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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
ლოქმან არსლანი

გამოცემისთვის მოამზადა
უღურ ალთინთოფი

ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 20.02.2019/25

ISBN: 978-605-7519-44-3
2019-06-Y-0003-1592
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2019

გამოცემა
Başak Mat. Tanı. Hiz. İth. İhr. Tic. Ltd. Şti.
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თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

winasityvaoba

adamiani sazogadoebis nawilia. erTian sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamianebi valdebulni arian icodnen individis uflebeba- movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT unda moqmedebdnen, raTa adamianTa Soris mSvidoba da bedniereba iqnas uzrunvelyofili. pasuxismgeblobis Segneba pirovnebam, upirveles yovlisa sakuTariT unda daiwyos. piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba visac gaaCnia, man ojaxisa da sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli pasuxismgeblobac icis da dakisrebul movaleobasac asrulebs.

„nuTu egona adamians, rom upasuxismgeblod iqneboda mitovebuli?“

sura yiameTis 36-e aiaTi migviTiTebs, rom adamiani pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli arsebaa.

„mere im dRes, aucileblad mogekiTxebaT, rac geboZaT!“

sura Teqasuris me-8 aiaTi ki gviCvenebs, rom adamians, upirveles yovlisa goneba da sxva mravali wyaloba eboZa da amis sapasuxod, garkveuli valdebulebebi daekisra, romelic SeZlebidagvarad unda Seasrulos.

sazogadoebis simSvides, umTavresad gaurkvevloba arRvevs, yvelas gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba, raTa adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi momavali SeviqmnaT. cxadia, rom dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi mravali gaurkveveli sakiTxi arsebobs.

dReisaTvis msoflio sazogadoebis momavals mravali safrTxe emuqreba. esenia: SimSli, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, bunebrivi katastrofebi, socialuri uTanasworoba, araTanabari pirobebi, zneobrivi dacemuloba, sulieri simdable, materialuri midrekilebebi, urwmunoeba, boroteba, arasakmarisad jansaRi garemo, gaurkvevloba ganaTlebisa da samarTlianobis sferoSi, istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebebis ganadgureba da sxva. garda amisa, am yvelafers emateba adamianebs Soris dialogis. tolerantobisa da Semwynareblobis Semcireba, gansxvavebuli azris devna da terori.

yvela es sakiTxi ara konkretuli regionis an erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed mTeli msoflios mosaxleoba raRac formiT, gaurkvevlobaSia Cafluli. am sakiTxebis mosagvarevlad ki xalxebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis qmediTi miRwevebis Ziebaa saWiro.

sinamdvileSi, umTavresi aris is, rom Cvens xelT arsebul Rirebulebebs ver vamCnevT da Sesabamisad am RirebulebebiT ar vcxovrobT. gamomdinare aqedan, jer es Rirebulebebi unda aRmovaCinoT da yoveldRiurobaSi davnergoT. ueWvelia, rom CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba islamia, romelic ramdenime aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gzas unaTebs.

dRes, adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mizniT SemuSavebuli, fsiqoTerapiis meTodebis qmediTunarianobisaTvis, ekologiuri problemebis, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis da sxva msgavsi gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg religiis mniSvneloba aSkaraa. islams gaaCnia saimiso SesaZlebloba, rom Tanamedrove gamowvevebs upasuxos. mas aqvs saimiso dinamika, raTa Tanamedrove msoflios axali formulirebebi SesTavazos.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni sarwmunoebis mier gadmocemuli brZanebebi da rCevebi, romlebic urTierTdaxmarebisa da tolerantobis principebis damkvidrebas uwyobs xels, yurad unda viRoT da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi kargad gaviazroT da cxovrebis Wiri da lxini erTad vzidoT. Cveni cxovrebis stili socialuri urTierTTanadgoma unda iyos da bednieri momavlisTvis yvelam erTad vibrZoloT.

Sesavali

qalis xsenebisas deda, qaliSvili, da, coli da ZiriTadad sazogadoebis erT-erTi individi gvaxsendeba da qalis rolic Sesabamis sferoebSia gadanawilebuli.

kacobriobis istoriaSi qalis statusma, sxva da sxva sazogadoebriv wyobilebaSi mravalgvari transformacia ganicada. zogadad, rogorc istoriuladaa miRebuli, qalis statusi kacobriobis winsvlasTan erTad „win midioda“. Sesabamisad qalis rolic aseve winsvlas ganicdida. arada amgvari zogadi ganmarteba, istoriis SigniT calke istoriis arsebobas ar gulisxmobs. ufro naTlad rom vTqvaT, istoriis procesSi calke epoqebi arsebobda.

istoriis procesSi calke epoqebis arseboba, istoriis procesSi gansxvavebuli cxovrebis stiliT macxovrebeli adamianTa jgufebis arsebobas gulisxmobs. istoriaSi qali, sxvadasxva geografiul erTeulebSi da zogjer erTi da imave geografiul teritoriaze gansxvavebul socialur datvirTvas ganicdida da Sesabamisad gansxvavebuli rolis Sesruleba uwevda. qali warsulSi iyo diasaxlisi, muSa, romelic Tesda da imkida, vaWari da dedofali. es yvelaferi misi rolis mravalferovnebaze miuTiTebs. dResac, qali, diasaxlisobidan dawyebuli saxelmwifos meTaurobamde, sxvadasxva ekonomikur da socialur rols asrulebs.

cxadia, rom zogadad qali dRes socialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi ufro aqtiuradaa CarTuli da saqmianobis sferoSi qalma itvirTa iseTi roli, rac tradiciul sazogadoebaSi mamakacis saqmed iTvleba. Sesabamisad qalis roli areali ufro da ufro gafarTovda. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom es ukanaskneli sazogadoebis yvela jgufze ar aris vrceldeba.

qalis problemebi umeteswilad damokidebulia im socialur da kulturul garemoze, romelSic isini cxovroben, amitom maTi problemebi gansxvavebulia. magaliTad, sofelSi mcxovreb, yanaSi momuSave qalebsa da qalaqSi, ofisSi momuSave qalebs sxvadasxvanairi problemebi aqvT. amitom, am tipis problemebis mogvarebisaTvis gansxvavebuli gzebis Ziebaa saWiro.

yovel sazogadoebriv jgufSi da kulturaSi qalis da mamakacis rolebs sazogadoebrivi garemo ayalibebs. es rolebi mxolod qalis da mamakacis rolebis saxiT, ase zogadad ar aris gansazRvruli. am rolebs gaaCniaT ufro siRrmiseuli makonkretebeli Taviseburebebi, rogoricaa gogona, ymawvili, rZali, siZe, dedamTili, mamamTili, sidedri, simamri da msgavsi Sida sazogadoebrivi statusebi. yoveli aseT sazogadoebrivi klasifikacia sul mcire miRebuli unda iqnas, rogorc „moqmedi“.

sazogadoebrivi wyobis formirebisa da sicocxlisunarionobis TvalsazrisiT erTiani efeqti gaaCniaT ekonimikur, politikur, religiur da tradiciul faqtorebs.

sazogadoebaSi qalis rolad miRebuli funqciebis gansazRvrisas sazogadoebis maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro. amasTanave, qalis da mamakacis rolebis gadanawilebisas sxva sazogadoebrivi jgufebidan komunikaciis saxiT gadmocemuli faqtorebic unda gaviTvaliswinoT. bunebrivia arcerTi sazogadoebrivi jgufi Caketili sivrce ar aris da is metnaklebad kontaqturia. tradiciebi, ena, sarwmunoeba, kultura da sxva msgavsi faqtorebi droTa ganmavlobaSi axali xedvebis Sesabamisad icvleba da Sesabamisad cvlis sazogadoebasac. gamomdinare aqedan, raoden dinamiuricaa tradiciebi, ena, sarwmunoeba, kultura da sxva msgavsi faqtorebi, imdenad cvalebadia qalis da mamakacis rolebic.

bolo ori aswleulis manZilze, e.w. civilizaciis epoqaSi, qalis da mamakacis rolebis Tema kamaTis da polemikis sagani gaxda. e.w. civilizaciis momxreebi amtkiceben, rom aucilebelia dasavluri Rirebulebebis danergva da am procesSi qalis da zogadad ojaxis problemebs, tradiciebs da religias abraleben. meore mxare ki, romelsac tradiciis damcvelebs vuwodebT, TavianTi mxriv cdiloben qalis da zogadad ojaxis problemebi dasavlur Rirebulebebs daabralon. Sesabamisad zogi moazrovne miiCnevs, rom problemis saTave dasavluri Rirebulebebis Semodinebaa, xolo meore mxare miiCnevs, rom problemebis saTave tradiciebisadmi gadaWarbebul damokidebulebaSia.

tradiciulobis da Tanamedroveobis zusti analizis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi problema maTi, urTierTsapirispiro movlenebad miCnevaa. ufro naTlad rom vTqvaT, problema im Teoriis aRiarebaa, romelic am ori movlenis, Tanamedroveobisa da tradiciulobis kategoriulad winaaRmdegobaSi mosvlas gulisxmobs. arada, modernizaciis mwvervalze myofi adamiani, im SemTxvevebSic ki, roca amtkicebs, rom is tradiciebis winaaRmdegia, sinamdvileSi mainc tradiciebis SigniTaa.

imis mtkiceba, rom tradicia mudmivad winaaRmdegia modernizaciis da es yovelTvis asea, usafuZvloa. tradicia Tavis mxriv mudmiv ganaxlebas saWiroebs, rom tradiciad darCes. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, tradicia mudmivad dinamiuri movlenaa. Tumca, tradiciis dinamikuroba zog xalxSi nela, xolo zogSi SeiZleba ufro swrafad vlindebodes. amrigad, am ori movlenis, tradiciulobis da Tanamedroveobis institucionalizaciis procesSi, maTi, rogorc kategoriulad urTierTsapirispiro movlenebad ganxilvis masazrdoebeli mosazreba garkveuli TvalsazrisiT problematuria.

am dros, roca religia modernizaciis mimdevrebis mxridan damnaSave faqtorad moiazreba, sinamdvileSi religia, am klimatSi, rasac tradicia da Tanamedroveoba qmnian arcerT mxares ar miekuTvneba. religia da is Rirebulebebi, romlebic saTaves religiisgan iReben tradiciis formirebaSi TavianT wvlils deben da zogjer akritikeben da winaaRmdegobaSic ki modian maTTan. amavdroulad, religia warmoadgens Tanamedrovis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas. amrigad is asrulebs sarkis funqcias, romelic axals, Zvelis alternativad warmoaCens. mosazreba, romelic amtkicebs, rom religia Tanamedroveobis winaaRmdegia, swored imitom warmoiqmna, rom mavanni religiis im Tvisebas ver xedaven, romelic mis mier axali ganmartebebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobebs gulisxmobs. sinamdvileSi religia safuZvelSve ebrZvis uniadago tradiciebs. am TvalsazrisiT religia tradiciasa da Tanamedroveobaze maRla dgas. religia da is Rirebulebebi, romlebic religiisgan momdinareobs, erTis mxriv tradiciulis, xolo meores mxriv Tanamedrovis warmoSobas uwyobs xels da amrigad, warsulisa da momavlis Sexvedris wertilSi qmnis awmyos.

ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi qalis rolis sakiTxze tradiciis damcvelebsa da modernizaciis momxreebs Soris sakmaod mwvave kamaTia. erTis mxriv mimdinareobs kamaTi, xolo meores mxriv regulirdeba Sesabamis kanonmdebloba, romelic qalTa ganaTlebas, aRzrdas, socialur da politukur sferoSi CarTulobas uzrunvelyofs. axla ki warmogidgenT qalis statusis droTa ganmavlobaSi cvalebadobas, TurqeTis da winamorbedi osmaleTis magaliTze.

1843 wels qalebs ufleba miecaT samedicino saswavlebelSi ginekologis profesia SeeswavlaT. 1847 wels gamoica kanoni, romelic vaJiSvilsa da qaliSvils memkvidreobis Tanabar uflebas aniWebda. 1856 wels monebisa da mxevlebis yidva-gayidva aikrZala. 1858 wels gamoica kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac vaJiSvilebs da qaliSilebs miwis memkvidreobis sakiTxSi Tanabari uflebebi hqondaT.

amrigad qalebs pirvelad miecaT memkvidreobis gziT sakuTrebis ufleba. 1858 wels gaixsna pirveli gogonaTa skola. 1869 wels gamoica pirveli Jurnali qalebisTvis, romelic kviraSi erTxel gamodioda. 1869 wels gamoica kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac gogonebis swavla-ganaTleba savaldebulo gaxda. 1870 wels gaixsna pirveli skola qali maswavleblebisaTvis. 1871 wels osmaleTis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT dadginda, rom qorwineba oficialuri moxelis winaSe unda gaformebuliyo da amasTanave dadginda qorwinebis minimaluri asaki, romelic vaJiSvilebis SemTxvevaSi 18 xolo gogonebis SemTxvevaSi 17 wliT ganisazRvra. 1876 wels gamoica adamianTa ZiriTadi uflebebi. 1897 wels qalebs ufleba miecaT jamagiriT emuSavaT. 1913 wels qalebi pirvelad iwyeben samsaxurs saxelmwifo struqturebSi. 1914 wels gogonebisTvis pirveli umaRlesi saswavlebeli gaixsna. 1926 wlis 17 Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida samoqalaqo kanoni. am kanoniT qalebs mieniWaT Tavdebobis da sakuTari qonebis gankargvis ufleba. 1930 wels qalebs ufleba mieniWaT monawileoba mieRoT meriis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebSi. 1934 wlis 5 dekembris gadawyvetilebiT qalebs arCevnebSi kandidatad wardgenisa da xmis micemis ufleba mieniWaT.

dReisaTvis ki cnobilia, rom qali cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoebSi, politika iqneba es Tu ekonomika, socialuri Tu kulturuli sfero ufro da ufro aqtiurad ebmeba da Tan warmatebiTac. es mdgomareoba qalis da mamakacis saojaxo rolebs metnaklebad cvlis. swored es igulisxmeboda qalis da mamakacis rolebis dinamiurobaSi. isini mudmivad cvalebadia.

qali, rogorc pirovneba

fsiqologiuri terminis ganmartebis mixedviT, pirovneba es aris sazogadoebis Semadgeneli nawili, romelsac sxva adamianebis msgavs TvisebebTan erTad mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi gaaCnia da amiT aris gamorCeuli. sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT ki pirovneba, individi aris adamiani, romelic qmnis sazogadoebas da romelic Tavis mosazrebebs, grZnobebs da nebasurvilebs sazogadoebis winaSe waradgens.

islamis mixedviT, yoveli adamiani Tavisi rwmenis, qcevebisa da RvTismsaxurebis sakiTxebSi mxolod Tavad agebs pasuxs. Sesabamisad, am TvalsazrisiT yoveli adamiani pirovnebaa, individia. adamiani Tavis arCevanSi Tavisufalia da arCevanis Sesabamisi Sedegis miRebazec unda aiRos pasuxismgebloba.

yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„vinc sikeTe hqmna kacTagan Tu qalTagan da igi morwmunea, maSin, uTuod, mas tkbili cxovrebiT vacxovrebT da uTuod mivagebT maT TavianT sazRaurs ufro ukeTesiT, rac ukeTebiaT!“ (nahl 16/97)

„maTma RmerTma ismina maTi vedrebani: „ueWvelad, me ar davukargav naRvaws, vinc iRvawa Tqvengan, kacsa Tu qals, erTmaneTisagan xarT Tqven . xolo isini, romelnic gadaixvewnen da ganidevnen TavianTi saxlebidan da iyvnen wamebulni Cems gzaze, ibrZodnen da ixocebodnen, uTuod, davfarav (vapatieb) av saqmeebs maTsas da uTuod, samoTxeebSi Seviyvan, sadac Zirs mdinareebi moedineba jildod allahisgan, da saukeTeso jildo allahTanaa.“ (ali imran 3/195)

termins „individi“ zogjer egoizmTan asocirebul terminebTan akavSireben. sinamdvileSi ki, islamis zneobrivi principebis mixedviT individualizms egoizmTan kavSiri ar gaaCnia. islamis mixedviT sasurvelia iseTi sazogadoebis Seqmna, sadac yvela adamiani, qali iqneba Tu kaci garemocvis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis matarebelia. islamis zneobrivi principebis mixedviT mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis cxovreba miuRebelia da amasTanave sasurvelia morwmunem gasces sasurveli qonebidan nawili. garda amisa, islmSi miuRebelia rogorc egoizmi, ise Tavmomwoneoba da ampartavneba.

cnobierebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli individualizmi islamis zneobrivi gagebis sapirispiro ar gaxlavT. cnobierebis ganviTarebis mxolod TavisTavSi ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia. adamianma sakuTari Tavi samyaroTan mimarTebaSi unda gaacnobieros. islamis mixedviT adamianma unda icodes sakuTari Tavi, samyaro da sxva arsebebi. man unda icodes, rom am erT mTlinobaSi cxovrobs. Sesabamisad qali da mamakaci am erTi mTlianobis nawilebi arian. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi qali da kaci erTimeoris mimarT pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli megobrebi da Zmebi arian.

„morwmune kacebi da morwmune qalebi erTmaneTis damxmareni arian. ubrZaneben erTmaneTs sikeTes da ukrZalaven ukeTurobas, aRavlenen locvas,“ (Tevbe 9/71)

amitom, sasurvelia adamianebi erTimeoris mimarT grZnobdnen pasuxismgeblobas da zogadad garemos mimarT iyon mgrZnobiareni. isalmis mowodebis Sesabamisad adamiani valdebulia mezoblis gasaWiri gaiziaros, avadmyofi moinaxulos da sxva. amrigad, es yvelaferi mniSnelovani gzavnilia socialuri cxovrebis normalizebis procesSi. am gadmosaxedidan ki qalis da mamakacis individualizmis egoizmad aRqma uadgiloa.

yuranSi, morwmune qalebi da mamakacebi rwmenis, zneobis da RvTismsaxurebis sakiTxebSi erTad arian naxsenebi. garda amisa isini erTad moixseniebian socialuri da ekonomiuri sferoebis ganmartebisas.

„ueWvelad, muslimi kacebisa da qalebisaTvis, morwmune kacebisa da qalebisaTvis, morCili kacebisa da qalebisTvis, marTali kacebisa da qalebisTvis, momTmeni kacebisa da qalebisTvis, Tavmdabali kacebisa da qalebisTvis, mowyalebis gamcemi kacebisa da qalebisTvis, momarxule kacebisa da qalebisTvis. umankoebis Semnaxveli kacebisa da qalebisTvis, allahis xSirad momxsenebeli kacebisa da qalebisTvis, allahma gaamzada maTTvis patieba da udidesi sazRauri!“ (ahzab 33/35)

RvTiuri gzavnilis mixedviT qalebsac ekisrebaT valebuleba sakuTari qonebis nawilis sazogadoebis sargeblobis mizniT gaRebisa. garda amisa maTac evalebaT mowyalebis gaReba, gaWirvebulTa daxmareba, RmerTis mimarT pativiscema, simarTlis laparaki da kargi qceva. es gzavnili naTeli magaliTia imisa, rom qalic da kacic Tanabrad arian pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli.

Tanamedrove epoqaSi adamiani aris Tavisufali da amvdroulad is atarebs garkveul pasuxismgeblobas. qalis da mamakacis pirovnebis gageba maT mier maTive Tavisuflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis gaazrebas gulisxmobs. Tavisuflebis gagebam upasuxismgebloba, xolo pasuxismgeblobam tyveoba ar unda warmoqmnas.

crurwmenebi qaliSvilebis winaaRmdeg

tradiciidan gamomdinare gvaris gamagrZelebeli vaJiSvilia, amitom mravali ojaxi sul imis fiqrSia, rom vaJiSvili iyolios. rwmenas vaJiSvilis upiratesobis Sesaxeb, garda gvaris gagrZelebisa, garkveulwilad vaJiSvilis fizikuri siZlierec ganapirobebs. amitom vaJiSvilis yolas ufro met upiratesobas aniWeben, vidre qaliSilis. zogadad miRebulia, rom vaJiSvili mSoblebis siberis Jams ojaxis sulier da fizikur pasuxismgeblobas iRebs sakuTar Tavze. qaliSvili ki iseT arsebad aRiqmeba, romlis Rirsebis dacva ojaxis mamakacebs evalebaT. am yvelafridan gamomdinare qalsa da mamakacs Soris zneobrivi Sefasebisas gansxvaveba SeiniSneba. zogierTi qceva, romelic biWebisTvis sircxvilad an codvad ar iTvleba, gogonebisTvis sircxviladac iTvleba da codvadac. amgvari moraluri gansxvavebuloba gogonebs moraluri mxridan sust da dacvis saWiroebis mqone arsebebis mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. Sesabamisad mraval ojaxSia amgvari tendencia, romlis mixedviTac vaJiSvils qaliSvilTan SedarebiT upiratesoba eniWeba.

amgvari tendencia, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibda da gaZlierda, erT ZiriTad princips yuradRebis gareSe tovebs. sakiTxi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom qaliSvilic da vaJiSvilic movaleobebs da pasuxismgeblobebs ojaxisa da garemosgan swavlobs. biWic da gogoc sazogadoebis mier Seqmnili sqesobrivi CarCoebis mixedviT izrdebian da maTi rolebic Sesabamisad gadanawildeba xolme. amrigad, droTa ganmavlobaSi es tendencia gaZlierda da bunebrivia sxvagvarad fiqris saSualebas naklebad iZleva.

qaliSvilis, rogorc arasasurvel an vaJiSvilTan SedarebiT naklebad sasurvel Svilad CaTvla, rogorc tendencia, Tavad sazogadoebaSi Camoyalibebuli ganaCenia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebis moxucebulobis Jams qaliSvilebi vaJiSvilebTan SedarebiT ufro pativiscemiT da yuradRebiT eqcevian mSoblebs, mSoblebi mainc vaJiSvilebs aniWeben upiratesobas da isini, moxucebulobis Jams erTgvar garantiad miaCniaT. ganaTlebis mxriv vaJiSvilebze ufro meti yuradRebis miqceva da maTi ise aRzrda, rom momavalSi profesia hqondeT da ojaxis rCena SeZlon zemoT xsenebul tendencias ufro aZlierebs. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo dros gogonebis swavlisa da

dasaqmebis tendenciebi vaJebisas uTanabrdeba. amrigad, qalebsac ukve SeeZlebaT ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebi moipovon da Sesabamisad ojaxis rCenaSic miiReben monawileobas, es ki maTi rolebis xelaxal gadanawilebas gamoiwvevs. siberis Jams romeli Svili ufro gamosadegi da sando iqneba, gogo iqneba is Tu biWi, amas mxoldo dro gviCvenebs. mSoblebis mier qaliSvilebis da vaJiSvilebis Tanasworad aRzrda da maTTvis SeZlebisdagvarad ganaTlebis Tanabrad micema, momavalSi, maTgan mosalodneli sikeTis da Tanadgomis albaTobis Tanasworobas gamoiwvevs. amgvari qceva mSblebis mxirad Svilebisadmi Tanaswor da samarTlian moqcevas gamoxatavs.

namusis, zneobis da qcevebis mixedviT yuranSic da Suamavlis hadisebSic qalsac da kacsac Tanabari pasuxismgebloba akisriaT da am mxriv maT Soris gansxvaveba ar SeiniSneba. Sesabamisad, qalis da kacis mimarT sazogadoebaSi Camoyalibebuli gansxvavebuli midgomebi, namusis da zneobis mixedviT araTanabari kriteriumebi isev sazogadoebaSi aRmocenebuli tendenciebis maCvenebelia. magaliTad, yuranSi mruSobis da msgavsi uzneo saqcielis mimarT qalic da kacic ganusxvaveblad arian gafrTxilebuln-Segonebulni.

„meZavi qali da meZavi kaci - TiToeuli garozgeT asjer, ar SeibraloT isini allahis rjulisaTvis, Tu gwamT allahi da dRe ukanaskneli! maTi dasjis mowme iyos morwmuneTa erTi jgufi.

meZavi kaci ver daqorwindeba Tu ar meZav qalze an warmarTze, xolo meZavi qali ver gaTxovdes, Tu ara meZav kacze an warmarTze. morwmuneebs ki es aekrZalaT ! „ (nur/ 2, 3,) ix. nur 26)

ojaxis gvars mamis da dedis SeuRlebis Sedegad gaCenili Svilebi agrZeleben. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ojaxis gvars agrZeleben rogorc vaJiSvilebi, ise qaliSvilebi.

garda amisa, islami qaliSvilebsa da vaJiSvilebs Soris SerCeviT damokidebulebas krZalavs. yuranSi RmerTi brZanebs, rom misi nebisamebr gveboZeba qaliSili an vaJiSvili.

„allahisaa meufeba caTa da qveynis. aCens, inebebs rasac; sCuqnis asulebs, inebebs visac da sCuqnis Zeebs, inebebs visac;

an adgens maT wyvilebad, mamrebad da mdedrebad. xolo adgens unayofod, inebebs visac. ueWvelad, igi yovlismcodnea, yovlisSemZlea!“ (Suara 42/49-50)

yurani mkacrad afrTxilebs im mSobels, romelic qaliSvilis gaCenis gamo gabrazda. yuranis brZanebiT aseve gauqmda umecrebis xanaSi asrebuli despoturi wesi, romlis mixedviTac axaldabadebul qaliSvilebs cocxlad miwaSi marxavdnen.

„da roca cocxlad damarxul gogos hkiTxaven:

Tu romeli codvisTvis moikla?“ (Teqvin 8-9)

„da roca axareben romelime maTgans imas, rasac isini mowyales miaweren, daefareba saxe Savad, sibrazis gamo.“ (zuhruf 17)

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arsebobs azri, romlis mixedviTac vaJiSvilebi ufro Zlierebi, gonierebi da gabedulebi arian, xolo qaliSvilebi sustebi, moridebulebi da mgrZnobiareni. amgvari damokidebuleba ki gogonebis unarebis da SesaZleblobebis gamovlinebas xels uSlis. amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gogonebi cxovrebas erTi nabijiT ukan iwyeben. amgvari uaryofiTi tendencia gogonebisTvis imis axsnas, rom isinic vaJiSvilebis Tanabari uflebiT sargebloben, xels uSlis. arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca gogonebis swavlas da ufro metic wera-kiTxvis codnasac zedmetad miiCneven. am gziT isini sruliad ganaTlebis gareSe rCebian. gamomdinare aqedan, am mdgomareobaSi myofi gogonebi mosalodneli cxovrebiseuli socialuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri gamowvevebis winaSe uZlurni rCebian.

bavSvobis periodSi tendenciuri midgomebis TanxlebiT aRzrdis SemTxvevaSi biWebisTvisac garkveuli negativi arsebobs. bavSvobidanve gogonebis da biWebis rolebis mkacri ganawileba, maTTvis, gansakuTrebiT zrdasrulobis asakSi garkveul problemebs qmnis. magaliTad, xSiria SemTxveva, roca zrdasruli mamakaci ojaxSi mimdinare higienur Tu kulinariul saWiroebebs marto ver ikmayofilebs da saamisod aucileblad sWirdeba meuRle, an deda an sxva vinme. es aris tipi mamakacisa, romlis Sesaxebac amboben „kvercxsac ver Seiwvavs“. aseTebi am mxriv mudmivad sxvebze arian damokidebulni.

islamis mixedviT mSoblebisTvis Svilebi erTgvari gamocdaa da am gamocdis procesSi mSoblebi valdebulni arian Svilebs Tanasworad moeqcnen. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom morwmune qalis da kacis amagi tyulad ar wava da saiqioSi maTi namoqmedaris mixedviT miezRvebaT sikeTe. (ix. ali imran 195, nisa 32, ahzab 35, mu’min 40hadid 12, Tevbe 72, nahl 97 da sxv)

mSoblebisTvis qaliSvilebi da vaJiSvilebi RmerTs mier boZebuli sixarulis wyaro arian da RmerTma isini mSblebs, rogorc amanaTi ise miabara. mSoblebis mxridan Svilebisadmi damokidebulebas maTi sqesi ar unda gansazRvravdes. maTgan romelime sqesis gamo sxva romelimis mimarT upiratesobiT ar unda sargeblobdes. amrigad, gogonebis swavlis, Sromisa da sxva cxovrebiseuli aqtivobebisgan CamoSoreba islamis ZiriTad safuZvlebs ar Seesabameba.

amrigad, ojaxSi mSoblebis mier vaJiSvilebis mimarT gaweuli sulieri da materialuri sikeTe Tu qaliSvilebis mimarTac iqna gaweuli, ojaxis SigniT samarTlianobis SegrZneba damkvidrdeba.

axali pasuxismgebloba da qali,

rogorc meuRle

qalis mimdinare cxovrebSi arsebuli problemebi gansakuTrebiT maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac is meuRlis movaleobis Sesrulebas iwyebs. qorwinebis uRelSi Sesuli qali xdeba rZali, meuRle, diasaxlisi, deda da sxva. amrigad is movaleobebis mTeli kaskadis garemocvaSi eqceva. bolo droindeli tendenciebis Tanaxmad qali ufro da ufro metad CarTulia ojaxisgare saqmianobaSi, Tumca sazogadoebaSi gabatonebuli azris Tanaxmad daqorwinebuli qalis valdebulebebi da pasuxismgebloba sakmaod Zlierad zRudavs mas. ra Tqma unda mamakacebic qorwinebis Semdeg mTel rig pasuxismgeblobas iReben, rogoricaa siZe, meuRle, mama da a.S. qalis rols da movaleobebs ojaxis saqmeebi, bavSvis gaCena da movlac emateba. amaTgan zogi qalis bunebrivi movaleobebia, Tumca es yvelaferi qalis movaleobebs mamakacis movaleobebTan SedarebiT ufro mets warmoaCens.

Tanamedrove cxovrebis wesidan gamomdinare qali metadaa CarTuli ojaxis gare saqmianobaSi da dRis ganmavlobaSi garkveul dros ojaxs gareT, samsaxurSi atarebs. aseT SemTvevaSi qali Tavis tradiciul rols garkveulwilad naklebad asrulebs. aseT dros bavSvebs sabavSvo baRSi agzavnian xolme, ris Sedegadac deda SedarebiT nakleb dros atarebs maTTan, rac SeiZleba negatiur momentad CavTvaloT. es mdgomareoba qalis winaSe axal pasuxismgeblobebs warmoSobs da Sesabamisad arsebuli pasuxismgeblobebis ricxvi iklebs. amrigad qali, qorwinebis Semdeg axal movaleobebs iRebs da cvlilebebs misTvis kidev axali movaleobebi moaqvs.

qalis da mamakacis qorwineba da rogorc meuRleebis erTad cxovreba, mravali kargis erTad mraval pasuxismgeblobas da movaleobebs warmoSobs. zogadad miRebulia, rom meuRleebs Soris konfliqti, umeteswilad, maT Soris Tanasworobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi warmoiqmneba. aq igulismxeba socialuri da materialuri mdgomareoba, ojaxuri mentaliteti, religiuri da tradiciuli Rirebulebebi, garegnulad Sesaferisoba da sxva. am CamoTvlili faqtorebis mixedviT meuRleebs Soris Tanasworoba an siaxlove Tu SeiniSneba, maSin maT Soris konfliqti SedarebiT naklebadaa mosalodneli da urTierTgagebis safuZveli Seqmnilia. meuRleebs Tu romeliRac sferoSi gansxvavebuli statusi da buneba gaaCniaT, nebismieri mizeziT konfliqtis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi urTierTSeTanxmeba Znelad miiRweva, rac urTierTobas daazianebs. es ki Tavis mxriv ojaxur problemebs CixSi Seiyvans.

islami gvirCevs, rom wyvilebs Soris Tanasworoba qorwinebamde iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli. gvariSvilobis, silamazis, simdidris da msgavsi Rirebulebebis moZebnamde, upirveles yovlisa islamis zneoba unda iqnas moZiebuli. wm. Suamavali brZanebs:

„ qalis SerTvisas oTxi ram SeiZleba gaiTvaliswinoT: simdidre, gvariSviloba, silamaze da sarwmunoeba. Sen morwmune arCie, raTa cxovreba sikeTiani gqondes.“

meuRleebs Soris Tanasworoba momavali ojaxis bednierebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. yuranSi meuRleebi erTiameoris samoselad arian naxsenebi:

„isini samoselia Tqveni da Tqven xarT samoseli maTi.“ (bayara 187)

aiaTSi naxsenebi „samoseli“ gulisxmobs, rom meuRleebi erTimeoris mimarT mudmivad siaxloves, gulmowyalebas, urTierTgagebas, samarTlianobas da siyvaruls unda iCendnen. wyvilebs Soris Tu aseTi damokidebulebaa, isini erTimeorisTvis „samoseli“ iqnebian.

qali, rodesac deda xdeba

rodesac qali deda xdeba misi ojaxSi, garemoSi da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli statusi da roli Seicvleba da sxva doneze Camoyalibdeba. rogorc islamis, ise tradiciebis mixedviT dedoba gansakuTrebuli da amaRlebuli mdgomareobaa.

yuranSi naTladaa miTiTebuli Tu rogor unda moveqceT mSoblebs da gansakuTrebiT dedas. es aramarto qcevas gvaswavlis, aramed migviTiTebs Tu ra statusi aqvT mSoblebs adamianis cxovrebaSi.

„da dagidgina Senma RmerTma, rom ar eTayvanoT aravis, garda misi da keTilad moeqceT mSoblebs. Tu mSobelTagan erT-erTi an orive miaRwevs siberemde, ar uTxra: „uh!“ da ar gauwyre maT da lamazi sityva uTxari!

da isini mfarvelobis qveS aiyvane lmobierebiTa da TavmdablobiT da Tqvi: RmerTo Cemo! pataraobisas rogorc gamzardes, ise Seiwyale eseni!“ (isra 23-24)

wm. Suamavali ki dedis Sesaxeb brZanebda: „samoTxe dedis fexTaqveSaa“. aqedan Cans, rom deda erT-erTi pirvelTagania, visac pativiscemiT unda movepyroT.

islami adamianebs qorwinebisken mouwodebs, Svilis yolas da gamravlebas iwonebs da dedobas ki ganamaRlebs. Tumca, qorwinebaS myof wyvils Tu Svili ar eyoleba es maTi ganqorwinebis mizezad ar aris miRebuli. uSviloba erTgvar gamocdadaa miRebuli. yuranis mixedviT Suamavlebs wm. zeqeriasa da wm. ibrahims didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Svili ar uCndebodaT da es maTTvis ganmartebulia, rogorc gamocda:

„aki, man Seevedra Tavis RmerTs RaRadiT saidumlod .

Tqva: „RmerTo Cemo! ueWvelad, Zvlebi gamomefita da Tavi gamiWaRaravda;da ar vyofilvar Sendami aRvlenili vedrebisas ubeduri.

da ueWvelad, me meSinia Cems Semdeg momavali axloblebis, rameTu Cemi coli unayofo Seiqmna; maS, me Svili maCuqe!

memkvidre iyos Cemi da memkvidre iaRyubis modgmis, hqmen igi, RmerTo Cemo, kmayofilad!“

„hei, zaqaria, ueWvelad, Cven gaxarebT Zes, romlis saxelicaa iahia. mis uwinares es saxeli aravis utarebia!“

Tqva: „RmerTo Cemo, rogor SeiZleba SemeZinos me Ze, roca Cemi coli ukve unayofoa da me ukiduresad mxcovani ?

uTxra: „swored ase brZana Senma RmerTma: „igi CemTvis iolia! Tavdapirveladac xom me gagaCine, roca araferi iyavi?“

upasuxa: „RmerTo Cemo! damidgine me niSani!“ uTxra: „Seni niSani is iqneba, rom ar daelaparako xalxs sami Ramis ganmavlobaSi , sruliad janmrTelma!“

amis Semdeg gamovida mihrabidan Tavis xalxTan da maT aniSna: „rom elocaT diliT da saRamos!“ (meriem 3-1. ix. hud 71-73, hijr 52-56)

dedoba qals garda imisa rom axal statuss sZens, aseve axal rols da movaleobebsac akisrebs. bavSvis bologiuri moTxovnilebebis garda, misi aRzrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis saWiro socialuri da fsiqologiuri moTxovnilebebi umeteswilad dedam unda uzrunvelyos. tradiciuli Rirebulebebis umetesoba adre bebia-babuas mxridan gadaecemoda SviliSilebs, dRes ki es procesi mSoblebis prerogativaa. adre, rogorc wesi ojaxi mravalricxovani iyo. bolo xanebSi ki ojaxi ZiriTadad mSoblebisa da maTi Svilebisgan Sedgeba. amdenad, bavSvis aRzrda, tradiciebis gacnoba, religiis Seswavleba mSoblebis movaleobebs Soris Sedis.

qalebis socialur da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi CarTulobam, maTi rogorc dedebis movaleobasTan dakavSrebuli sakamaTo sakiTxebi wamoswia wina planze. zogadad miiCneva, rom dasaqmebuli qalbatonebi dedis movaleobas sakmarisad veRar asruleben da amis gamo mravali qali samsaxursa da dedis movaleobas Soris erTgvari arCevanis winaSe dgas. „dedoba an samsaxuri“, xSirad es problema amdenad kategoriulad dgas xolme da qalebic xSirad am rTuli arCevanis winaSe dganan. arada dedoba da samsaxuri erTimeoris sawinaaRmdego alternativebi ar aris. kargi dedobis da kargi profesionali TanamSromlis sazomi romleime maTganisTvis didi drois daTmobiT ar ganisazRvreba. kargi deda da Tndac kargi TanamSromeli pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli da saqmis kargad Semsrulebelia. pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone, Tavisi saqmis mcodne mandilosani dedobasac da saqmesac sakmaris da efeqtur dros dauTmobs.

qali, rogorc Zaladobis obieqti da moZalade

qalebis problemebze saubrisas, upirveles yovlisa masze fizikurad ufro Zlieri mamakacis mxridan qalis mimarT da gansakuTrebiT ki colis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba gvaxsendeba. am pirveli „uxeSi Zalis“ garda qalis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas Zaladobis sxvadasxvagvari meTodebi. ZaladobaSi fizikuri Zaladobis garda sxva saxis, magaliTad fsiqologiuri Zaladobac igulisxmeba. sityvieri da fsiqologiuri Zaladoba gamoixateba jestiT, mimikiT, ginebiT, damamcirebeli sityvebiT da sxva. Zaladoba mxolod mamakacis mxridan qalze ganxorcielebuli qmedeba ar aris. es SeiZleba iyos mamakacis mxridan sxva mamakacis mimarT, an qalis mxridan sxva qalis mimarT, an orive maTganis mxridan bavSvebis mimarT da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi qali mxolod Zaladobis msxverpli ki ara SeiZleba Zaladobis avtoric iyos.

ojaxuri Zaladobis yvelaze TvalsaCino da advilad amosacnobi Zaladobis tipi fizikuri Zaladobaa. zogadad, Zlieris mxridan sustis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba, Zlieris Zlierebis gamovlineba ki ar aris, aramed ususurobisa da susti nebisyofis Sedegia. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, gonebrivad da sulierad Zlieri pirovnebebi urTierTobebSi gonivrulad iqcevian da fizikur Zalas ar mimarTaven.

meuRleebs Soris Zaladoba umeteswilad qorwinebis dasawyis xanebSi iCens Tavs da es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom meuRleebs xSirad surT erTimeoris winaSe upiratesobis damtkiceba da zegavlenis moxdena, rasac fiqroben, rom mTeli cxovreba SeinarCuneben. roca romelime mxare amas ver axerxebs da meuRlis marTvis sanukvar ocnebas ver ixdens, maSin sakuTar Tavs sustad miiCnevs da swored am ukanasknelis gadasafarad mimarTavs Zaladobas.

meuRleebs Soris sityvieri Zaladoba gamoixateba yviriliT, ginebiT, damcirebis gamomxatveli sityvebiT da a.S. aris Zaladobis saxe, roca erTi mxare meoris grZnobebze TamaSobs. magaliTad meore mxaris azris, survilebis da Txovnis arafrad Cagdeba da damcinavi damokidebuleba, mimikebiTa da JestebiT damcireba, rame legitimuri moTxovnebis akrZalva, rogoricaa axloblebis an mSoblebis monaxulebis akrZalva da sxva.

meuRleebs Soris Zaladobis gamovlinebas umeteswilad mizezad erTmaneTs Soris dialogis, rogorc gamosavlis gzis ugulebelyofa aqvs.

ojaxSi Zaladoba xSir SemTxvevaSi erTsqesianebs Sorisac vlindeba. magaliTad rZal-dedamTiliani xSirad konfliqtur siatuaciaSi arian da adgili aqvs Zaladobis gamovlinebas. es SeiZleba gamoxatuli iqnas sityvieri an sxva formis ZaladobiT. naTesauri urTierTobebis garda, qalebi xSirad mimarTavens romelime saxis Zaladobas sxva qalebis mimarT.

ojaxuri Zaladobis erT-erTi klasikuri magaliTi mSoblebis mier aRzrdis procesSi bavSvis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli Zaladobaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom mSobels Svili uyvars da mis mimarT gulmowyale damokidebuleba gaaCnia, xSir SemTxvevaSi nervebs veRar akontrolebs da Svilis mimarT Zaladobas gamoavlens. Tumca, amgvari nervebis ver gakontroleba sapatio mizezad ver CaiTvleba. umetes SemTxvevaSi mSoblebi Zaladobas maSin mimarTaven, roca maTi da Svilebis interesebi erTmaneTs kveTs da mSobeli miiCnevs, rom misi interesebis upiratesobas swored Zaladobis gziT daamtkicebs.

ojaxSi wyvilebs Soris warmoqmnili konfliqti da Zaladoba, romelic tragikul donemde midis, bavSvebisTvis mware gamocdileba unda iyos. gamokvlevebma cxadyo, rom mSoblebs Soris konfliqtsa da Zaladobis gamovlinebas xSirad bavSvebic eswrebian. bavSvebisTvis ki es Zaldobis iseTi gamocdilebaa, romlis daviwyeba da gamosworeba SeuZlebelia. amgvari gamocdileba ki bavSvis fsiqologiaze uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens. am dros bavSvi Zaladobas aRiqvams rogorc alternativas da qcevis igive models iTvisebs.

islami, safuZvelSive iTxovs orive sqesisgan icxovron RvTismoSiSobiT da axsovdeT, rom TavianTi namoqmedarisTvis RvTis winaSe warsdgebian da ganikiTxebian. islami afrTxilebs adamianebs erTmeores siyvaruliT da pativiscemiT moepyron.

qalic da mamakacic RvTis winaSe Tanasworni arian da Cvens sarwmunoebas surs, rom isini erTimeoris mimarT geTilganwobilni iyvnen. islami xSrad axseneb qalebs da mamakacebs, rom erTimeoris mimarT gaaCniaT rogorc uflebebi, ise movaleobebic.

„misi saswaulebidanaa isic, rom Tqvenganve gaaCina Tqveni mewyvile, raTa ipovoT masSi simSvide, dagidginaT erTmaneTSi siyvaruli da mowyaleba. ueWvelad, amaSi saswaulebia moazrovne xalxTaTvis!“ (rum 30/21)

wm. Suamavlis cxovrebas Tu davakvirdebiT, erTi faqtic ki ar arsebobs imis dasturad, rom is qalebs, bavSvebs an romelime cocxal arsebas cudad mopyrobodes.

garda amisa, wm. Suamavali mudmivad afrTxilebda mamakacebs, rom qalebi nazi arsebebi arian da kargad moepyariTo.

„morwmuneTa Soris rwmenis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze Camoyalibebuli isaa, vinc znekeTilia. Tqvens Soris yvelaze kargi isaa, vinc meuRles kargad eqceva“. (Tirmizi, rada 11)

Zaladobis nebismieri gamovlineba, sityvieri iqneba es, fizikuri Tu sxva saxis, ZiriTadad sakuTari azris sxvaTa Sexedulebis mimarT upiratesobis damtkicebisTvis mimarTaven xolme. amitom, islamis swavleba da zneobrivi magaliTebi amgvari midrekilebebisgan dagvicavs. islamis swavlebis mixedviT adamians ara egoizmis gamoxatvaSi, aramed sxvaTa mimarT gulmowyalebaSi, ara TavmomwoneobaSi, aramed TavmdablobaSi, ara siZunweSi, aramed xelgaSlilobaSi, ara upativcemulobaSi, aramed pativiscemaSi, ara borotebaSi, aramed sikeTeSi, ara siZulvilSi, aramed siyvarulSi uboZebs RmerTi madls da gadaarCens.

adaTebsa da Tanamedrove Rirebulebebs Soris moqceuli qali

sityva adaTi tradicias, wess, winaprebisgan gadmocemul cxovrebis wess gulisxmobs. bunebrivia adaTi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT cuds arafers niSnavs. bavSis dabadebidan dawyebuli gasvenebamde cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela etapze adaTebs mniSvnelovani roli ukavia.

sazogadoebisTvis misaRebi normebis cvlilebis procesSi, axali Taobebis Sexedulebebis adaTebTan Sejaxeba sazogadoebriv daZabulobas da problemebis gaCenas iwvevs. es movlena Cans, rogorc axlis da Zvelis, tradiciulisa da Tanamedrovis dapirispireba. tradicia da adaTi, romelic aradinamiuria da siaxleebs mkacrad upirispirdeba es gamoiwvevs krizs, romelic Tavad tradiciis msvlelobas da sicocxlisunarianobas SeuSlis xels. igivenairad krizisis gamowveva SeuZlia Zvelis da traciciulis mTlinad uaryofas da masTan kavSiris gawyvetis mcdelobas. amitom, tradiciis dinamika ar unda SeCerdes da adamianebi unda gaTviTconierdnen rogorc tradiciis mniSvnelobaSi, ise siaxlis aucileblobaSi.

am procesSi erTob mniSvnelovania, rom qalebs SeeqmnaT saimiso motivacia, raTa tradiciuli da Tanamedrove Rirebulebebis kritika da aseve gageba SeZlon. qalebSi maqsimalurad unda ganviTardes imgvari azrovneba, romelic kritikuli azrovnebiT miudgeba rogorc tradiciul, ise Tanamedrove Rirebulebebs. es ki SesaZlebeli gaxdeba Tu qali absoluturad Tavisufali gaxdeba rogorc tradiciis, ise Tanamedrove Rirebulebebis gagebis TvalsazrisiT.

tradiciebsa da adaTebSi qalebisTvis mudmivad negatiuri movlena ar igulismxeba. Tumca, tradiciebis kritikisa da analizis gareSe datoveba arc humanuri da arc religiuri kuTxiT dadebiT movlenad ar aRiqmeba, radgan aseT SeTxvevaSi sazogadoebrivi wyobis dinamika mxedvelobaSi aRar miiReba da es ki Tavis mxriv usamarTl elementebis Semcveli tendenciebis gamovlinebas Seuwyobs xels.

Cvenma sarwmunoebam sazogadoebisTvis misaRebi, magram qalebis winaaRmdeg moqmedi usamarTlo praqtika dagmo da akrZala. amis magaliTebi islamis istoriaSi mravlad moipoveba.

qalis mimarT Zaladobis gamovlinebis erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTi namusis saxeliT maTi mokvdinebaa. namusis da Rirsebis dacvis mxolod qalis movaleobad CaTvla araswori midgomaa. bunebrivia es Tanabrad exeba qalsac da kacsac.

tradiciebSi aris Sida logika, romelic sinamdvileSi qalis da kacis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas isaxavs miznad. Tumca am procesSi xSirad Zaladobisken xdeba gadaxra. swored sarwmunoebis debulebebi, romlebic sazogadoebaSi mosalodneli usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg erTgvar gafrTxilebas warmoadgens, amgvari usamarTlo tendenciebis damkvidrebas uSlis xels.

islami qalis da kacis bunebas iTvaliswinebs da Sesabamisad maTTan mimarTebaSi ZiriTad mimarTulebas pirovnebebis Tanxmobas irCevs, es iqneba qorwineba, ganqorwineba, memkvidreoba da sxva. am principebis mixedviT patarZlis mSoblebisTvis fulis gadaxda, an daqvrivebuli qalis Zalad gaTxoveba gardacvlili qmris Zmaze, sarwmunoebis midgomebTan harmoniul SesabamisobaSi ver modis. ori adamianisTvis qorwinebaSi xelis SeSla, roca maT es surT, islamis mixedviT miuRebelia, iseve rogorc miuRebelia ori adamianis Zalad daqorwineba. aseve miuRebelia namusis da adaTis saxeliT mkvleloba.

islami ara sikvdils, aramed sicocxles da sicocxlis xelSewyobas gvavalebs. yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„amisTvis davuwereT israilis SvilT, rom vinc mohklas adamiani ara adamianis wil da ara qveyanaze ukeTurobis gasawmendad, TiTqosda mTeli xalxi amoewyvitos. da vinc adamians sicocxles SeunarCunebs, TiTqosda mTeli xalxisTvis SeenarCunebinos sicocxle. vficav! Cveni Suamavalni ukve iyvnen maTTan misulni cxadi mtkicebaniT , magram amis Semdgomac, ueWvelad, bevri imaTgani mainc ganagrZobda dedamiwaze zRvargadasulobas. (maide 32)

ganaTleba da qali

Zlieri da ganviTarebuli sazogadoebis niSani, sazogadoebis Semadgeneli individebis ganaTlebis donea. dRes, qalis yvela problemas erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi gaaCnia da es mizezi ganaTlebis naklebobaa.

qalebis ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli analizisas Cans, rom maTi ganaTlebis naklebobis mizezi mSoblebis da zogadad sazogadoebis mxridan gogonebis swavlisadmi gulgrili damokidebulebaa. garda amisa, ekonomikuri pirobebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi, roca biWsa da gogonas Soris arCevania gasakeTebeli, Tu romelma maTganma unda gaagrZelos swavla, upiratesobas biWs aniWeben xolme. arada, islamis mixedviT codnis SeZena yvelas valdebulebaa, ganurCevlad qalis, kacis Tu sxva niSnisa. (ix. zumer 39/9)

gogonebis ganaTlebisgan CamoSreba momavalSi maT socialur-ekonomikuri statusze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens. garda amisa, gaunaTlebloba qalebs sazogadoebriv asparezs CamoaSorebs da mxolod pirad cxovrebaSi gamoketavs. sruli gaunaTlebloba an mxolod dawyebiTi ganaTleba, qalebis Semecnebas Caketilobis problemis safrTxes uqmnis.

ZiriTadad, gaunaTlebloba qalebis cxovrebas da maT momavals SezRudavs. amitom, TiToeuli Cvengani valdebulebaa jerovani yuradReba mivaqcioT qalTa ganaTlebas, raTa maT srulyofili momavlis perspeqtiva hqondeT.

universaluri Rirebulebebi da qali

dRes, maravali saerTaSoriso oficialuri Tu arasamTavrobo organizacia cdilobs qalTa uflebebis dacvas da am mxriv mdgomareobis gamosworebaze muSaoben. amasTanave iqmneba sazogadoebrivi mzaoba, romelic qalTa uflebebis darRvevis dros met mgrZnobelobas iCens.

qali, Tavisi arsebobiT kacobriobas mniSvnelovan Rirebulebebs sTavazobs da sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv jgufebSi qalis winaaRmdeg moqmedi midgomebi am Rirebulebebis srulyofilad gamovlinebas uSlis xels.

qalTa uflebebis mimarT bolo droindeli mgrZnobiare tendenciebi, garda imisa, rom met Tavisuflebas moutans qalebs, aseve met pasuxismgeblobasac daakisrebs. aris kiTxva, romlsac pasuxi unda gaeces: ra dadebiTi roli unda Seasrulos qalma lokaluri TvalsazrisiT sazogadoebisTvis da globalurad mTeli kacobriobisaTvis? amasTanave, qalebis mier, dReisaTvis universaluri Rirebulebebis warmoebasa da praqtikaSi ganxorcielebis saqmeSi Setanili wvlili da saamiso pretenzia, TavisTavad dadebiT movlenad unda CaiTvalos.