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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 20.02.2019/21

ISBN: 978-605-7519-36-8
2019-06-Y-0003-1588
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2019

გამოცემა
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winasityvaoba

adamiani sazogadoebis nawilia. erTian sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamianebi valdebulni arian icodnen individis uflebeba- movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT unda moqmedebdnen, raTa adamianTa Soris mSvidoba da bedniereba iqnas uzrunvelyofili. pasuxismgeblobis Segneba pirovnebam, upirveles yovlisa sakuTariT unda daiwyos. piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba visac gaaCnia, man ojaxisa da sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli pasuxismgeblobac icis da dakisrebul movaleobasac asrulebs.

„nuTu egona adamians, rom upasuxismgeblod iqneboda mitovebuli?“

sura yiameTis 36-e aiaTi migviTiTebs, rom adamiani pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli arsebaa.

„mere im dRes, aucileblad mogekiTxebaT, rac geboZaT!“

sura Teqasuris me-8 aiaTi ki gviCvenebs, rom adamians, upirveles yovlisa goneba da sxva mravali wyaloba eboZa da amis sapasuxod, garkveuli valdebulebebi daekisra, romelic SeZlebidagvarad unda Seasrulos.

sazogadoebis simSvides, umTavresad gaurkvevloba arRvevs, yvelas gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba, raTa adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi momavali SeviqmnaT. cxadia, rom dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi mravali gaurkveveli sakiTxi arsebobs.

dReisaTvis msoflio sazogadoebis momavals mravali safrTxe emuqreba. esenia: SimSli, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, bunebrivi katastrofebi, socialuri uTanasworoba, araTanabari pirobebi, zneobrivi dacemuloba, sulieri simdable, materialuri midrekilebebi, urwmunoeba, boroteba, arasakmarisad jansaRi garemo, gaurkvevloba ganaTlebisa da samarTlianobis sferoSi, istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebebis ganadgureba da sxva. garda amisa, am yvelafers emateba adamianebs Soris dialogis. tolerantobisa da Semwynareblobis Semcireba, gansxvavebuli azris devna da terori.

yvela es sakiTxi ara konkretuli regionis an erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed mTeli msoflios mosaxleoba raRac formiT, gaurkvevlobaSia Cafluli. am sakiTxebis mosagvarevlad ki xalxebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis qmediTi miRwevebis Ziebaa saWiro.

sinamdvileSi, umTavresi aris is, rom Cvens xelT arsebul Rirebulebebs ver vamCnevT da Sesabamisad am RirebulebebiT ar vcxovrobT. gamomdinare aqedan, jer es Rirebulebebi unda aRmovaCinoT da yoveldRiurobaSi davnergoT. ueWvelia, rom CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba islamia, romelic ramdenime aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gzas unaTebs.

dRes, adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mizniT SemuSavebuli, fsiqoTerapiis meTodebis qmediTunarianobisaTvis, ekologiuri problemebis, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis da sxva msgavsi gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg religiis mniSvneloba aSkaraa. islams gaaCnia saimiso SesaZlebloba, rom Tanamedrove gamowvevebs upasuxos. mas aqvs saimiso dinamika, raTa Tanamedrove msoflios axali formulirebebi SesTavazos.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni sarwmunoebis mier gadmocemuli brZanebebi da rCevebi, romlebic urTierTdaxmarebisa da tolerantobis principebis damkvidrebas uwyobs xels, yurad unda viRoT da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi kargad gaviazroT da cxovrebis Wiri da lxini erTad vzidoT. Cveni cxovrebis stili socialuri urTierTTanadgoma unda iyos da bednieri momavlisTvis yvelam erTad vibrZoloT.

Sesavali

samyaros gamCeni adamianebs rwmenis, RvTismsaxurebis, Tayvaniscemis, keTili saqmis, kargi zneobis da morCilebis an kidev uaryofis, urwmunoebis, borotebis, codvis da cudi qcevis mixedviT ganixilavs da ara maTi qonebrivi mdgomareobis, kanis feris, sqesis, fizikuri garegnobis, SezRuduli Tu normaluri SesaZleblobebis da a.S. amis Sesaxeb yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan Tqvengan zogma sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia.“ (sura hujuraTi 12)

„hei, adamianno! ueWvelad, erTi mamridan da erTi mdedridan gagaCineT Tqven da rom SeicnoT erTmaneTi, dagadgineT erebad da tomebad. ueWvelad, Tqvengan yvelaze pativdebuli allahis winaSe TqvenSi yvelaze ufro RvTismoSiSia. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea, yvelafrismcodnea!“ (sura hujuraT 13)

igive Sinaarsis matarebelia wm. hadisic: „RmerTi ar uyurebs Tqvens garegnobasa da qonebas, is Tqvens gulSi ixedeba“.

aseve am Temas exeba Semdegi aiaTebic:

„ueWvelad, Cven adamiani „saukeTeso formad“ gavaCineT!“ (sura Tini 4)

„gaaCina cani da dedamiwa WeSmaritebiT. da gamogsaxaT Tqven, Semdeg moganiWaT saukeTeso forma. da masTanaa misaqcieli!“ (sura TeRabuni 3)

„mere misca forma da Cabera masSi misi sulisgan. da daadgina TqvenTvis smena, TvalTaxedva da guli. amisda miuxedavad, raoden mcirea Tqveni madliereba! (sura sejde 9)

yvela es aiaTi gveubneba, rom RmerTma adamiani saukeTeso formiT gaaCina.

es dedamiwa, sadac stumrad vimyofebiT, gamocdis adgilia. dedamiwaze yofnisas adamiani Tavisi rwmenis, sityvis da qcevebis mixedviT gamoicdeba da am procesSi SeiZleba Sexvdes karg da cud, tkbilsa da mware movlenebs, aseve SeiZleba hqondes bednieri da ubeduri dReebi. adamiani zogjer SeiZleba didi wyalobiT gamoicados, zogjer ki misi gamocdis Sinaarsi gaWirveba gaxdes. sadac adamiani, bunebrivia iqneba avadmyofoba, dardi, mwuxareba da tkivili. iqnebac am yvelafris gaZlebis da moTminebis Semdeg dadgeba am gamocdis dadebiTi Sedegi. amitomaa naTqvami: „oqros cecxliT gamoicdeba, adamiani ki- gaWirvebiT“.

TiToeuli CvenTagani mudmivad gamocdis winaSe vdgavarT. aucileblad gveqneba iseTi dReebi, roca janmrTelebi da bednierebi viqnebiT da amasTanave gveqneba iseTi momentebic, roca problemebi gveqneba da wvaleba mogviwevs. ra Tqma unda iqneba Semtxvevebi, roca zogierT adamians meti ubedureba Sexvdeba xolme da es SeiZleba mTeli cxovrebis manZilzec ki gagrZeldes. zogjer problema Tavad adamianis Secdomebisgan momdinareobs, magram zogjer SeiZleba adamians TviTon araferi SeeSalos, magram sxva, misgan damoukidebelma faqtorebma ganapirobos problemebis warmoSoba.

yvelgan arseboben adamianebi, romlebsac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi gaaCniaT. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi SeiZleba iyos gonebrivi, sulieri an fizikuri. SezRuduli adamianebis mimarT gulisxmiereba CvenTvis adamianuri da religiuri valdebulebaa. islamis mixedviT adamianis movaleobaTagan erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari movaleoba bavSvebis, moxucebis, qalebisa da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis mimarT yuradRebis da mzrunvelobis gamoCenaa. wm. Suamavali ase iqceoda. is Zalian yuradRebiani iyo SezRuduli SesaZleblobis adamianebis, avadmyofebis, moxucebisa da msgavsi problemebis mqone adamianebis mimarT. is am adamianebs sazogadoebis ganuyofel nawilad ganixilavda. mas surda saWiroebis mqone da SeszRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis winaSe yvelas yuradReba gamoeCina da maTTvis daxmareba aRmoeCina.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi adamianis gonebriv, sulier an fizikur naklovanebas gulisxmobs, rac xels uSlis adamians normaluri unarebis gamomJRavnebaSi, uWirs ama Tu im saqmis sxvebis msgavsad Sesruleba da zogadad sazogadoebaSi harmoniuli Tanacxovreba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoneT xSirad invalidebsac eZaxian.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs yvelgan vxvdebiT, amitom maTTan mopyrobis codna da maT mimarT yuradRebis gamoCena Zalzed mniSvnelovania. yoveli adamiani an TviTonaa raRac mxriv SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone, an aseTi admaianis axlobelia, an TviTonaa potenciuri kandidati. mravali adamiani, miuxedavad imisa, rom janmrTeli da unaklo daibada, avtoavariis, an sxva tipis ubeduri SemTxvevis, an avadmyofobis gamo dainvalidda da raRac tipis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoned Camoyalibda. gamomdinare aqedan, radgan dazRveuli aravinaa, yovel adamians meti yuradReba da gulisxmiereba marTebs.

garda amisa, Zalian mniSnelovania imis codna Tu rogor unda moveqceT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebs. es unda icodes yvelam, quCaSi, skolaS, ojaxSi, sazogadoebaSi da sxva. am mxriv yvelam Tavisi gasakeTebeli unda gaakeTos. upirveles yovlisa ki saimiso prevenciuli zomebi unda gatardes, raTa adamianebis am mdgomareobaSi Cavardnis albaToba minimaluri gaxdes. dabadebidan an SemdgomSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoned Camoyalibebuli bavSvebis swavla- ganaTleba aucileblad unda uzrunvelvyoT da aseve unda mivceT Sesaferisi dasaqmebis saSualeba. maT unda SeeZloT garTobac, sxva aqtivobebSi Cabmac da zogadad sazogadoebaSi integracia.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebis mimarT yuradReba, maTdami qcevis codna, maTi unarebis ganviTarebisTvis zrunva, maTTvis ganaTlebis micema da cxovrebis ferxulSi srulfasovani Cabma yvela CvenTaganis adamianuri da religiuri valdebulebaa.

meores mxriv, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis adamianebi sakuTari unarebis gaumjobesebisTvis unda zrunavdnen da icavdnen TavianT uflebebs. janmrTeli adamianebi ki mudmivad unda cdilobdnen gaugon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoneT da unda icodnen, rom isini cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili arian.

adamianis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi mis uflebebs da Tavisuflebas ar zRudavs. rogorc Cveulebrivi SesaZleblobebis mqoneT, ise SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs ufleba aqvT Rirseulad da Tanabar pirobebSi icxovron.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians misi unarebis Sesaferisi movaleoba da pasuxismgebloba unda gaaCndes. am mxrivac unda iyos daculi adamianis uflebebi da samarTlianoba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqoneTa problemebis kargi analizi rom CavataroT, iqnebac aRmoCndes, rom amis mizezi janmrTelebi ufro arian, vidre SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoneni.

winamdebare naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqoneTa mimarT xedva, maTi problemis warmoSobis mizezebi, maTi sulieri upiratesobebi da maTi adgili socialur sferoSi.

1. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi yuranSi

yuranSi sxvadasxva tipis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxebaa saubari, magaliTad mxedvelobis, smenis, gonebrivi da sxva. am tipis daavadebebis, smenis, mxedvelobis, metyvelebis da gagebis SezRudulobis Sesaxeb yuranSi mocemul aiaTebSi gadataniTi mniSnelobiTaa saubari. fizikuri gagebiT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis da avadmyofobis Sesaxeb SedarebiT naklebi aiaTia mocemuli. magaliTisaTvis mxedvelobis unarSezRudulobis Sesaxeb warmodgenil aiaTebze visaubrebT:

mxedvelobis unarSezRudulobis Sesaxeb yuranis 28 aiaTSia saubari. garda amisa, mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba sami sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa ganxiluli: fizikurad mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba, gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba da saiqioSi mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba.

a. fizikuri mniSvnelobiT mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba

fizikuri mniSvnelobiT mxedvelobis unarSezRuduloba niSnavs dabadebidan an SemdgomSi raime dazianebis Sedegad orive Tvalidan mxedvelobis unaris arqonas. yuranSi aseTi adamianebi ramodenime mizniTaa naxsenebi. maT Soris mimsgavsebis, mkurnalobis, socialuri urTierTobis da a.S. magaliTisTvis TiToeul maTgans mokled SevexebiT:

a. yuranis aiaTebSi RmerTi urwmunoebsa da uarmyofelebTan, morwmuneebis Sedarebisas urwmunoebsa da uarmyofelebs brmebsa da yruebs adarebs, xolo morwmuneebi im adamianebs arian Sedarebulni, romelTac kargad esmiT da xedaven.

„am ori jgufis mdgomareoba brma-yrusi da mxedvel-gamgonis mdgomareobas hgavs. gana Seidreba maTi mdgomareoba? nuTu ar dafiqrdebiT?“ (sura hudi 24)

aiaTSi konkretuli mdgomareobis Sesabamisad Sedarebaa gakeTebuli. mxedvelobis da smenis unarSezRudulebis mimarT aranairi diskriminaciuli damokidebuleba ar igulisxmeba.

am aiaTis wina aiaTebSi, kerZod 18-19 aiaTebSi saubaria adamianebze, romlebic RmerTis winaaRmdeg gamodian, adamianebs swori gzidan acdenen da cdiloben RmerTis gza mcdarad warmoaCinon. aseTi adamianebi aucileblad saziano rames gadaeyrebian. Semdeg aiaTSi, kerZod 23-e aiaTSi ki saubaria morwmune, RmerTze mikedlebul, keTili saqmis moyvarul adamianebze. bolos ki 24-e aiaTSi am ori jgufis Sedarebaa dafiqsirebuli. urwmuno, gzasacdenili adamianebi Sedarebuli arian brmasa da yrus, radgan maT ar esmiT WeSmariteba da verc xedaven. morwmuneebi ki kargi mxedvelobisa da smenis adamianebTan arian Sedarebuli.

fizikuri mniSvnelobiT brma da yru ra Tqma unda gansxvavebuli arian janmrTel adamianTan SedarebiT. swored aseTi gansxvavebaa sulierebis TvalsazrisiT morwmunesa da urwmunos Soris. yuranSi amgvari Sedareba imitomaa gakeTebuli, rom mkiTxvelisTvis Tema ufro naTeli da gasagebi gamxdariyo. RmerTis winaSe, smenisa da mxedvelobis armqone morwmune ufro metad dafasebulia, vidre sruliad janmrTeli, mdidari da sazogadoebaSi dafasebuli urwmuno.

b. socialuri urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT

„codvad ar eTvleba brmas, koWls, avadmyofs da Tavad Tqvenc, Tu SeWamT Tqvens saxlebSi, an ded-mamis, da-Zmebis, biZebis saxlebSi (dedis da mamis mxridan), an mamidebis da deidebisa saxlebSi, romlis gasaRebic Tqvens gankargulebaSia, an Tqveni megobris saxlSi. codvad ar CageTvlebaT Tu SeWamT erTad an cal-calke. roca SedixarT saxlSi, miesalmeT erTmaneTs allahis saxeliT, mommadlebelisa da keTilis. ase gagimartavT Tqven allahi aiaTebs, egeb gons moegoT!“ (sura nuri 61)

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians ra mxriv ar eqmneba problemebi? rogorc aiaTis movlinebis mizezi, islamis swavlulebis mxridan Semdegi sakiTxebia win wamoweuli:

1. rodesac muslimebi salaSqrod Sors midiodnen, saxlebis gasaRebebs swored im adamianebs utovebdnen, romlebsac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi hqondaT, an daavadebulebi iyvnen. es adamianebi omSi wasuli adamianebis saxlebs yuradRebas aqcevdnen, magram iq Wama eridebodaT da am aiaTiT swored amis ufleba miecaT. maT SeeZloT datovebul saxlebSi danayrebuliyvnen.

2. „arakanonierad ar SeuWamoT erTmaneTs qoneba da ar CaidinoT Segnebulad es; qrTami ar misceT msajulT, raTa xalxs qonebis erTi nawili SeuWamoT usamarTlod.“ (sura bayara 188) am aiaTiT RmerTma adamianebs aralegitimuri gzebiT sakvebis mopoveba aukrZala. sakvebi yvelaze Zvirfasi saqonlia. maTac, sxvisi sakvebis Wama CvenTvis alali ar ariso, Tqves da RmerTmac zemoT xsenebuli aiaTi moavlina.

3. Suamavlis movlinebamde medinas xalxi am tipis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebTan erTad saWmels ar miirTmevdnen da maTTan erTad magidasTan ar sxdebodnen. am aiaTis movlinebis erT-erTi mizezi esec gaxda da amis Semdeg am adamianebTan erTad yvelam saWmlis Wama daiwyo.

4. es aiaTi im adamianebis Sesaxeb iqna movlenili, romlebic jihadSi monawileobas ver iRebdnen da maT am sakiTxSi nebarTva miecaT.

g. nebarTva

„codvad ar eTvleba brmas, koWls, avadmyofs. xolo vinc morCilebs allahs da mis Suamavals, Seiyvans imas samoTxeSi, sadac Zirs mdinareebi moedineba. xolo vinc zurgs ibrunebs, igi dasjis mas mware sasjeliT.“ (sura feTihi 17)

es aiaTi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqoneTaTvis RvTiuri nebarTvaa, rom maT omis msgavs siZneleebSi monawileoba ar miiRon. aiaTSi ar aris naxsenebi, rom maT religiuri valdebulebebic ar gaaCniaT. aq miTiTebulia, rom maT gaadvilebuli aqvT religiuri ritualebis Sesrulebis valdebuleba da aseve nebarTva aqvT ar miiRon monawileoba iseT rTul movaleobebis SesrulebaSi, rogoricaa saRvTo omSi wasvla. araviTari SezRuduli SesaZlebloba adamians RmerTis monobisgan ar aTavisuflebs. Tumca, islami adamianebs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mixedviT avaldebulebs. (ix bayara 284)

d. mniSnelobis miniWebis TvalsazrisiT

RmerTisa da Suamavlis damjeri brma adamiani RmerTis winaSe ufro pativdebulia, vidre janmrTeli, mdidari da popularuli sxva adamiani, romelsac RmerTis ar swams. es miTiTebulia sura Rebeses pirvel Tormet aiaTSi. erTxel Suamavali meqas warCinebulebidan ebu jehils, umeie bin ebi halefs, abbas ibni ‘ebdulmuttalibs da ‘uTbe bin ebi rebias Sexvda da islamis miReba SesTavaza. islamis gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT am adamianebis islamSi Sesvla Zalzed mniSvnelovani iyo. Suamavali umeie ibni halefs esaubreboda da am dros fihris gvaridan ‘ebd allah ibn ummi meqTumi movida, romelic brma iyo da Suamavals sTxova yuranidan aiaTi waekiTxa. Suamavals ar uyvarda roca sityvas awyvetinebdnen, amitom ukmayofileba Seetyo da saxe isev Tanamosaubreebisken miatriala. swored amis Taobaze moevlina sura Rebeses aiaTebi: „moiqufra da saxe Seaqcia, radgan brma movida masTan. unda ram gamcnos Sen: egeb ganwmenda surs mas, an miiRos Segoneba da uSvelos Segonebam mas?! magram visac Segoneba ar esaWiroeba, TumcaRa Sen miiltvi misken, da araa vali Seni, ganiwmindeba Tu ar igi! magram vinc mogeaxlos wadiliT da SiSobs RmerTisgan igi, magram Sen ar aqcev yuradRebas mas! ara! ueWvelad, igia Segoneba! da vinc inebebs, Seigonebs igi! (80/1-12)

amis Semdeg Suamavalma ‘ebd allah ibni meqTumi moinaxula, yuradRebiT mousmina da mis mimarT gulisxmiereba gamoiCina. ‘ebd allah ibni meqTumi Suamavlis meuRlis xatijes biZaSvili iyo. is erT-erTi maTTagani iyo, vinc medinaSi pirveli hijras dros gadavida. Suamavals orjer axlda saRvTo omSi. Suamavalma is 13-jer TavdebiT datova medinas damcvelad. iyo Suamavlis muezini. enes ibni maliqis gadmocemiT qadisies omis dros ‘ebd allah ibn meqTumi Savi droSiT da iaraRiT idga. arsebobs varaudi, rom is am omSi daiRupa rogorc Sehidi.

e. mkurnalobis TvalsazrisiT

yuranis or aiaTSi gadmocemulia informacia imis Taobaze, rom suamavali isa (ieso) RmerTis daxmarebiT dabadebidan unarSezRudulebs mkurnalobda.

b. mxedvelobis uunaroba gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT

gadataniTi mniSnelobiT sibrmaveSi mxedvelobis arqona ki ar igulismxeba, aramed WeSmaritebis danaxvis unaris arqona. yuranis aiaTebSi urwmunoebs da TvalTmaqc, moCvenebiT morwmuneebs RmerTi brmebad moixseniebs.

„hkiTxe: „vin aris RmerTi caTa da miwis?“ upasuxe: „allahia!“ uTxari: gana daidgineT mis garda mfarvelebi, romelTac ar ZaluZT argon an avnon sakuTar Tavsac ki?“ uTxari: „gana, Tanasworia brma da mxedveli an wyvdiadni da naTeli? nuTu daudgines allahs Tanaziarni, romelTac allahis gaCenis msgavsad gaaCines raime da es gaCena maT msgavsi moeCvenaT? uTxari: „allahia gamCeni yovelivesi, da igi erTaderTia, Zlevamosilia!“ (sura ra’di 16)

am aiaTSi naxsenebi „brma da mxedveli“ gadataniTi mniSnelobiTaa naxsenebi da igulisxmeba urwmuno da morwmune adamiani.

„uTxari Sen: „me ar geubnebi, CemTanaa allahis saunjeni da arc imas, rom vuwyi uxilavs; da me ar geubnebiT, angelozi var. me mxolod imas mivyvebi, rac zemomevlina.“ uTxari Sen: „gana Tanasworia brma da mxedveli? nuTu ar dafiqrdebiT?“

am ukanasknel aiaTSi ki brma ewodeba im adamians, romelic RmerTs ewinaaRmdegeba da uaryofs, xolo mxedvelia is adamiani, romelic allahs erTaderT RmerTad aRiarebs.

rodesac adamianis Tvalebi mxedvelobis unars dakargaven, am adamians ewodeba brma. aseve brmaa is adamiani, romelic guldaxSulia da WeSmaritebas ver imecnebs. yuranSi sibrmave sul 29-jeraa naxsenebi da amaTgan 25 „gulis sibrmaves“ gulisxmobs.

„gulis sibrmaveSi“ WeSmaritebis daunaxaoba, maT ganWvretis unaris ar qona da movlenebisgan saTanado daskvnis gamotanis SeuZlebloba igulisxmeba. adamiani, romelsac gulis xedva brma aqvs is ver arCevs erTmaneTisagan WeSmaritebasa da sicrues. aseTi adamiani urwmunoebas Tavs ver daaRwevs da morwmuned ver Seiqmneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvelafers xedavs, am danaxulisgan magaliTs ver iRebs, samyaros gamCenis arsebobas ver amCnevs, aseTi adamiani yuranis mixedviT „namdvilad brmaa“

g. sibrmave saiqioSi

yuranSi am TemasTan dakavSrebiT arsebobs aiaTebi:

„xolo vinc Cems Sexsenebas saxes Seaqcevs, maSin ueWvelad, misTvis cxovrebaa mtanjveli da aRvadgenT mas aRdgomis dRes brmad.“ (sura taha 124)

„hkiTxavs: „RmerTo Cemo! ratom aRmadgine brmad, me xom adre mxedveli viyavi?“

upasuxebs: „ai, ase! SenTan movida Cveni aiaTebi, magram Sen isini daiviwye. amitomac dRes Tavad iqnebi daviwyebuli!““ (sura taha 125, 126)

„da visac allahi daadgens WeSmarit gzaze, igi namdvilad WeSmarit gzas adgas. da visac aacdens WeSmarit gzas, Semwed veravis upovi maT, garda misi. aRdgomis dRes aRmovacenebT TavianTi saxeebiT maT moforTxiales, brmas, munjs, yrus. maTi samkvidro jojoxeTia. rogorc ki Caqrobas diwyebs, movumatebT maT mogizgize cecxls!“ (isra 97)

warmodgenil aiaTebSi naxsenebi sibrmave pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT iyo Tu gadataniTi, amis Sesaxeb islamis swavlulebi xSirad msjelobdnen da kamaTobdnen. im nawilis azriT romelic amtkicebda, rom mxedveloba, an sibrmave aq gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT iyo gamoyenebuli, sibrmave gulisxmobda iseTi rameebis daunaxaobas, romlebic maT gaaxarebda da gaabednierebda. rac Seexeba im jgufis mosazrebas, romelic amtkicebda, rom aiaTSi gamoyenebuli es sityvebi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT iyo gamoyenebuli, maTi azriT sura mu’minis 108-e aiaTSi mocemuli ganmartebidan gamomdinare isini brmebi, yruebi da munjebi iqnebian. (ix agreTve qehfi 53, furyani 12, mulqi 7)

RmerTma adamians ori saxis Tvalebi uboZa. amaTgan erTi xilulia, xolo meore uxilavi. es ukanaskneli gulis xedvas gulisxmobs. (ix, isra 36)

adamians im Tvlebis saSualebiT, romlebic fizikurad mis mxedvelobas uzrunvelyofs SeuZlia dainaxos konkretuli sagnebi da arsebebi. Tumca am Tvalebis saSualebiT SeuZlebelia iseTi rameebis danaxva, rogoricaa RmerTi, suli, goneba, grZnobebi, sindisi, angelozebi da sxva.

samyaroSi arsebul movlenebze dakvirvebisas maTSi saswaulis danaxva da am yvelafris RmerTis arsebobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad aRqma sworedac rom „gulis TvaliT“ aris SesaZlebeli. aseTi movlenebia weliwadis droebis cvalebadoba, planetebis moZraoba, cxovelTa samyaroSi arsebuli unikaluri wonasworoba da wesrigi, adamianis unikaluri Tvisebebis matarebel arsebad gaCena da sxva mravali msgavsi.

arseboben adamianebi, romlebic mxolod Tvalebs iyeneben, raTa samyaro da sagnebi dainaxon da arseboben iseTebic, romlebic iyeneben rogorc Tvalebs, ise gulis xedvas da isini bunebrivia gacilebiT mets xedaven. Tumca aseTebi SedarebiT cotani arian. yuranSi aseT adamianebze saubrisas naTqvamia, rom maT gulis xedva daxSuli aqvT.

„gana ar umogzauriaT dedamiwaze, maT guls gana ar Seswevda gageba, xolo yurebs Sesmena? ueWvelad, Tvali ki ar brmavdeba, aramed guli mkerdSi! (sura haji 46)

adamianis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT sibrmave gacilebiT umniSvneloa, vidre gulis xedvis arqona da amgvari sibrmave. es ukanaskneli xom RvTiuri WeSmaritebebis xilvas aferxebs. Tu adamians gulismieri xedva ZaluZs da TvalebiT ver xedavs saiqioS es mas zians ar moutans, magram Tu piriqiTaa, anu adamiani brma ar aris, magram gulismieri xedva daxSuli aqvs, saiqioSi es misTvi saziano iqneba. amqveynad cxovrebisas dabrmavebuli adamiani Tu gulis xedvas SeinarCunebs, es misTvis droebiTi sibrmave iqneba da saiqioS, anu mudmiv samyofelSi is Tvalaxelili da bednieri iqneba. xolo isini, vinc gulis xedvas dakargaven, RvTiur WeSmaritebas ver Seimecneben da ar iwmeben, maTTvis saiqio bedniereba uxilavi darCeba. igive exeba gonebis, enis da smenis armqoneTac.

2. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mizezebi

ratom arian adamianebi Tandayolili an SemdgomSi Camoyalibebuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT? ra aris amis mizezi? yuranis mixedviT mxedvelobis, smenis, metyvelebis, azrovnebis da msgavsi sulieri da sxva fizikuri SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mizezebad ori faqtori ganixileba. amaTgan erTi RvTiuri neba da gamocdaa, xolo meore -adamianuri faqtorebi.

a) RvTuri neba da gamocda

yoveli vneba da ziani, rac SeiZleba adamians sulierad an fizikurad Seexos RmerTis nebis gareSe ver ganxorcieldeba. RmerTis nebis gareSe adamiani veraviTari mcdelobis Sedegad ubedurebas, Sars an raime problemas ver gamoiwvevs. amis dasturia Semdegi aiaTi:

„aranairi siave ar ewevaT, Tu ara neba allahisa.“ (sura TeRabuni 11)

yvelaferi rac adamianze cudad moqmedebs, zogadad rom vTqvaT ubedurebaa. gamomdiare aqedan adamianis avadmyofoba da nebismieri organos tkivili misTvis ubedurebaa. es ubedureba RmerTis nebis gamoxatulebaa da misi nebasurviliT xorcieldeba. RmerTis nebis gareSe adamianis organizmSi arc raime daavadeba gaCndeba da arc sikvdilis momenti dadgeba. (ix. ali imran145)

adamianis Tavze datrialebuli ubedureba RvTiuri gamocda SeiZleba iyos. amis Sesaxeb saubaria Semdeg aiaTebSi:

„da, ueWvelad, Cven gcdiT Tqven cota SiSiTa da SimSiliT, qonebis, sulTa da nayofTa naklebobiT. da Sen axare momTmenT,“ (sura bayara 155)

„yvela suli igemebs sikvdils. da Cven gcdiT Tqven siaviTa da sikeTiT, Tu rogor moiqceviT. da CvenTan iqnebiT mobrunebulni!“ (sura enbia 35)

sinamdvileSi adamianisTvis sicocxlec da sikvdilic gamocdaa. erTi ram aucileblad yvelam unda vicodeT da amis gvwamdes, rom amqveynad yoveli cocxali arsebis gamCeni, macocxlebeli, masazrdoebeli da momakvdinebeli mxolod da mxolod RmerTia. mxolod is aRsruldeba rasac RmerTi inebebs. dabadeba, sikvdili, bunebrivi movlenebi, kargi da cudi, zogadad yvelaferi RmerTis nebasurvilis Sesabamisad xdeba. gamomdinare aqedan, yvelaferi, kargic da cudic, adamianis sxeulis da qonebis sasikeTo da saziano racaa RmerTs nebiT xorcieldeba. (ix. sura hadidi 2, sura furyani 2)

adamiani mudmivad unda ufrTxildebodes sakuTar janmrTelobas da qonebas. is mudmivad unda cdilobdes sicocxlisa da qonebis usafrTxoebas. es RvTiuri brZanebaa. Tumca, SesaZlebelia yvelanairi prevenciis miuxedavad adamiani ubedurebis pirispir aRmoCndes.

meores mxriv, adamianis Tavs datrialebuli ubedureba RvTiuri kanonia. amis Sesaxeb yuranSi mraval adgilasaa saubari. warmogidgenT ramodenime aiaTs:

„uTxari: araferi gveweva, garda, rac Cvenze dawera allahma. igia Cveni mfarveli. dae, mxolod allahs miendon morwmuneni!“ (sura Tevbe 51)

„ar gweviT siave siaveTagan arc dedamiwaze da arc Tqvens sulebs, rom ara iyos wingSi, vidreRa mas movaxdendeT. ueWvelad, es iolia allahisTvis!“ (sura hadidi 22)

am aiaTebiT cnobilia, rom yoveli ubedureba, rac ki adamians SeiZleba SeemTxves bedisweris wignSi dawerilia. es yvelaferi rom adridanve dawerialia, amis mizezi Semdeg aiaTSia ganmartebuli:

„raTa ar idardoT imaze, raSic xelmocaruli darCiT da ar ixaroT imiT, rac mogmadlaT, rameTu allahs ar uyvars Tavmomwone, amayebi,“ (sura hadidi 23)

aiaTis mixedviT RmerTi brZanebs, rom ubedurebis Jams Zalian ar unda davmwuxrdeT da isterikaSi ar CavvardeT, radgan es yvelaferi RmerTis neba da kanonia. „ase ratom moxda, es usamarTlobaa“ da sxva msgavsi frazebi usargebloa. adamianma am dros unda dafiqrdes, rom es yvelaferi RvTiuri nebis gamovlinebaa da moTmineba gamoiCinos. moTminebaSi ubedurebis Tavidan acilebis mcdeloba da ubedurebis Semdeg gamosavali gzebis Ziebisgan xelis aReba ar igulisxmeba.

b) adamianis naklovanebani

ubedurebis da problemebis warmoSobisas RvTiuri nebis gamovlinebis procesSi adamianis qcevebs mniSvneloba eniWeba da es mraval aiaTSia gadmocemuli.

„da rac siaveTagan gewiaT imisTvisaa, rac moixveWa Tqvenma xelebma da mogitevebT mravalTa.“ (sura Sura 30)

aiaTebis da hadisebis mixedviT adamianis Tavs gadaxdenili ubedurebis mizezad maT mier Cadenili Secdomebi, naklovanebebi da sxva boroti saqminobaa.

morwmune adamiani RvTiur kanonebs da zogad wesebs unda emorCilebodes. magaliTad, Tu adamiani ar gaufrTxildeba janmrTelobas, ar SearCevs sakvebs da ar daicavs sisufTaves, avad gaxdeba. sagzao moZraobis wesebs Tu ar daicavs, avariaSi moyveba da amis Sedegad an daziandeba an kide SeiZleba sicocxlec dakargos. problema aq adamianma sakuTar TavSi unda eZebos. morwmune adamianis gadmosaxedidan, yoveli ubedureba racarunda RmerTis nebiT xdebodes, swori ar iqneba RmerTis mier gamogzavnil sasjelad warmovidginoT.

TviT Suamavlebsac ki SexvedriaT ubedureba. magaliTad, Suamavali ia’yubi (iakobi) cali Tvalidan dabrmavda. Suamavali eubi ki xangrZlivi da mZime avadmyofobiT itanjeboda. Suamaval muhammedsac taifSi qvebiT Caqolva daupires da nasroli qvebiT fexebi dausisxlianes, xolo uhudis brZolis dros kbili Caemtvra da saxe dauzianda. arada Suamavlebi codvis Cadenisgan daculni arian anu ucodvelni adamianebi. gamomdinare aqedan yoveli ubedurebis ukan codvis an naklovanebis Zebna marTebuli ar aris.

ki magram, ratom SeemTxvaT Suamavlebs ubedurebebi? imitom SeemTxvaT, rom isini adamianebisTvis samagaliTod arian warmogzavnilebi da rogorc sxva dros, ise ubedurebis Jamsac samagaliTod iqcevian.

3. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis winaaRmdeg prevencia da mkurnaloba

sarwmunoebis mizani adamianis sicocxlis, qonebis, sindisis, STamomavlobis da sarwmunoebis dacvaa.

sicocxlis usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT, adamianis mokvdineba an TviTmkvleloba kategoriulad akrZalulia da is haramadaa Seracxuli. aseve akrZalulii iseTi qcevebi, romlebic adamianis janmrTelobisTvis saSiSi iqneba. magaliTad aseTia momwamvleli, gafuWebuli, an Senaxvis vadagadacilebuli sakvebi produqtebis moxmareba, alkoholuri sasmelebis daleva, narkotikis gamoyeneba da sxva. (ix. sura isra 33, sura nisa 29,30, 93)

aseve akrZalulia araswori kveba, siciveze da sicxeze moufrTxilebloba, sisufTavis daucveloba, eqimis rCevebis gauTvaliswinebloba, ubeduri SemTxvevis gamomwvevi qceva, samuSao da sagzao wesebis daucveloba da sxva msgavsi. amgvari qcevebi sura bayaras 195-e da sura nisas 29-e aiaTebSi mocemuli brZanebebis moqmedebis sferos ganekuTvneba.

„gaiReT allahis gzaze, da Tavi ar CaigdoT safTxeSi Tqvenive xeliT“ (sura bayara195)

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! erTmaneTs Soris ukanonod ar miirTvaT Tqveni qoneba, mxolod vaWroba Tu iqneba urTierTTanxmobiT. da Tavi ar moiklaT. (sura nisa 29)

religiuri valdebulebebis Sesruleba im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, roca adamiani janmrTelia. daavadebuli adamiani ver imarxulebs, hajad ver wava da wminda adgilebis molocvas ver SeZlebs da garda amisa is verc RmerTis gzaze imuSavebs. religiuri valdebulebebis Sesrulebisas adamianis gonebrivi sijansaRe aucilebeli pirobaa. es yvelaferi Zalian mniSvnelovania im kuTxiT, Tu raoden mniSnelobas aniWebs islami adamianis janmrTelobas. Suamavali morwmuneebs afrTxilebda sikeTe ekeTebinaT sanam avad gaxdebodnen da amas veRar SeZlebdnen.

adamiani daavadebebisken midrekilia, radgan „sustadaa gaCenili“. (ix. isra 33, nisa 29,30,93) adamiani SeiZleba yvelanairad frTxilad iqceodes da sworad cxovrobdes, magram mainc avad gaxdes an avariaSi moyves. aseT SemTxvevaSi mizezi SeiZleba iyos TviTon an sxva adamiani, an kide RvTiuri gamocdis gamovlineba. (ix. bayara 155)

islamis mowodebis Tanaxmad adamiani daavadebebs, invalidobas da sxva msgavs ubedurebas gamZleobiT unda Sexvdes da SeebrZolos, raTa gamojanmrTeldes da normalur cxovrebas daubrundes. daavadeba ra saxisac ar unda iyos, adamiani valdebulia Sesabamisi zomebi miiRos da gamojanmrTelebas Seecados. islamis mixedviT avadmyofobisas adamianma ori ram erTdroulad unda gaakeTos: RmerTisgan Sveba iTxovos da imkurnalos.

RmerTisgan Svebis Txovna

adamiani rom avad gaxdeba RmerTs Sveba unda SeTxovos da gamojanmrTelebisTvis Seevedros. swored RmerTisganaa dardic da Svebac. swored RmerTma gaaCina sxvadasxva nivTierebebi TavianTi samkurnalo TvisebebiT.

„romelmac gamaCina me, swored igi damadgens WeSmarit gzaze!

igia, romelic maWmevs da masmevs!

da roca avad vxvdebi, swored igia, romelic gamomakeTebs!

romelic momakvdinebs da mere gamacocxlebs!

romelsac vsasoeb, rom Semindos Secodebebi Cemi gankiTxvis dRes! (sura Su’era 77-81)

cnobilia, rom rodesac Suamavlis ojaxis wevrebidan, romelime avad gaxdeboda Suamavali Sublze xels daadebda da RmerTs misTvis Svebas sTxovda.

avadmyofobas garda fizikuri mizezebisa sulieri mizezebic gaaCnia. Suamavali e.w. Tvalis cemis Sesaxeb ambobda, rom is marTalia. gamomdinare aqedan fizikur daavadebas SeiZleba hqondes sulieri mizezebic.

dRes ukve cnobili faqtia, rom sulieri da gonebrivi daavadebebis kvlevisas fizikuri darRvevis garda sulier mizezebsac ikvleven da am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT cdiloben efeqturi mkurnalobis procesis ganxorcielebas. garda amisa cnobilia aseve, Tu rogor mkurnalobdnen musikis gamoyenebiT uxsovari droidan.

adamianebis mier RmerTze mindoba da namdvili Svebis misgan molodini maT ganwyobas amaRlebs da daavadebebis mimarT ufro mxned da gamZled aqcevs es araTu sulieri, aramed fizikuri daavadebebis drosac sakmaod efeqturia. adamianis moraluri mdogomareoba da ganwyoba mniSvnelovani faqtoria, amitom mas xSirad iyeneben samedicino pirobebis ar qonis pirobebSi, an im medicinis damxmare faqtorad.

b) mkurnaloba

dasneulebis SemTxvevaSi garda RmerTis mimarT Svebis Txovnisa da vedrebisa aucilebelia mkurnalobis mizniT eqimTan misvla da mkurnalobis kursis Catareba. mkurnaloba unda ganxorcieldes iseTi formiT, rogorsac eqimi ityvis, abebis miReba iqneba es, nemsis gakeTeba, operacia Tu sxva. rodesac wm. Suamavals mkurnalobis Sesaxeb hkiTxes, man brZana, rom avad gaxdomis SemTxvevaSi mkurnaloba aucilebeli iyo, radgan nebimieri daavadebis sapirispirod RmerTma misi wamalic gaaCina. mkurnaloba religiuri valdebulebaa, xolo mkurnalobis ugulebelyofa codvaa.

Tanamedrove medicinis pirobebSi mxedvelobis, smenis, metyvelebis da sxva msgavsi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi gankurnebadia. magaliTad, Tu kataraqtis mizeziT mxedveloba daqveiTebulia, es operaciiT gankurnebas eqvemdebareba.

garda amisa mSoblebi valdebuli arian iseTi yuradRebiT aRzardon bavSvebi, rom daudevrobis mizeziT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi ar CamouyalibdeT. mSoblebma unda icodnen Tu ra iwvevs SezRudul SesaZleblobebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces samuSao da sagzao usafrTxoebis dacvas da amasTanave iseTi nivTierebebis mimarT sifrTxiles, rogoricaa nikotini, alkoholi da narkotikebi. Tu adamians erTxel ukve Camouyalibda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi da dainvalidda iseTi formiT, rom mkurnalobas aRar eqvemdebareba, aseT dros saWiroa moTminebis da simtkicis gamoCena da misi mdgomareobis iseTnairad miReba, rogoric aris. amgvari moqmedebiT adamiani madls moigebs da sulierebis safexurze maRla aiwevs.

4. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqoneTa sulieri privilegiebi

adamiani Tavs gadaxdenil ubedurebas Tu moTminebiT da simtkiciT Sexvdeba, ar dakargavs rwmenas da urwmunoebis gzas ar daadgeba, es misTvis mitevebis mizezi gaxdeba da saiqioSi maRal safexurs daimkvidrebs.

1) codvebisTvis sasjeli da Sesabamisad mitevebis mizezi

„morwmune adamians raime tkivili, daRliloba, avadmyofoba da ufro metic ubralo sevdac rom Seexos, es misi garkveuli codvebis mitevebis mizezi gaxdeba“ (muslim, birr, 52)

„morwmune adamians rac ar unda daemarTos, fexSi ekalic rom SeerWos, RmerTi codvebis erT nawils miutevebs“. (buhari. merda 1)

2. sulierebis safexurze amaRleba

„da yvelasTvisaa xarisxebi, rac ukeTebiaT, da RmerTi Seni rodia ugulisyuro imisadmi, rasac akeTeben. (sura en’am 132)

Tu morwmune adamiani sulierebis maRal safexurs RvTismsaxurebiT ver Seswvda RmerTi mas gansacdels mouvlens da unars saimisod, rom es yvelaferi moiTminos, xolo amis Semdeg mianiWebs uTvalav madls da aRamaRlebs. gansacdelis mizeziT codvebis miteveba xdeba. amrigad adamiani sulierebis safexurze maRla iwevs. (ix. sura zumeri 39/10)

es yvelaferi gadmocemulia Semdeg hadisSi:

„Tu ki morwmune RvTiT dadgenil sulier simaRles ver Seswvda RmerTi mas, an mis qonebas, an Svils raime gansacdels mouvlens da mas moTminebis unariT daajildoebs. amrigad es morwmune RvTiT dadgenil sulierebis safexuramde amaRldeba.“ (ahmed ibn hanbel, musned, 5, 272)

wm. Suamavlis swavlebis mixedviT RmerTi ase brZanebda:

„rodesac Cems monas gamocdis mizniT orive Tvals wavarTmev da is amas moiTmens, samagierod me mas samoTxeTi davajildoveb“. (buhari, murda, 7)

morwmuneTa Tavs damtydari gansacdeli araTu sazianoa maTTvis, aramed sasikeTo da sasargebloa. es imitom, rom yoveli gansacdeli morwmune adamianisTvis madlis mogebisa da codvebisgan ganTavisuflebis mizezi xdeba. es yvelaferi ki mxolod moTminebis Sedegad miiRweva.

5. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis adamianebi da socialuri urTierTobebi

islami socialur urTierTobebs did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. am TvalsazrisiT janmrTeli da unarSezRuduli adamiani Tanabaria da raime gansxvavebas ar eqvemdebareba. Tumca, im adamianebs visac daxmareba sWirdebaT ufro meti yuradReba eqcevaT da mzrunvelobis qveS arian da islami amas xels uwyobs.

wm. Suamavali muhammedi Tavad exmareboda yvelas, visac es sWirdeboda. is zrunavda gaWirveulebze, avadmyofebze, unarSezRudulebze da sxva. Suamavali brZanebda, rom brmaze gzis gagnebaSi daxmareba, yru-munjebze maTTvis gasagebi saSualebebiT komunikacia, gaWirvebulebze Sesabamisi daxmareba mniSvnelovani sikeTe da madlia. Suamavali unarSezRudulebs sazogadoebis Cveulebriv wevrebad ganixilavda. (ahmed ibn hanbeli, musned 2, 350)

cnobilia, rom wm. Suamavali unarSezRudulebze manamdec zrunavda, sanam Suamavluri miisiiT dajildovdeboda. is yovelTvis qomagobda sust da umweo adamianebs, romlebsac sakuTar Tavze mixedvac ki ar SeeZloT.

daavadebul da unarSezRudul adamianebTan urTierTobisas Semdeg faqtorebs unda mivaqcioT yuradReba:

1. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis mimarT Rirseuli mopyroba

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebTan Rirseuli moqceva, maTi dafaseba da maTdami qcevebis gakontroleba maT sulier mdgomareobaze dadebiTad aisaxeba da saboloo jamSi es yvelaferi mis gamojanmrTelobas xels Seuwyobs. miTumetes, yvelam viciT, rom wm. Suamavali swored ase iqceoda sazogadoebis im nawilis mimarT, romelsac SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebi hqviaT. Suamavlis erT-erTi megobarTagani, medineli ‘iTban ibn maliqi brma iyo. amis miuxedavad ‘iTbani bediris brZolaSi iRebda monawileobas. ;iTbali RameSi, gansakuTrebiT ki cud amindebSi meCeTSi wasvlas ver axerxebda da Tu midioda Zalian wvalobda. man sTxova Suamavals neba mieca saxlSi Seesrulebina locva da amis mizezic auxsna. wm. Suamavali ‘iTbans saxlSi estumra da uTxra, sad surda locvis Sesruleba. ‘iTbanma locvis Sesasruleblad SerCeuli adgili aCvena. Suamavalma im adgilas locva Tavad Seasrula. amis Semdeg cota xani kide darCa iq. ‘iTbanma ki Suamavals da mis megobrebs vaxSmiT gaumaspinZlda.

es faqti adasturebs, rom Suamavali unarSezRudulebs did yuradRebas aqcevda da maTdami Tbili da gulisxmieri damokidebuleba hqonda. is daTanxmda ‘iTbanis Txovnas, saxlSic estumra, locva Seasrula da mis mier mirTmeuli saWmelic miirTva.

2. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis adamianebi unda movinaxuloT da movikiTxoT.

avadmyofebis monaxuleba da maT mimarT yuradRebis gamoCena, islamis mixedviT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani da kargi qcevaa. amgvari qmedeba dadebiTad moqmedebs maTi gamojanmrTelebis procesze. avadmyofebis monaxuleba religiuri da moraluri valdebulebaa. wm. Suamavali brZanebda: „daapureT mSivrebi da avadmyofebi moinaxuleT“. amrigad, Suamavali mogviwodebs, rom avadmyofebs, gaWirvebulebs da unarSezRudulebs yuradReba mivaqcioT da maTdami mzrunveloba gamoviCinoT.

Suamavlis gadmocemis mixedviT RmerTi gankiTxvis dRes adamians aseT SekiTxvas dausvams:

-adamiano, avad rom viyavi ratom ar mominaxule?

-RmerTo, Sen samyaros gamCeni xar. rogor SemeZlo momenaxulebine?

-erTxel, Cemi gaCenili mona avad iyo da Sen ar moinaxule. iq rom misuliyavi masTan mec mixilavdi.

- adamiano, saWmeli gTxove da ar damapure.

-RmerTo, Sen samyaros patroni xar. me rogor unda damepurebine?

-gaxsovs, erT-erTma Cemma gaCenilma monam SenTan movida da gTxova is dagepurebina. Sen ki uari uTxari da ar daapure. Sen is dagepurebina me iq mixilavdi.

-adamiano, Sengan wyali viTxove da wyali ar damalevine.

-RmerTo, Sen xom yvelafris mflobeli xar, me rogor SemeZlo SenTvis wyali momewodebina?

- gaxsovs erTma adamianma gTxova wyali da Sen mas wyali ar miawode. misTvis rom wyali migerTmia me masTan mixilavdi.

da bolos, avadmyofis monaxuleba muslimis muslimisadmi valdebulebaa.

3. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqoneT yovelmxriv daxmareba unda gaewioT

Cveni sarwmunoeba mogviwodebs vizrunoT avadmyofebze da unarSezRudulebze da yovelmxriv davexmaroT maT. amgvari saqcieli didi madlia. brmis gzaze dadgena daxmareba, yru-munjze yuradRebis miqceva da moZraobaSezRudulze gadadgilebaSi daxmareba mowyalebad iTvleba. (ahmed ibn hanbel, musned, 2, 350)

Suamavlis megobrebi religiis am mowodebas yovelTvis guldasmiT asrulebdnen. magaliTad, ‘ebudurraahman ibn’ qabi dabrmavebul mamas sul exmareboda da meCeTSi dayavda. (ibn maje, iqme, 78)

wm. Suamavali mudam sustebis, avadmyofebis, Raribebis da sazogadoebis sxva Cagruli fenis megobari da qomagi iyo. man unarSezRudulebze daxmarebis gaweva da Tanadgoma mowyalebad gamoacxada.

erTxel Suamavalma brZana, rom mowyaleba yoveldRe unda gaices. iq myofTagan ebu zerma ikiTxa, yoveldRe rogor SevZlebT mowyalebis gacemas, saamisod SesaZlebloba ar gagvaCniao. amis Taobaze Suamavalma brZana:

„mowyalebis mravali forma arsebobs: allahu eqber, subhanallah, laa ilaahe illallah, esTeRfirullah, sikeTisken mouwodeT da boroteba dagmeT, adamianebis savali gzidan qvebis, da sxva xelisSemSleli sagnebis aReba, brmebze xelis SeSveleba da gzis Cveneba, yru-munjze misTvis gasagebi formiT axsna, dardianis nugeSiscema, davrdomilis wamoyeneba, yvela eseni da msgavsi mowyalebaa.“

gaWirvebulebsa da unarSezRudulebze daxmarebis mowyalebad gamocxadebasTan erTad, maT mimarT uxeSi qceva, gangeb Secdena da motyueba kategoriulad dagmobilia. amgvari qceva miuRebeli da dawyevlilia.

RmerTi Seeweva mas, vinc adamianebs exmareba.

„“vinc morwmune Zmis saWiroebas daakmayofilebs da daexmareba, RmerTi mis saWiroebebs daakmayofilebs. vinc morwmune Zmas gaWirvebisgan daixsnis, gankiTxvis dRes RmerTi mas erTi gasaWirisgan gaaTavisuflebs.“ (buhari, muzlim, 3)

„morwmuneni erTi sxeulis msgavsni arian. Tu adamians erTi Tvali atkivdeba amis gamo mTeli sxeuli Sewuxdeba. Tu adamians Tavi astkivdeba, amas mTeli sxeuli ganicdis“.

4. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebs damamcirebelad ar unda moveqceT

unarSezRudulebi da avadmyofebi zogadad Zalian mgrZnobiareni arian. sul mcire damamcirebeli ram maTze Zalze mtkivneulad moqmedebs. gansakuTrebiT ki mimarTvisas unda gamoviCinoT yuradReba da vecadoT rom Tavmoyvareoba ar SevulaxoT. es Cveni religiuri da zneobrivi valdebulebaa.

adamianebze qaCalis, brmis, koWlis da msgavsi metsaxelebis Serqmeva sastikad miuRebelia. Suamavali brZanebda, rom raimis mimarT gadametebuli siyvaruli adamianebs abrmavebso da amas sityvas bunebrivia gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT iyenebda. pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT brma, an munji an koWli aravisTvis uwodebia. is mudmivad winaaRmdegi iyo pirovnuli naklis gamomzeurebisa da mimdevrebsac amas mouwodebda.

wm. Suamavlis meuRlis aiSes monayolis mixedviT, erTxel wm. Suamavals misTvis mkacrad usayveduria, rodesac man vinme qalis safies Sesaxeb Tqva „TiTistola qalia“ da amiT gamoxata safies tandabloba.

amgvari magaliTebidan Cans, rom adamiani misi naklis mixedviT ar unda SevafasoT da miTumetes es ar unda gamovxatoT. ufro metic, janmrTeli adamianis romelime pirovnuli Tvisebis dawunebac miuRebelia, magaliTad xmis, sxeulis agebulebis, kanis feris, laparakis maneris da msgavsi. wm. Suamavali adamianebis dacinvas krZalavda da ase brZanebda: „Seni morwmune Zmis dadrdma ar gagacinos. mogvianebiT RmerTi mas Seiwyalebs da mis dReS Sen Cagagdebs“. (Tirmizi, yiame, 54)

5. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis adamianebs religiuri da profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis saSualeba unda hqondeT

im adamianebisTvis profesiuli da religiuri ganaTlebis micema, romlebsac laparakis, smenis, mxedvelobis da sxva unarSezRuduloba an sxva saxis gonebrivi an fizikuri problemebi gaaCniaT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. amasTanave yuradReba unda mieqces unarSezRudul da avadmyofi naTesavebis ganaTlebas.

am procesSi ojaxis faqtori gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. ojaxebma unda icodnen saimisod moqceva, raTa bavSvi unarSezRuduli da invalidi ar daibados. ase unda ufrTxildebodnen gazrdis procesSi, raTa mozardi daudevrobis Sedegad ar dainvaliddes. saamiso prevenciul RonisZiebebs Soris umTavresia axlo naTesavebs Soris qorwinebisgan Tavis Sekaveba, orsulobisas sigaretis, alkoholisa da narkotikebis miRebisgan Tavis Sekavea da sxva.

adamianis organizmSi raime darRveva da daavadeba rac ufro adre iqneba aRmoCenili da mkurnaloba rac ufro male daiwyeba miTufro kargi iqneba Sedegi. amitom, aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSreiT ojaxebis CarTuloba, maTi informirebuloba ukiduresad mniSvnelovani faqtoria. unarSezRudulis reabilitaciis procesSi ojaxis wevrebis codna da sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli informireuloba warmatebis erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria.

saxelmwifoc da ojaxic valdebulni arian yuradReba miaqcion, raTa pirovneba raRac formiT ar dainvaliddes. saamisod saWiroa meti informireuloba da usafrTxoeba, cxovrebis jansaRi wesis xelSewyoba da sxva. saxelmwifo da ojaxi aseve valdebulia yuradReba miaqcios bavSvebs, romlebsac dainvalideba emuqrebaT da invalidobis riski da sirTule minimumamde daiyvanon.

Tu yovelgvari mcdelobisa da prevenciis miuxedavad bavSvi invalidi daibada an SemdgomSi dainvalidda, amis gamo zedmeti da gadaWarbebuli wuxili da godeba ar aris saWiro. am mdgomareobaSi myofma mSoblebma gamosavalis Zieba unda daiwyon, mkurnalobas mimarTon, moiTminon da aseve kargi iqneba Tu mimarTaven fsiqologsac daxmarebisaTvis. fsiqologis rCevebi namdvilad gamoadgebaT rogorc maT, ise unarSezRudul Svils.

invalidi bavSvebis sazogadoebisgan damalva, maT gamo sircxvilis SegrZneba, Tavis damcirebulad miCneva miuRebeli saqcielia. aseve miuRebelia aborti im mizeziT, rom SeiZleba bavSvi invalidi gaCndeso. adamiani RmerTisgan momdinare yvelafrisTvis kmayofili unda iyos. yvelam unda icodes, rom es qveyana gamocdis adgilia. gamocdas vinc kargad gaivlis imqveynad dajildovdeba. invalidebs ki mzrunveloba gansakuTrebiT sWirdebaT da maTze zrunva didi madlia. SeiZleba RmerTma amis gamo Seiwyalos adamiani da samoTxiT daajildovos.

saxelmwifosa da sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebs aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSirebiT didi movaleobebi akisriaT. swored maT unda uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi ojaxebis informirebuloba da unarSezRudulaTa reabilitaciisTvis daxmareba. am mxriv momuSave organizaciebisa da fondebze daxmareba da Tanadgoma Cveni adamianuri, religiuri da socialuri valdebulebaa.

6. unarSezRudulebs saWiroa hqondeT muSaobis saSualeba

ojaxebi , romlebsac unarSezRuduli bavSvi yavT unda CaerTon programaSi, sadac maT fsiqologiurad da socialuri kuTxiT daexmarebian. aseve mniSvnelovania maTTvis garkveuli socialuri garantiebis Seqmna. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania es ambavi gaiTvaliswinon damsaqmeblebma da saxelmwifom da SesaZleblobebis farglebSi, unarSezRudulebi daasaqmon. es maT daexmareba rogorc materialura, ise fsiqologiuradac da isini ojaxis tvirTad aRar igrZnoben Tavs.

Suamavali brZanebda: „Tu gardacvlili qonebas datovebs is Tavis memkvidres ekuTvnis, xolo Tu gardacvlili misaxed adamianebs datovebs, maTze zrunva me mevaleba“. (buhari, feraiz 25) gamomdinare aqdan Cans, Tu raoden didi pasuxismgebloba gaaCniaT mmarTvelebs sazogadoebis da gansakuTrebiT ki unarSezRudulebis, avadmyofebisa da sxva mzrunvelobamoklebulebis mimarT. Suamavali icavda da zrunavda invalidebsa da mzrunveloba moklebl adamianebze. cdilobda maTi SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT daesaqmebina isini da maTi sazogadoebasTan integracia moexdina. Suamavali ar Tvlida rom unarSezRudulebi sazogadoebis tvirTi iyvnen da unda emaTxovraT.

piriqiT, is cdilobda daesaqmebina da SeZlebisdagvarad sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo saqmianobaSi Caeba isini. magaliTad mu’az ibn jebeli, romelic koWli iyo, Suamavalma iemenis mmarTvelad gagzavna. ‘edullah bin ummi meqTumi mxedvelobis unarSezRuduli iyo, magram Suamavalma mas 13-jer Caabara medinas marTva, roca TviTon qalaqidan gadioda. garda amisa, ‘ebdullah bin ummi meqTumi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, meqasa da medinaSi muezinis movaleobas asrulebda.

Suamavalis „ashabs“ Soris ‘iTban ibn maliqi aseve mxedvelobis unarSezRuduli iyo. Suamavlis nebarTviT is Tavisi gvari imamobas anu winamZRolobas eweoda. yvela es magaliTi cxadyofs, rom Suamavali unarSezRudulebs TavianTi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi rTavda da Sanss aZlevda sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo saqme ekeTebinaT. amgvari damokidebuleba marTlac samagaliToa momavali TaobebisTvis.

dasasruls

adamiani an unarSezRudulia, an axlobeli yavs unarSezRuduli an kidev invalidobis potenciuri kandidatia. gamomdinare aqedan es Tema yvelas Seexeba. amitom am TemasTan dakavSirebiT SiSi ki ar aris saWiro, aramed sifrTxile da yuradReba. Cveni ZiriTadi movaleobaa am problemasTan dakavSrebuli yvelaferi vicodeT da rac SeiZleba metad iformirebulebi viyoT.

RmerTi adamianebs rwmenis, RvTismsaxurebis, RvTismoSiSeobiT da saqcielis mixedviT afasebs da ara aRnagobis, kanis feris, eTnikuri kuTvnilebis, sqesisa da msgavsi faqtorebis mixedviT.

yuranSi adamianis SezRudul SesaZleblobebze xSiradaa saubari da es sakiTxi naxsenebia rogorc pirdapiri gagebiT, ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTac. ZiriTadad saubaria mxedvelobis, smenis, metyvelebis, orTopediul da gonebriv unarSezRudulobaze.

rodesac unarSezRudulobis Sesaxeb gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTaa saubari, aq igulisxmeba adamiani, romelic RvTis sityvas ver gebulobs, ar ismens da RvTiur saswaulebs ver xedavs. aseve saubaria saiqioSi sibrmaveze, simunjesa da sxva unarSezRudulobaze, rac urwmunoTa xvedria.

RmerTma adamiani saukeTeso formiT gaaCina da adamianis sulieri da fizikuri silamazis dacva mniSvnelovani movaleobaa. am movaleobis ugulebelyofa adamianebSi mraval problemebs iwvevs da maT Soris invalidobas.

garda amisa adamiani sicocxlisa da sikvdilis gziT mudmivad gamocdis mdgomareobaSia. adamiani zogjer uxvi wyalobiT, zogjer ki gansacdeliT gamoicdeba. amitom Tavs gadaxdenili yoveli gansacdelis mizezi yovelTvis TviTon adamiani SeiZleba ar iyos. RvTiuri gamocdis garda SeiZleba problemebis mizezi TviTon adamianis, ojaxis, garemos daudevroba an sxva msgavsi faqtori iyos.

gansacdeli ra mizeziTac ar unda iyos movlenili, upirveles yovlisa adamians evaleba simSvide da moTmineba. simSide da moTmineba xels ar uSlis imas, rom adamianma paralelurad gamosavali eZebos da mkurnalobis gzebs mimarTos. am gzebis Ziebisas adamiani paralelurad unda fiqrobdes, rom es yvelaferi RmerTis nebiT moxda. RmerTs rom ar enebebina ar moxdeboda. Sesabamisad amaSi aris sikeTe. amgvari midgoma adamians daamSvidebs da amasTanave rwmenas gauZlierebs.

mravali adamiani dabadebidan an SemdgomSi gadatanili travmis Sedegad dainvalidebula. vin icis vis ra moelis. SeiZleba nebismiers SeemTxves msgavsi ram da dainvaliddes. RmerTma yvela daifaros. zogi moZraobis unars kargavs, kidurebis amputacias ukeTeben, an dabrmavdeba, an dayruvdeba da sxva. amitom erTis mxriv aucilebelia janmrTelobis SenarCunebisTvis sifrTxile gamoviCinoT da prevenciul zomebs mivmarToT. meores mxriv ki ukve dainvalidebuli adamianebis cxovrebis gaumjobesebisaTvis unda vizrunoT. aseve xeli unda SevuwyoT rogorc maTi ise ojaxisa da sazogadoebis maqsimalur informirebulobas.

avadmyofebi da invalidebi gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis qveS unda gvyavdes. isini unda davafasoT da maTi guli movigoT. SeZlebisdagvarad unda vecadoT maTi sazogadoebaSi integracia da cxovreba maqsimalurad gavuadviloT. aseve saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos maTi ioli gadaadgilebisaTvis saWiro infrastruqturis mowyoba. maqsimalurad unda davexmaroT iseT ojaxebs, sadac SezRuduli SesaZleblobis adamianebi cxovroben. amasTanave Sesabamisi pirobebis farglebSi unda vecadoT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Sesaferis samuSaoze dasaqmeba. amrigad isini igrZnoben im bednierebas, rasac sakuTari sarCos mopoveba hqvia.

aseve mniSvnelovania SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis ganaTleba, raTa SedarebiT farTo asparezi gaaCndeT. dauSvebelia maT mimarT Rirsebis Semlaxavi damokidebuleba da damamcirebeli mimarTva. es adamianis moraluri da religiuri valdebulebaa. amitom kategoriulad miuRebelia damamcirebeli metsaxelebis Serqmeva. magaliTad, brma, koWli, yru da sxva. amasTanave ar SeiZleba maTi misamarTiT iseTi xumroba, rac maT daamcirebs da guls atkens.