

mniSvnelobis mxriv moTxovnilebebi SeiZleba sam jgufad davyoT: aucilebeli, cxovrebis gaiolebisTvis gamosadegi da siamovnebis misaRebi moTxovnilebebi. bunebrivia, rom ganviTareba da Tanamedroveoba moTxovnilebebis gazrdas iwvevs. Tumca, yvela survilis da moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba ekenomikuri TvalsazrisiT SeuZlebelia da saWiroa arCevanis gakeTeba. pirvel rigSi mdgomi moTxovnilebebis ugulebelyofa da meorexarisxovani moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebisTvis zrunva mflangvelobad iTvleba da miuRebelia. adamianis usazRvro fantaziisa da survilebis pirobebSi, maT dasakmayofileblad saWiro resursebi sagrZnoblad mcirea. amitom aucilebelia moxmarebisas arsebobdes regulaciebi, romlebic gonivrul, zneobriv da ekonomikur principebs Seesabameba. adamianebs amgvari principebi rom ar zRudavdes, vin icis zogierTi adamiani sakuTari survilebis Sesabamisad ramden usargeblo rames SeiZenda. meores mxriv ki vin icis ramden adamians ar SeuZlia sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani ram SeiZinos. amgvari tendencia aramarto ekonomikur wonasworobas daazianebs, aramed is gamoiwvevs socialur ukmayofilebas da dairRveva sazogadoebrivi simSvide. samwuxarod dRes mravali aseTi magaliTi arsebobs.

2. Semosavlis matebasTan erTad ar unda davarRvioT moraluri principebi

islamis mixedviT mxolod samomxmareblo xarjebi ar aris Semosavlis mizani. amitom Semosavlis matebasTan erTad, maSinve moxmarebaze orientireba miRebuli ar aris. moxmarebis sfero islamis mixedviTaa daregulirebuli. islami ramodenime saxis produqcias haramad miiCnevs da maT SeZenasa da moxmarebas krZalavs. rac Seexeba legitimur saqonels, islami aqac zomierebas moiTxovs da mflangvelobas miuReblad Tvlis. (ix. araf 31)

gamomdinare aqedan, adamians, romelsac Semosavali moemata ufleba ar aqvs maSinve sakuTari survilisa da saWiroebisamebr daxarjos. is valdebulia gaiTvaliswinos Raribebi, sxva tipis gaWirvebulebi, naTesavebi, megobrebi da sxva. (ix. nisa 36, isra 26-27)

isedac cxadia, rom muslimi adamiani mis irgvliv myofi adamianebis SimSilisa da ubedurebis mimarT gulgrili ver darCeba. yuranis aiaTebSi mravalgzis aris mowodebuli, rom adamianma mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis ki ar unda daxarjos, sxvebisTvisac unda gaiRos da amgvari danaxarji RvTis gzaze daxarjulad iTvleba. mag:

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! gaeciT im saukeTesoTagan, rac moixveWeT da rac miwidan aRmovaceneT TqvenTvis. da ar ganizraxoT misgan yvelaze cudi gasacemad, risi amRebic ar iqnebodiT Tqven, garda TvalmoxuWvisa. icodeT, rom allahi yovladmdidaria, yovladqebulia!” (sura bayara 267)

aiaTidan gamomdinare Semosavlis nawili gaWirvebulebs unda vuwiladoT.

arsebobs RvTis gzaze daxarjvis savaldebulo da nebayofilobiTi varianti. magaliTad zeqaTi savaldebulo mowyalebaa. sxva tipis mowyalebas ki morwmune sakuTari survilisamebr ganaxorcielebs da raodenobac maszea damokidebuli. Suamavali Semosavlis matebis miuxedavad mokrZalebul cxovrebas ganagrZobda. mTel danarCen Semosavals ki Raribebs unawilebda.

ra Tqma unda islami ar gvavaldebulebs, rom mxolod minimumi vikmaroT da xarjvaSi saarsebo minimums ar avcdeT. morwmune muslims ufleba aqvs kargad da zomierad komfortulad icxovros. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“hkiTxe: vis ZaluZs akrZalos morTuloba da sanukvari sarCoTagani allahis mier Tavis msaxurnze naboZebi? uTxari: es maTTvisaa amqveyniur cxovrebaSi da kerZod, aRdgomis dRes, romelTac iwames. amgvarad ganvmartavT aiaTebs Cven im xalxisTvis, acnobiereben romelnic.

yvela im tipis xarjva romelic ampartavnebas gamoxatavs da zedmetia mflavngvelobaSi iTvleba. amitom, roca adamiani fuls xarjavs mxolod sakuTari safulis mdgomareobaze ki ar unda ifiqros, sazogadoebis safulec unda gaiTvaliswinos. islamuri gageba ar iTvaliswinebs imas, rom sazogadoebaSi zogi Zalian mdidari iyos da ZiriTadi masa ukiduresad Raribi.

3. legitimuri CarCoebis dacviT

sargeblis maqsimizacia

saqonelisa da momsaxurebisgan miRebul dakmayofilebas sargebeli hqvia. am ganmartebidan gamomdinare saqonelsa da momsaxurebas sargebeli rom hqondes amisaTvis saWiroa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis Tviseba gaaCndes.

islamis mixedviT sargeblis Semcvel saqonels samarTlebrivi, legitimuri Rirebuleba unda gaaCndes. magaliTad arsebobs islamis mixedviT aralegitimuri, samarTlebrivad Rirebulebis armqone saqonelic. aseTia Roris xorci, leSi da msgavsi. moTxovnilebebis dakmayofielbisTvis Seqmnili saqoneli aucileblad halali unda iyos. gamomdinare aqedan, alkoholi, narkotiki da Roris xorci, romlebic islamis mixedviT kategoriulad akrZalulia, gamoyenebad saqonlad ar iTvleba da maTi gamoyeneba akrZalulia. Sesabamisad muslimisTvis maT sargeblianobaze saubaric ki zedmetia. aseve miuRebelia imgvari momsaxurebis miReba, rac islamis principebs ewinaaRmdegeba. amgvari momsaxurebis gawevac da miRebac akrZalulia.

meores mxriv yuranis zogierT aiaTebSi saubaria iseT saqonelze, romlebic pirdapir sasargeblodaa miCneuli. (ix. sura bayara 110, 272, 273) amgvari saxeli maT mieniWaT maTi gamoyebebis Sedegad miRebuli sargebelis gamo. sargebeli xom saqonelisa da momsaxurebis gamoyenebis Semdeg warmoiqmneba. amitomaa rom RvTis gzaze fulis gaReba, zeqaTi, mowyaleba, ojaxis rCena da sxva msgavsi xasiaTis qcevebi yuranSi xSiradaa mowodebuli.

romelTac swamT uxilavis, locvas aRavlenen WeSmaritad da, rac vuwyalobeT, gaiReben iqidan (RvTis gzaze);(sura bayara 3)

“sikeTe martooden aRmosavleTis da dasavleTis mxares saxis mopyrobiT ar Semoifargleba. aramed sikeTe isaa, vinc irwmuna allahi da dRe ukanaskneli, angelozebi, wigni da Suamavlebi; uyvars qoneba, magram mainc urigebs axloblebs, oblebs, upovrebs, mogzaurebs, mTxovnelebsa da monebs ; locvad dgeba, zeqaTs arigebs, da asrulebs pirobas, Tuki debs mas; moTminebiT itans ubedurebas, gasaWirsa da gansacdels. swored egeni arian erTgulni da (allahis sasjelisgan) daculnic swored egeni arian.” (sura bayara 177)

“da romelTac moiTmines TavianTi RmerTis kmayofilebis surviliT da aRavlines locva, da gascemen farulad Tu aSkarad mowyalebas imisgan, rac vuboZeT da sdevnian sikeTiT borotebas, ai egeni, romelTac hpoves saukeTeso Sedegi samyofelisa!” (sura ra’d 22)

garda amisa, yurani afrTxilebs im adamianebs, romlebic saqonels ar iyeneben, inaxaven da RvTis gzaze ar xarjaven.

“hei, Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! ueWvelad, umetesi mwignobari da beri usamarTlod miirTmeven xalxis qonebasa da acduneben maT allahis gzidan. da romelnic agroveben oqrosa da vercxls, xolo ar gaiReben mas allahis gzaze , maSin amcne maT mware sasjeli!

im dRes gaSanTebuli iqneba jojoxeTis cecxlze maTi zedapiri, gaaxureben da daidaReba Sublni maTi, da ferdni maTni, da zurgni maTni: ai, esaa, rac moagroveT Tqveni sulisTvis. maS, igemeT is, rasac agrovebdiT!” (sura Tevbe 34-35)

saqonlisa da momsaxurebisgan islamis mixedviT legitumuri gziT sargeblis miReba da am sargeblis maqsimizacia miRebuli da misasalmebelia. islamis swavlulTagan el jahizi mogviTxrobs muazes saxeliT cnobili erT-erTi qalbatonis ambavs, sadac TemasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxia ganxiluli.

am qalbatons erTma axlobelma pirutyvi aCuqa. qali qvrivi iyo, amitom ar icoda ra moexerxebina pirutyvisTvis. sagonebelSi Cavardnil qals jahizma hkiTxa, ra gagWirvebiao. muazem upasuxa: me qvrivi var da ar myavs mamakaci, romelic am pirutyvs mixedavs an xorcis gamoyenebaSi damexmareba. qmari, romelic yvela saqmes agvarebda da mexmareboda, aRar aris. romc davkla es pirutyvi, rogor unda davWra da rogor gavyido esec ki ar vici. mxolod is vici, rom es pirutyvic da yvelaferi rac RmerTs gauCenia, rogorc halali, aucileblad sasargebloa. Tumca isec xdeba, rom adamianebma misi rigianad gamoyeneba ar viciT. me axla vSiSob cota ar vizaralo, magram vici rom es cota zarali, momavalSi didi zaralis mizezi gaxdeba. rqebi vici rogorc unda gamoviyeno. oTaxSi boZze mivarWob da raRacaebs Camovkideb. rac Seexeba Zvlebs, xorcis gaclis Semdeg unda daimtvres da aduRdes. gamocalkevebul cxims oTaxis gasanaTeblad gamoviyeneb. Zvlebi SeSad gamodgeba. rac Seexeba tyavs, misgan fexsacmeli, CanTa da msgavsi rameebi mzaddeba.

ramodenime xnis Semdeg jahizi isev Sexvdeba muazes. im pirutyvis basturma ra uyavio, hkiTxavs.

basturmisTvis jer adrea. magis dro jer ar mosula. jer cxims, Zvlebs, tyavs viyeneb da Tavi ase gamaqvs. dro rom mova bastumrasac gamoviyeneb.

am ambavs Tu SevxedavT da arsebuli pirobebis mixedviT ganvixilavT, xelT arsebuli saqonlisgan maqsimaluri sargeblis miRebis saukeTeso magaliTia. es ambavi gvaZlevs saimiso gzavnils, rom saqonlisgan maqsimaluri sargeblis miReba damokidebulia mis sworad gamoyenebaze.

islamis mier ganmartebuli adamianis modeli warmoadgens iseT pirovnebas, romelic Tavisi sulieri da materialuri faseulobebiT mxolod sakuTar Tavs ki ara, mTel sazogadoebasac unda gamoadges. yoveli muslimi sazogadoebis da qveynis socio-ekonomikur da kulturul sferoSi aqtiurad unda iRwvodes da mis ganviTarebaze zrunavdes. gamomdinare aqedan muslimi adamiani gansxvavdeba “ekonomikuri adamianisagan”. ekonomikuri adamiani mudmivad cdilobs Tavisi sargebeli maqsimumamde aiyvanos. muslimi adamiani ki sakuTari sargebelis gazrdis mcdelobasTan erTad cdilobs sazogadoebis TiToeuli individis sargebelic gazardos.

ekonomiurad SeZlebuli muslimi, materialuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayoilebisas damatebiTi moxmarebis xarjebs yovelTvis Tavs aridebs, radgan damatebiTi moxmarebis xarjebi “Semcirebuli sargebelis kanonis” mixedviT marginalur sargebels amcirebs, rac saboloo jamSi negatiur sargeblad gadaiqceva. es ki adamians ubedurebisken ubiZgebs. am dros cxovrebisgan siamovnebis miReba rTuldeba da adamians TavSi cudi azrebi da survilebis mosdis, rac uzneo saqcielisken ubiZgebs. islamis principebis mixedviT aRzrdili adamiani am mdgomareobaSi arasodes Cavardeba. man icis, rom gadaWarbebamde sanam miva xarjva unda SeaCeros, radgan zedmeti xarjva ukve mflangveloba da codvaa. muslimi arc fufunebasa da glamurul cxovrebas ahyveba. individualuri moxmarebis marginaluri sargeblis Semcirebisas muslimi pirovneba socialuri kuTxiT iwyebs xarjvas, rac sazogadoebaSi moraluri kmayofilebis grZnobis gazrdas gamoiwvevs. amrigad, gegmazomieri moxmareba materialuri sargebelis garda sazogadoebis Raribi fenis mimarT yuredRebis gamoCenis saSuelabs iZleva, rac maT gaaxarebs da Sesabamisad sazogadoebis sulier mdgomareobas gaaumjobesebs.

amrigad, saqonelisa da momsaxurebisgan alali gzebiT sargebelis maqsimumamde ayvana miRebuli da sasurvelia. am procesSi arc mflangvelobaSi unda gadavideT da arc siZunweSi.

4. zedmeti xarjvisgan Tavis Sekaveba

RmerTma adamians yvelaferi uboZa, rac casa da dedamiwazea. (ix. sura bayara 29, sura luyman 20, sura jasie 13) yvela es wyaloba, rasac ver CamovTvliT adamianis sargeblobisTvisaa gaCenili. (ix. sura ibrahim 34, sura nahl 18). am uTvalavi wyalobidan zogierTiT sargebloba uSromlad da mza saxiT aris SesaZlebeli, xolo zogisTvis Sroma da mopovebaa saWiro. swored Sroma da warmoebaa saWiro, raTa adamianis usazRvro survilis Sesabamisi produqcia arsebobdes. garda amisa, islami am sferoSi garkveul regulaciebs awesebs. magaliTad, racarunda moimatos Semosavalma, muslim adamians ufleba ar aqvs fuli aram da aralegitumuri mimarTulebiT daxarjos. rac Seexeba legitimur sferos, aqac garkveuli regulaciebia, rac aucileblad gulisxmobs mflangvelobisa da zedmeti xarJvisgan Tavis Sekavebas.

ra igulisxmeba mflangvelobaSi? es aris gadaWarbeba, saWiroebaze ufro metis gamoyeneba, zRvarsgadasuloba, qonebis ganiaveba, usargeblod xarjva, cudad gamoyeneba da gafuWeba da sxva.

RmerTi brZanebs:

“hei, adamis Svilno! aiReT Tqveni morTuloba yovel salocavTan, WameT da sviT, da ar gadaxvideT zRvars, ueWvelad, mas ar uyvars zRvargadasulni.( sura e’raf 31)

aRniSnuli aiaTidan gamomdinare zRvarsgadasuloba akrZalulia.

wm. Suamavali brZanebs: “ampartavnebisa da zRvarsgadasulobis gareSe WameT, sviT, CaicviT da mowyaleba gaeciT.”

erTxel Suamavali sads estumra. sadi am dros locviswina mcire ganbanvis rituals asrulebda. Suamavalma dainaxa, rom sadi abdesTis Sesrulebisas zedmet wyals xarjavda da amis gamo usayvedura. sadma gaikvirva da ganbanvisasac SeiZleba zRvarsgadasulobad CameTvaloso, hkiTxa. pasuxad Suamavalma brZana: “diax, mdinaris pirasac rom asrulebdeT ganbanvas maSinac ki.”. (ibni maje, tahareT 48)

ra Tqma unda es ambavi cxadi magaliTia imisa, rom Cven RvTisgan boZebul wyalobas unda gavufrTxildeT da yairaTianad movixmaroT. mdinaris pirasac ki zedmeti wyali ar unda movixmaroT. es mniSvnelovani gzavnilia saimisod, raTa adamianebma momWirneoba da zomierad xarjva gaiTavison.

alali wyalobis gamouyeneblobac erTgvari zRvarsgadasulobaa. halali produqtis an sxva raimis saWiroebaze metis moxmareba zRvarsgadasulobaa da haramia. aseve zRvarsgadasuloba da haramia saWiroebaze naklebis moxmarebac, an saWiroebis miuxedavad saerTod moxmarebisgan Tavis Sekaveba. saWiroebis miuxedavad gamouyenebloba kinkretuli produqciis simravles gamoiwvevs, rac mis warmoebas Seaferxebs. es ki ekonomikuri zianisa da zogadad ekonomikuri winsvlis Senelebis mizezi gaxdeba. yuranSi aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb xSiradaa saubari:

“hkiTxe: vis ZaluZs akrZalos morTuloba da sanukvari sarCoTagani allahis mier Tavis msaxurnze naboZebi? uTxari: es maTTvisaa amqveyniur cxovrebaSi da kerZod, aRdgomis dRes, romelTac iwames. amgvarad ganvmartavT aiaTebs Cven im xalxisTvis, acnobiereben romelnic.” (sura e’raf 32)

“uTuod, waxdenil iqmnen, romelTac ugunurebiTa da umecrebiT daxoces TavianTi Svilni. da romelTac, allahzeve gadabralebiT, allahis sazrdod naboZni aikrZales. ueWvelad, WeSmarit gzas amcdarni arian egeni da ar iqneba, rom daadgnen WeSmarit gzas!(sura en’am 140)

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! ar aikrZaloT siameni, romelzec allahma neba mogcaT Tqven, magram ar gadaxvideT zRvars. ueWvelad, allahs ar uyvars zRvargadasulni.” (sura maide 87)

sarwmunoebiT misaRebi moxmarebisa Tu xarjvisas zRvarsgadasuloba akrZalulia. aq SeiZleba erTi kiTxva daibados: RvTis gzaze, an mowyalebis saxiT gacemisas gadaWarbeba zRvarsgadasulobad iTvleba? yuranSi aris Sesabamisi magaliTebi ganxiluli. aseve am yvelaferze saubaria hadisebSic. aiaTebSi miTiTebulia, rom sxvebze daxmarebisas zRvars ar unda gadavideT da sakuTari mdgomareoba safrTxis qveS ar davayenoT.

“da mieci misi kuTvnili naTesavs, Rataksa da mgzavrs! magram gadaWarbebulad ar gaflango!

ueWvelad, mflangvelebi eSmakis Zmebi arian, xolo eSmaki umaduria Tavisi RmerTis winaSe.” (sura isra 26-27)

aiaTi mogviwodebs, rom sxvaTa daxmarebisa da sxva aucilebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisas zRvarsgadasulobisgan Tavi SevikavoT.

en’amis suras 141-e aiaTSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

“da igia, romelmac gaaCina baRebi ZirsgarTxmuli da amaRlebuli , da xurma, da naTesni sxvadasxva nayofiani, zeTis xili da broweuli erTmaneTis msgavsi da gansxvavebuli. miirTviT maTi nayofi, roca damwifdeba, da momkis dRes gaeciT wili misgan. da ar iyoT mflangvelni. ueWvelad, mas ar uyvars mflangvelni!”

aiaTSi nabrZanebia, rom gacemisasac ar unda viyoT mflangvelni. am TemasTan dakavSirebiT erTi ambavia ganxiluli:

sabiT ibn qiasma Tavisi xurmis baRSi Tavisuflad Sesvlis neba gasca. anu yvelas SeeZlo Sesuliyo mis baRSi da xurma moekrifa. Tumca yvelam imdeni xrma mokrifa, rom mas da mis ojaxs saerTod aRar darCaT araferi. amis Taobaze iqna movlenili aiaTi, roemlic morwmuneebs mowyalebisa da daxmarebis sakiTxebSic zomierebas urCevda.

Suamavali mowyalebis Sesaxeb brZanebda, rom mowyaleba maSinaa kargi, roca mowyalebis gamcemi sxvaze damokidebuli ar gaxdeba. am TemasTan dakavSirebiT aseve arsebobs, varaudi, romlis Tanaxmadac Suamavali mTeli qonebis mowyalebad gacemas krZalavda. (ix. buhari, vesaia 2)

saqoneli, moTxovnilebebis mixedviT sam kategoriad SeiZleba daiyos: aucilebeli saWiroebis saqoneli, simSvidisa da gaiolebis uzrunvelsayofad gamosadegi saqoneli da keTildReobisTvis saWiro saqoneli. Tu adamians pirveladi moxmarebis saqoneli sWirdeba da is meore kategoriis saqonels moixmars, esex zRvarsgadasulobaa da miuRebelia. igive exeba meore kategoriis saWiroebasac. Tu adamians meore kategoriis saqoneli sWirdeba da is fufunebis sagnebs yidulobs, esec zRvarsgadasulobaa. mokled rom vTqvaT, adamians roca pirveladi moTxovnilebebis saqoneli sWirdeba, jer maTi dakmayofileba unda SeZlos da amis mere gadavides sxva kategoriis saqonlis moxmarebaze. moTxovnilebebi ki SeiZleba icvlebodes individisa da im garemos mixedviT, sadac konkretuli individi cxovrobs.

saqonlis simravle an simcire, deficiti an Warbi miwodeba xSirad zRvarsgadasaulobis mizezi xdeba. aseve mniSvnelovania es konkretuli saqoneli aris Tu ara ZiriTadi moxmarebis produqti. magaliTad navTobi iseTi saxis produqciia, romelic yvelas sWirdeba da yvela moixmars mdidari iqneba ad amiani Tu Raribi. Sesabamisad aseTi produqtis mimarT ufro meti mgrZnobeobaa saWiro da misi moxmarebisas ufro meti zomiereba unda gamoviCinoT. Tu navTobis reodenobis siWarbe warmoiqmneba, maSin misi ufro meti raodenobiT moxmareba dasaSvebi gaxdeba. igive vxrceldeba sakveb produqtebze da sxva ZiriTadi moxmarebis produqciaze.

gansakuTrebiT zRvarsgadasulobad da codvad iTvleba fulis iseT aralegitumur rameebSi xarjva, rogoricaa azartuli TamaSebi, alkoholuri sasmelebi, mruSoba da sxva. aseve zRvarsagadasulobaT iTvleba halal da legitimur rameebSi zedmeti xarjva. garda amisa, sakvebi produqtebis gafuWeba, saWmlis gadayra, gamosadegi tanisamosis gadagdeba, aseve gamosadegi avejis gadagdeba, wylisa da eleqtroenergiis umiznod xarjva, zedmeti Wama da sma da sxva msgavsi rameebi zRvarsgadasulobis magaliTebia.

gamomdinare aqedan ekonomikuri Rirebulebebis wesierad gamouyenebloba da maTi ganiaveba, aseve RmerTis mier akrZalul gzaze fulis daxarjva zRvarsgadasulobaa da islamis morals ar Seesabameba.

5. moCvenebiToba da ampartavneba

moCvenebiTi, aragulwrfeli qceva religiaSi gamoixateba sityviT “ria”. es aris qceva, romlis drosac RmerTis kmayofilebisavis Sesasrulebeli RvTismsaxurebas da sxva sasikeTo saqciles adamiani akeTebs ara RmerTis kmayofilebisTvis, rogorc unda iyos, aramed adamianebis dasanaxad, Tavmosawoneblad da saxelis mosaxveWad. amgvari adamiani TvalTmaqci morwmunea.

TvalTmaqcobas SeiZleba ori mizezi hqondes: erTi aris rwmenis sisuste, xolo meore qonebis, didebis, saxelis siyvaruli.

yovelgvar RvTismsaxurebas, namazis Sesrulebas, marxvas, zeqaTis gacemas, hajad wasvlas, mowyalebas da qvelmoqmedebas Tu miznad RmerTis kmayofilebis mopoveba ar aqvs, fuWad wava.

yuranSi RmerTi brZanebs:

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! gacemuli mowyaleba amaod ar hqmanT dayvedrebiTa da damcirebiT; imis msgavsad, romelic xalxis dasanaxad gascems Tavis qonebas, da ar swams allahi da dRe ukanaskneli. mdgomareoba misi im kldes hgavs, romlis zemodan miwaa, RvarTqafi daeca mas da darCa sali qva. egeni verafers ganageben rac SeiZines, iqidan. rameTu allahi ar daadgens urwmunoebs WeSmarit gzas.” (sura bayara 264)

hadisSi ki naTqvamia, rom moCvenebiTi RvTismsaxureba faruli urwmunoebaa. (ahmed ibni hanbeli, musnedi 428) Suamavali brZanebda, rom is adamianebi, romlebmac saxelis mosapoveblad da gmirobis Casadenad brZolaSi Tavi gawires, xelgaSlili adamianis saxelis mosapoveblad mowyaleba gasces, lamazad kiTxulobso xalxs rom eTqva am mizniT yurani waikiTxes, swavluli merqvaso im mizniT iswavles, yvelani jojoxeTSi moxvdebian. (nesai, jihad 22)

yvela am zemoT CamoTvlil SemTxvevaSi aSkara ria, anu TvalTmaqcobaa. aseve TvalTmaqcobaa, roca adamiani sxvebis mosaCveneblad bevrs xarjavs da mdidari adamianis imijs iqmnis.

ase, sxvebis mosaCveneblad vinc iqceva da zedmets xarjavs, yuranSi satanis megobrebad arian moxseniebulni:

1 “Tayvani eciT allahs da aravin gauxadoT Tanaziari mas. da kargad moepyariT mSoblebs, axloblebs, oblebs, Ratakebs, mezoblebs, naTesavebsa da ucxoebs, TanamoZmeebs, mogzaurebs da maT, romelnic Tqvenma marjvenam moipova. ueWvelad, allahs ar uyvars, vinc arian qedmaRalni, medidurni,

2 romelnic Zunwoben da xalxsac Zunwobisken mouwodeben; da malaven imas, rac allahma uboZa maT Tavisi wyalobisgan! Cven movamzadeT urwmunoTaTvis damamcirebeli sasjeli!

3 da romelnic xarjaven TavianT qonebas xalxis dasanaxad da ar swamT allahi, arca gankiTxvis dRe; da visi axlo megobaric eSmakia, maTTvis is ra cudi megobaria!...

4 ra evnebodaT maT, rom ewamaT allahi da gankiTxvis dRe da gaeRoT misgan, rac allahma uwilada? allahi xom ukeT uwyoda maT!(sura nisa 36-39)

fufunebisa da moCvenebiTobisken midrekileba adamianis fsiqologiur struqturas exeba, magram es, rogorc zemoT warmodgenil aiaTebSia warmodgenili, ufro rwmenis sisustesa da religiuri mgrZnobelobis arqonaze miuTiTebs. mxolod amqveyniuri fufunebisken midrekili adamiani, romelsac gankiTxvis dRe da saiqio daviwyebuli aqvs, izrunebs fufunebaze da sxvaTa saCveneblad zedmet xarjvaze. aseTi adamianebi bednierebas gansxvavebul cxovrebaSi eZeben. isini mudmivad luqsi da brWyviala cxovrebisken miiltvian. amas emateba ampartavneba da isini siamayis gamo sazogadoebis sxva fenas zemodan uyureben. amitomac ar swyaloben da Raribebs ar exmarebian.

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qehfis suraSi saubaria or adamianze. maTgan erT-erTi mdidaria, magram urwmuno, xolo meore Raribia, magram morwmune. aiaTSi maTi kamaTia warmodgenili.

1 “maT uambe ori kacis mdgomareoba. davudgineT erT maTgans ori venaxi, garSemovlili xurmebiT da maT Soris yana.

2 orive baRma nayofi gamoiRo da araferi ar mohklebia, rameTu Cven amovaCqefeT maT Soris mdinare.

3 da mas sxva simdidrec hqonda da uTxra Tavis megobars saubarSi: „me ufro meti qoneba maqvs Senze da ufro meti Semweebic myavs.“

4 Sevida igi Tavis baRSi, usamarTlod moqceuli Tavisi sulis mimarT da Tqva: „ar mgonia, rom es odesme moisposo.

5 ar mgonia dadges Jami. da Tu mibrunebuli viqnebi Cems RmerTTan, usaTuod vpoveb amaze ukeTess dabrunebisTviso!“

6 uTxra mas Tavisma megobarma saubris dros: „nuTu uarye, romelmac gagaCina Sen miwisgan, Semdeg wylisgan da mere Camogayaliba Sen kacad?

7 magram igi allahi Cemi RmerTia. da me ar davudgen Tanaziars Cems RmerTs aravis.

8 roca Sexvedi Sens baRSi, ratom ar Tqvi: „rac ineba allahma! ar aris Zala, garda allahisa !“ romc mxedavde me naklebi viyo Senze qonebiTa da SvilebiT.

9 egebis Cemma RmerTma me miboZos ukeTesi Sens baRze da moavlinos masze zecidan mrisxaneba, maSin iqceva igi fiqal miwad.

10 an miwam STanTqos wyali misi, Semdeg ki veRarasodes SeZleb mis ukan dabrunebas!

11 da ganadgurda misi mosavali, mere xelebis fSvneta daiwyo iq gaRebuli jafis da Calewili vazis fanCaturis gamo, da ambobda: „neta aravin gamexada Tanaziari Cemi RmerTisTviso!“

12 mas allahis garda aravin hyavda, rom daxmareboda. xolo Tavad verafers gaxdeboda.

13 swored iq WeSmaritad allahs ekuTvnis Sewevna. swored igia yvelaze kargi sazRaurisa da yvelaze mSvenieri aRsasrulis momniWebel!

amqveyniuri bednierebis garda saiqio bednierebas vinc eZiebs da misTvis zrunavs, is aseT mdgomareobaSi ar Cavardeba. isini xom yvelafers, rasac akeTeben, mxolod da mxolod diadi RmerTis kmayofilebis mopovebis mizniT akeTeben.

1. “da siamovnebiT apureben upovrebs, oblebs da tyveebs.

2. Cven mxolod allahis kmayofilebis surviliT gapurebT Tqven, Cven ar gvsurs Tqvengan sazRauri da arc madloba. (sura insan 8-9)

aseT adamianebs sjeraT, rom yovelgvari qonebis namdvili patroni mxolod RmerTia, amitom sxvaTa winaSe Tavmosawoneblad qonebas arasodes gamoiyeneben.

samwuxarod, unda vaRiaroT, rom dRes fufunebis, siluqsisa da sxvaTa mosaCveneblad xarjvis magaliTebi yovel fexis nabijze gvxvdeba. isev iyreba sakvebi produqtebi, axali tanisamosi da aveji. marTaven iseT qorwilebs, sadac yvelaferi zRvarsgadasulia. arada aseTi zRvarsgadasuloba aramarto adamianis sulier mdgomareobas akninebs, aramed is materialuradac safrTxis Semcvelia. warmogidgenT im safrTxeebs, rac SeiZleba zRvarsgadasulobam gamoiwvios:

zRvarsgadasuloba, zedmeti xarjva, saqonelisa da fulis flangva adamianebs materialur problemebs uqadis. ferxdeba ekonomikis ganviTareba da analogiurad gadadis sxva sferoebzec. fufunebis sagnebi ZiriTadad sazRvargareTidan Semodis, rac import-eqsportis balansis darRvevas uwyobs xels da amvdroulad xdeba valutis gadineba.

saCveneblad, pompezur da luqs cxovrebas vinc eweva sazogadoebis Raribi fenis Sursa da ukmayofilebas iwvevs, rac saboloo jamSi sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da harmoniisaTvis safrTxis Semcvelia.

zogierTi mdidari adamiani cdilobs sakuTari Tavi sazogadoebis sxva fenisgan gancalkevebulad daayenos da socialuri statusiT maRla dadges. swored amis gamosaxatavad xarjavs saWiroze mets. amas uyureben sxvebic da uCndeba mimbaZvelebi. bunebrivia yovelTvis amis SesaZlebloba adamianebs ar gaaCniaT, amitom fulis swrafad saSovnelad mimarTaven aralegitimur gzebs da midian kriminalze. es ki aferxebs sazogadoebis simSVides da mis ganviTarebas. xSirdeba azartuli TamaSebis, qurdobis, yaCaRobis da sxva sazogadoebisTvsi saSiSi movlenebis SemTxvevebi.

ganviTarebadi qveynebis mdidari adamianebi ganviTarebuli qveyynebis mdidrebs baZaven da nacvlad imisa, rom investiciebi ganaxorcielon da qveyena ganaviTaron fuls fufunebasa da usargeblo danaxarjebSi flangaven. mTeli maTi mogeba midis fufunebis sagnebSi an glamuruli cxovrebis yoveldRiur movlenebSi da ara warmoebasa da axali samuSao adgilebis SeqmnaSi. amrigad, zRvarsgadasuloba uaryofiTad moqmedebs mTeli qveynis winsvlasa da ganviTarebaze.

mokled, zRvarsgadasuloba islamisTvis miuRebelia. amitom fulis xarjvis mizani unda iyos saWiroebebis dakmayofileba da ara sxvaTa TvalSi gansxvavebuli imijis moxveWa. fulis xarjvis procesi unda eqvemdebarebodes ekonomikis, logikisa da moTxovnilebebis wesebs. garda amisa, sasurvelia xarjvisas SevxedoT ara ufro mdidrebs, aramed Cvenze ufro Raribebs, rac kargi magaliTi iqneba maTTvisac.

6. simdidris Sedegad gaampartavneba

arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac mdidari adamiani gaamaydeba, gaampartavndeba, sxvebs maRlidan dauwyebs yurebas da sakuTar Tavs gacilebiT metis uflebas aZlevs, vidre es sinamdvileSi unda iyos.

yuranis mixedviT sazogadoebis simSvidis dakargvas da sayovelTao areulobas misi erTi nawilis zRvarsgadasuloba iwvevs. yuranSi saubaria RvTis uxvi wyalobiT gaampartavnebuli adamianebis Sesaxeb.

“ramdeni dasaxleba gavanadgureT maTi zRvargadasuli fufunebidan gamomdinare! ai, maTi saxlebi, sadac aravin dasaxlebula maT Semdgom, mciredis garda. Cven vimemkvidreT yvela.” (sura yassas 58)

yuranis mixedviT RmerTs ar uyvars is adamianebi, romlebic mis mier boZebuli wyalobis gamo gaampartavndnen.

“„nu gaTamamdebi, rameTu allahs ar uyvars medidurni! (sura yassas 76)

simdidris gamo gamedidureba da sakuTari Tavis sxevbze maRla dayeneba Raribebis ufro metad gaubedurebas gamoiwvevs. amasTanave, adamiani xdeba egoisti da sxvaTa mimarT gulgrili.

yuranis aiaTebSi naTladaa miTiTebuli, rom zRvarsgadasuloba iwvevs sazogadoebrivi wesrigis rRvevas da ganadgurebas uqadis mas.

amitom adamiani ar unda gaTamamdes, roca mas amqveyniuri wyaloba uxvad mieniWeba. is unda iyos Tavmdabali da mudmivad madlieri imisa, rac eboZa.

7. ara Zunwoba, aramed xelgaSliloba

saqonelisa da fulis umiznod xarjva zRvarsgadasulobaa, xolo miznis mixedviT dauxarjavoba da Senaxva -siZunwe. miznobrivad da sworad xarjvas ki xelgaSliloba ewodeba. sxvanairad rom ganvmartoT, siZunwe aris fulisa da saqonlis gamouyenebloba, roca es saWiroa da roca amis saSualeba arsebobs.

siZunwis mizezebi SeiZleba iyos sakuTari survilebisadmi Zlieri damokidebuleba, egoizmi, aseve ampartavneba, qonebis siyvaruli, momavalSi gaWirvebaSi Cavardnis SiSi da sxva msgavsi cudi zne-Cveulebebi.

islamis mixedviT akrZalulia rogorc zRvarsgadasuloba, ise siZunwec, radgan RmerTis mier boZebuli wyalobis sakuTari Tavis, ojaxis wevrebis, an sxva adamianebisTvis gaumetebloba miuRebelia da es ekonomikasac sakmaod aferxebs.

gamomdinare aqedan, islami zogierTi tipis danaxarjis gaRebas pirdapir gvavalebs, magaliTad, rogoricaa zeqaTi. amiT gvaxsenebs, rom sxva adamianebis mimarT garkveuli valdebulebebi da pasuxismgebloba gagvaCnia. swored aseTi movaleobaa ojaxis wevrebis mimarT mzrunveloba, maTi rCena da maTi dacva. aseve Cveni movaleobaa axloblebis, megobrebis da sxvaTa mimarT mzrunvelobis gamoCena.

visac saSualeba gaaCnia da RmerTis mier boZebul sarCosa da fuls saWiro dros ar xarjavs, borotebas sCadis rogorc sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis wevrebis mimarT, ise mis garSemo sxva adamianebis mimarTac, radgan im simdidreSi, rac mas RmerTma uboZa sxva adamainebsac aqvT TavianTi wili. (ix. mearij 24-25). es wili ki TavianT patronebs unda mieceT.

yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“da nu egonebaT imaT, romelnic Zunwni arian allahis naboZebi mowyalebis gaRebisas, rom es sikeTea (kargia) maTTvis. aramc da aramc! es uaresia (cudia) maTTvis. rac enanebodaT,is SemoexvevaT (waeWirebaT) yelze aRdgomis dRes; da allahisaa memkvidreoba caTa da qveynis, da allahi uwyis, rasac akeTebT!(sura ali ‘imran 180)

aRniSnul aiaTSi naTladaa ganmartebuli, rom Zunwebs maTi qoneba sikeTes ar moutans da is sajelad gadaeqcevaT, rogorc amqveynad, ise saiqioSi.

Suamavali brZanebda, rom morwmunes ar SeiZleboda hqonoda ori cudi Tviseba: siZunwe da cudi zne. amiT is adasturebda, rom morwmune adamiani arc Zunwi unda yofiliyo da arc cudi znis patroni. sxva hadisSi ki weria: “yovel dilas cidan ori angelozi Camodis. amaTgan erTi RmerTs sTxovs, rom daajildovos is, vinc ojaxs arCens, xolo meore angelozi sTxovs RmerTs, waarTvas qoneba Zunws.” (buhari, zeqaT, 27)

Suamavali aseve brZanebda: “ar iyoT Zunwebi, radgan Tqvenamdeli xalxebi swored siZunwis gamo gadaekidnen erTmaneTs da ganadgurdnen.” (muslim, birr, 56)

am hadisiT naCvenebia Tu ra socialuri problemebi SeiZleba gamoiwvios siZunwem. mdidrebma rom TavianTi fuli qvelmoqmedebaSI ar gamoiyenon, sxvebs ar daexmaron, amiT isini Raribi fenisgan ukidures siZulvilsa da brazs moimkian. amrigan sazogadoebis simSvide dairRveva. arada mdidarmac da Raribmac rom sworad moiqcnen da TavianTi pasuxismgebloba igrZnon, ase ar moxdeba. mdidarma unda gasces Tavisi qonebis nawili da amgvari valisgan gaTavisufldes, xolo Raribma unda daufasos maT es mzrunveloba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebrivi simSvidis SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli gaxdeba.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom siZunwis grZnobis mTlianad gaqroba SeuZlebelia, radgan siZunwe adamianis bunebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am WeSmaritebas adasturebs isras suras me-100 aiaTi. amitom umjobesia am grZnobis gakontrolebaze zrunva.

“uTxari: „Tqven rom Cemi uflis mowyalebis saganZurs flobdeT, mainc iZunwebdiT gaRatakebis SiSiT, rameTu adamiani Zunwia!“

xelgaSlilobas rac Seexeba, es aris zomierebisa da legitimurobis CarCoebSi, SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT sxvebze uangarod daxmareba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, xelgaSliloba zRvarsgadasulobasa da siZunwes Soris myofi ramaa. am or ukiduresobas Soris oqros Sualedi. yurani mouwodebs morwmuneebs, rom am orive ukiduresobas moeridon da zomiereba gamoiCinon. (ix. sura isra 29, sura furyani 67)

Suamavali xelgaSlili adamianebis mimarT brZanebda: “xelgaSlili adamiani RmerTTan axlosaa. is adamianebTan axlosaa. is samoTxesTan axlosaa da jojoxeTisgan Sors dgas. Zunwi adamiani RmerTisgan, adamianebisgan, samoTxisgan Sorsaa da jojoxeTTan ki axlos.” (Tirmizi, birr 40)

mokled rom vTqvaT, is adamianebi, romlebic siZunwis klanWebs Tavs daaRweven da xelgaSlili gaxdebian, gadarCebian. (ix. sura haSri 9, sura TeRabuni 16) RmerTs uyvars xelgaSlilni da sZuls Zunwebi. Zunwi iviwyebs, rom yvela im fulis da qonebis namdvili patroni da mboZebeli RmerTia. Sesabamisad is arc gaWirvebulebs gaikiTxavs da ar daexmareba.

amrigad, morwmune adamiani Zunwi ar unda iyos da Tavisi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi, zRvarsgadasulobis gareSe fuli unda moaxmaros jer sakuTar ojaxs da amasTanave daexmaros Rarib adamianebs. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“imiT, rac allahma giboZa, iswrafe saiqio samyofelisken, da ar daiviwyo Seni wili dedamiwaze. sikeTe akeTe iseTive, rogoric allahma mogmadla da ar gaavrcelo ukeTuroba qveynad, rameTu allahs ar uyvars ukeTurni! (sura yassas 77)

8. xarjvisas zomierebis dacva

islami fulis dagrovebaze metad misi gamoyenebisken mogviwodebs. Tumca is gmobs rogorc zRvarsgadasul xarjvas, ise siZunwemde misul momWirneobas. RmerTma yvelaferi zomierebis farglebSi gaaCina da Sesabamisad yvelaferi, maT Soris xarjvac zomierebis farglebSi unda iyos. (ix. sura yamer 49)

yuranSi nabrZanebia:

“xolo romelnic, roca Semowirulobas gascemen, arc flangaven da arc Zunwoben, saSualos irCeven maT Soris,” (sura furyani, 67)

“da nu iqnebi xelmomWirne da nurc gaSli mas bolomde , Torem imedgacruebuli, gaRatakebuli darCebi!” (sura isra 29)

igive suras 26-e da 27-e aiaTebSi RmerTi xarjvisas zomierebisken mogviwodebs:

“da mieci misi kuTvnili naTesavs, Rataksa da mgzavrs! magram gadaWarbebulad ar gaflango!

ueWvelad, mflangvelebi eSmakis Zmebi arian, xolo eSmaki umaduria Tavisi RmerTis winaSe.”

xarjvisas ekonomiurobis da zomierebis dacva Semdeg aiaTebSicaa nabrZanebi. RmerTis mier naboZebi wyalobis zomierebis principis darRvevis gareSe, legitimur CarCoebSi daxarjva misaRebi da sasurvelia:

“hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! ar aikrZaloT siameni, romelzec allahma neba mogcaT Tqven, magram ar gadaxvideT zRvars. ueWvelad, allahs ar uyvars zRvargadasulni.

da WameT rac ram giboZaT allahma nebadarTuli da saamo. geSinodeT allahisa, romlisaca mowameni xarT Tqven!” (sura maide 87-88)

rogorc aiaTidan Cens RmerTs surs Cvengan, rom mis mier boZebuli wyaloba zomierebis farglebSi movixmaroT. amasTanave is gvikrZalavs zRvarsgadasulobas da aseve zedmetad momWirneobas, rac siZunweSi gamoixateba.

islami mouwodebs adamianebs cxovrebis nebismier sferoSi da nebismieri sakiTxis mimarT iyon zomierebi da es exeba fulis xarjvasac. amitom naTlad aris miTiTebuli, rom miuRebelia zRvarsgadasuli xarjva da mflangveloba da aseve akrZalulia zRvarsgadasuli momWirneoba da siZunwe. amgvari ekonomiuri zomiereba xarjvasTan dakavSirebuli qcevis erT-erTi mTavari aucileblobaa. amgvari oqros Sualedis dacva adamianis cxovrebis erTgvari garantiaa.

Suamavali brZanebda: “vinc ekonomiurad xarjavs, Tavis rCena ar gauWirdeba”. (qenzul umma, 3, 49) TviTonac cxovrebis yvela sferoSi mokrZalebul da zomier damokidebulebas inarCunebda.

xarjvisas zomierebis sazomi halali da legitimuri saWroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis xarjvaa. am TvalsazrisiT adamianis mdgomareoba, adgili, dro da sxva pirobebis gansxvavebbul mdgomareobas warmoqmnis. am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT adamiani gonivrulad da zneobrivad unda moiqces.

II...da bolos

materialuri da sulieri wyaloba RmerTis mieraa naboZebi, amitom maTi gamoyenebisas gonivruloba da Sesabamisoba unda davicvaT. yovelma morwmunem unda gaiTvaliswinos arafas suras 27-e da isras suras 31-e aiaTebi, sadac nabrZanebia, rom RmerTs zRvarsgadasulni ar uyvars. RmerTis siyvarulis gareSe rom ar davrCeT da satanis megobrebad ar SeviqmnaT saWiroa yuradReba mivaqcioT aiaTebs da zomiereba davicvaT.

rac Seexeba haram gzebs, maT saerTod unda moveridoT da yovelgvari moxmarebisgan Tavi unda SevikavoT. halali racaa unda gamoviyenoT, SeviZinoT, magram aqac zmomierebaa saWiro. arc saWiroze naklebi da arc zedmeti ar unda mogvivides.

yovelgvari danaxarjis gaRebisa da vaWrobisas halals da harams yuradReba unda mieqces. raimis SeZenis dros mizani saWiroebis dakmayofileba unda iyos da ara fufuneba an sxvebis saCveneblad Tavis mowoneba.

xarjva Semosavlis mixedviT unda ganawildes da Semosavalze meti danaxarjisgan Tavi unda SevikavoT. es religiuris garda ekonomikis wesebis moTxovnilebacaa.

yvela is saqoneli da fuli, rac adamians gaaCnia ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom RmerTis wyalobaa. amitom monagebidan Raribebs da sxva saxis gaWirvebaSi cavardnil adamianebsac unda davexmaroT.

qoneba da fuli ise ar unda gamoviyenoT, rom sazogadoeba dazaraldes. Cveni mogebis mizniT adamianebis janmrTelobis, finansuri mdgomareobis, bunebaze zianis miyenebis da sxva msgavsi negatiuri Sedegebis momtani qcevebisgan Tavi unda SevikavoT.

yvela muslimma unda icodes, rom qonebis zRvarsgadasuli xarjva an zeqaTis msgavsi socialuri valdebulebis Seusrulebloba saiqioSi adamianis gankiTxvis sagani gaxdeba da amis gamo pasuxi moeTxoveba. (ix. sura Teqasuri 8)

es kidev erTi dasturia imisa, rom sazogadoebis da gaWirvebuli adamianebis mimarT valdebulebebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa.

mokled rom vTqvaT, Tu gvinda RmerTis siyvaruli davimsaxuroT da rogorc amqveynad, ise imqveynad bednierebi viyoT, islamis mier dadgenili principebiT unda vixelmZRvaneloT da es unda exebodes qonebis gankargvis sferosac. RmerTis mimarT Tayvaniscema da namdvili morwmuneoba gulisxmobs aramarto RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas, rogoricaa locva, zeqaTi, marxva, haji da sxva, ise sxva nebismieri saxis sasurveli da RvTiT dadgenili principebiT cxovrebas. islamis principebis mixedviT warmoeba da moxmarebac farTo gagebiT RvTismsaxurebad iTvleba.