doq. muhlis aqari

WeSmaritebis

aRqma

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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 05.02.2020/33

ISBN: 978-605-7751-81-2
2020-06-Y-0003-1766
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1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2020

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„vin isurvebs gakotrebas? vin isurvebs dakargos yvelaferi, rac gaaCnia? gana advilia aseTi stresisa da sasowarkveTilebis gadatana? erT dRes Suamavalma gadawyvita misi megobrebi am yvelaferze dafiqrebuliyvnen da maT hkiTxa: „iciT, Tu ara, vin aris gakotrebuli?“ iq myofTagan erT-erTma upasuxa: „gakotrebuli isaa, vinc mTel qonebas dakargavs“. Tumca Suamavali amas ar gulisxmobda. mas surda mis megobrebs gaegoT, rom qonebis da mTeli fulis dakargvaze ufro mZime gakotrebac arsebobda. misi nagulisxmevi gakotreba materialurs ki ara, suliers ukavSirdeboda.

Suamavalma gaagrZela: Cemi mimdevrebidan namdvilad gakotrebulad is CaiTvleba, romelic gankiTxvis dRes mxolod namaziT, marxviTa da gacemuli zeqaTiT mova, arada amqveynad cxovrebisas viRacas Seuracxyofa miayena, viRacas cili daswama, viRacis qoneba miiTvisa, viRacis sisxli daRvara, viRacas fizikurad gausworda... (maTi uflebebis aRdgenisaTvis, visi uflebebic man daarRvia) mis mier nakeTebi madli dazaralebulebs gaunawildebaT. Tu samarTlis aRdgenamde misi madli amoiwureba, dazaralebulebs codvebi moexsnebaT da mas daewereba. amis Semdeg is jojoxeTSi ganmwesdeba“. (muslim, bir ve sila, 59)

ra aris ufleba?

adamiani dedamiwis yvelaze Rirebuli, gonieri da Zlieri arsebaa. man itvirTa is pasuxismgebloba, rac „cam da dedamiwam ver itvirTa“. Sesabamisad adamianis cxovrebas Tan axlavs pasuximgebloba. sadac pasuximgeblobaa iq garkveuli uflebebic arsebobs, radgan ufleba da pasuximgebloba erTimeores avseben da isini erTimeoris meoxebiT iZenen mniSvnelobas.

Cvens enaSi ufleba da WeSmariteba gaigivebulia. WeSmariteba marTal naTqvams da swor gzas niSnavs. ufleba, es simarTlea, romelic unda ganxorcieldes. ufleba adamianis privilegiaa, romelic konkretul situaciaSi mas upiratesobas aZlevs. Sesabamisad ufleba is SesaZleblobaa, romelsac samarTali uflebis mqones unarCunebs.

islamis mixedviT ufleba
ufro metad dafuZnebulia
gacemaze, vidre aRebaze.
es imas niSnavs, rom muslimi upirveles yovlisa sxvebis uflebebs unda ufrTxildebodes da
amis Semdeg moiTxovos Tavisi.

upirveles yovlisa, absoluturi WeSmariteba uzenaesi gamCenia. misi arseboba ualternativo, absoluturi WeSmaritebaa.

yvela arseba man gaaCina da aseve amqveyniuri cxovrebis regulirebisaTvis aucilebeli ufleba-movaleobebic man gagvacno. „RmerTo, Sen WeSmariti xar, Seni aRTqmac WeSmaritia, Seni sityvac WeSmaritia da aseve WeSmaritebaa is, rom Sendami moviqceviT“. (buhari, Tevhid, 35)

RmerTi sul mcirediTac rom iyos, aravis uflebas ar daarRvevs. is yvelas samarTlianad swyalobs. RmerTis codna da sibrZne usazRvroa da yvela adamianis uflebas Tavad gankargavs. is adamianebisgan samarTlianobis dacvas iTxovs, raTa dedamiwaze cxovrebis procesSi wonasworoba SenarCundes. islamSi ufleba gacemis principzea agebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom upirveles yovlisa sxvaTa uflebebi unda davicvaT da Semdeg sakuTari moviTxovoT.

ufleba da pasuxismgebloba
sasworis ori mxarea. adamians Tavisi uflebebis
sapirispirod Sesabamisi wonis pasuximgebloba gaaCnia.
sadac arsebobs ufleba, iq arsebobs valdebulebac da valdebuli vincaa, is iTvaliswinebs uflebas.

yoveldRiur cxovrebas Tu davakvirdebiT, aRmovaCenT, rom mravali mimarTulebiT movaleobebi gagvaCnia. Cven movaleobebi gvakisria RvTis winaSe, Suamavlis winaSe, islamis winaSe, mSoblebis winaSe, sakuTari sxeulis winaSe, mezobelebis, megobrebis, oblebis, Raribebis, mgzavrebis, yoveli adamianis, yvela arsebisa da garemos winaSec garkveuli valdebulebebi gagvaCnia. yvela am uflebis gaTvaliswinebisa da Sesabamisi movaleobebis Sesrulebis Semdeg Cven gvelodeba Sesaferisi jildo. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, yovel uflebas axlavs Sesabamisi movaleobac.

ufleba da pasuxismgebloba sasworis ori mxarea. adamians Tavisi uflebebis sapirispirod Sesabamisi wonis pasuximgebloba gaaCnia. sadac arsebobs ufleba, iq arsebobs valdebulebac da valdebuli vincaa, is iTvaliswinebs uflebas.

gamomdinare aqedan, Cven yvelas mravali mimarTulebiT uflebebic gagvaCnia da movaleobebic. adamianis uflebebi da pasuximgeblobebi or ZiriTad jgufad SeiZleba gavyoT: RvTis winaSe arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi. pirveli gulisxmobs yvela im valdebulebasa da pasuxismgeblobas, romelic gamCenis winaSe gvakisria, xolo meore is regulaciebia, rac adamianebs Tanacxovrebis procesSi sWirdebaT.

Cveni damokidebuleba RmerTTan gansazRvravs Tu ra damokidebuleba gveqneba adamianebTan. Sesabamisad, RvTis winaSe Cveni valdebulebebis Sesruleba mxolod RvTismsaxurebiT ar aris gansazRvruli. is sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo sakiTxebsac moicavs.

RvTis winaSe arsebuli valdebulebebi

rogor unda movixadoT RvTis winaSe vali, roca gagvaCina, uTvalavi wyalobiT agvavso, gvasuldgmulebs, gvicavs, gvibralebs, gvpatiobs da gvacxonebs?! ra aris is pasuxismgebloba, rac Cveni gonebis, unarebis, codnisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT gagvaCnia?! RmerTsa da adamians Soris urTierTobebi ra saxiT formirdeba?

am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad isev da isev Suamavals unda mivmarToT. gavixsenoT Suamavlisa da muaz bin jebelis dialogi: „muaz, ici adamianebs RmerTis winaSe ra evalebaT? – „RmerTma da Suamavalma ukeT ician“, - upasuxa muazma. Suamavalma ki brZana: „adamianebis RvTis winaSe valia Tanaziari ar gauxadon mas da aRasrulon RvTismsaxureba. –„da amis Semdeg RmerTi ras gaakeTebs?“ - ikiTxa isev Suamavalma. muazis pasuxi igive iyo, rom RmerTma da Suamavalma ukeT icodnen. Suamavalma ki gaagrZela: „RmerTi maT sasjels aaSorebs da samoTxeSi daamkvidrebs“. (ix. muslim, iman, 48, 29)

RvTis winaSe Cveni upirvelesi valia viwamoT RmerTi, vaRiaroT misi arseboba da erTaderToba. amis Semdeg Cveni valia RvTismsaxureba. diadi gamCeni yuranSi brZanebs:

„Tayvani eciT allahs da aravin gauxadoT Tanaziari mas. da kargad moepyariT mSoblebs, axloblebs, oblebs, Ratakebs, mezoblebs, naTesavebsa da ucxoebs, TanamoZmeebs, mogzaurebs da maT, romelnic Tqvenma marjvenam moipova. ueWvelad, allahs ar uyvars, vinc arian qedmaRalni, medidurni“. (nisa 4/36)

aiaTidan gamomdinare RmerTi mogviwodebs rwmenasa da Tayvaniscemas. Cven unda gaviazroT erTi RmerTs rwmena da msaxureba. RvTisadmi rwmena sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi unda aisaxebodes. RmerTi mxolod RvTimsaxurebas ar gvavalebs. misdami rwmena yvelasaTvis sasargeblo, sazogadoebriv sakiTxebsac moicavs. adamianTa uflebebis dacva, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebisTvis zrunva da usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg brZola RvTisadmi rwmenis gamovlinebaa.

Cveni vali adamianisa da

sazogadoebis winaSe

adamianisa da zogadad sazogadoebrivi vali adamianebisa da garemos mimarT valdebulebebs gulisxmobs. yovel adamians dabadebidanve garkveuli uflebebi eniWeba da amasTanave cxovrebis msvlelobisas is iZens sxvadasxva uflebebsa da movaleobebs. eseni SeiZleba iyos rogorc materialuri saxis, ise sulieri sferosTvis damaxasiaTebeli uflebebi da movaleobebi. cxovrebis manZlze Cven movipovebT uflebas miviRoT yvela is sikeTe, romelic siyvaruls, megobrobas da urTierTbebs aZlierebs da samarTlian garemos qmnis da sxvebis mimarT Cvens damokidebulebebsac amis mixedviT varegulirebT. Suamavali gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda adamianisa da zogadsakacobrio uflebebs. (ix. ebu davud, buiu, 49)

Cvens religiaSi adamianis uflebebi naTladaa gansazRvruli. rodesac adamiani RvTis winaSe arsebul movaleobas ixdis da RvTismsaxurebas asrulebs, amavdroulad sxva adamianebis uflebebi ar unda daarRvios.

aqve gavixsenoT Suamavlis rCeva, romelic man abdullah bin amrs urCia. abdullahi Rrmadmorwmune adamiani iyo. is RmerTTan daaxloebis mizniT yoveldRe cdilobda emarxula, Rameebs locvaSi atarebda da yoveldRurad yurans kiTxulobda. droTa ganmavlobaSi am yvelaferma gamoiwvia is, rom abdullahi ojaxs saTanado yuradRebas veRar aqcevda. abdullahis mamam es ambavi Suamavals mouyva. Suamavalma abdullahs Sexvda da uTxra: „abdullah, gavige, rom dRisiT marxulob da Rameebs locvaSi atareb. ase ar moiqce. Seni sxeulis, Seni Tvalebis da Seni oajxis uflebebi ar daaRvio“. (ix. muslim, siam 193)

cnobilia aseve msgavsi SemTxveva, rodesac Suamavalma osman bin muazi gaafrTxila, rom sakuTari Tavis, ojaxis da stumris uflebebi ar daerRvia. osmanic srulad RvTismsaxurebaze iyo gadasuli amqveyniuri yvelaferi mitovebuli hqonda. (ix. ebu davud, TaTavvu, 27) gamomdinare aqedan zomiereba sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani ramaa.

rodesac vfiqrobT, rom amqveyniuri
cxovreba droebiTia da qoneba
adamians amanaTad aqvs mibarebuli,
maSin gacemis mniSvneloba ufro
mkafio da azriani xdeba.

sazogadoebrivi qonebisa da sazogadoebrivi valis mimarT yuradRebis gamoCena morwmunis valdebulebaa. yuranSi nabZanebia:

„SeuZlebelia Suamavalma icruos. da vinc icruebs, Tavisive tyuiliT warsdgeba aRdgomis dRes. mere yvela suls srulad miezRveba Tavisi SenaZenisTvis, da isini ar daiCagrebian“. (ali imran 3/161)

ar unda dagvaviwydes,
rom RvTis winaSe
adamianis valiT
wardgoma didi
codvaa.
Tu vinmes
ufleba davarRvieT,
unda vecadoT
gamosworebas
da patieba vTxovoT.

Suamavali sazogadoebriv qonebas did yuradRebas aqcevda da am mxriv misi damokidebuleba Riad aqvs dafiqsirebuli. cnobilia, rom Suamavali sazogadoebrivi qonebis qurdebis gasvenebas ar eswreboda. (ix. muvaTT, jihad, 23) erTxelac hz. omarma Suamavals uTxra, rom viRac mebrZoli Sahidi gaxda. Suamavalma ki uTxra, rom is pirovneba saerTo nadavlidan moparuli mosacmeliT jojoxeTSi naxa. (ix. muslim, iman, 182)

gza, skola, Sadrevani da msgavsi adgilebi, romlebic sazogadoebrivi sargeblobisa gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs da Cveni damokidebuelebebiT sxvaTa uflebebi ar unda davarRvioT. (ix. buhari, mezalim, 13) Suamavali aseve brZanebs, rom pirovnebis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwebi xelSeuxebelia da aseve yuradRebiT unda movekidoT sazogadoebrivi moxmarebis adgilebs, rogoricaa gzebi, moednebi da sxva. gzaze mosiaruleebi ar unda SevawuxoT, gzebi ar unda gadavketoT, salamze salmiTve vupasuxoT, sikeTe vakeToT da borotebas gasaqani ar mivceT. (ix. buhari, mezalim 22)

samwuxarod dRevandel cxovrebaSi pirovnuli da sazogadoebrivi uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi yoveldRiurad vlindeba. xSiria sxvisi qonebis xeloyofis faqtebi, sazogadoebrivi qonebis dazianebisa da vandalizmis SemTxvevebi. adamianebi iparaven wyalsa da eleqtro-energias. yoveldRiurad gvesmis qrTamis aRebisa da SerCeviTi samarTlis faqtebi. iflangeba saxelmwifo biujeti, raionebis, meriis, saqvelmoqmedo fondebis fuli, ziandeba inventari da sxva. adamianebi sakuTari sargebelis gamo daudevrad anagvianeben haers, garemos, wyals. ar icaven sagzao moZraobis wesebs. xmamaRali musikiT awuxeben adamianebs. Zirs yrian sigaretis namwvebs, boTlebs, paketebs da a.S. yvela eseni da msgavsi qcevebi morwmune muslimisTvis Seuferebeli saqcielia da Sesabamisad miuRebelia.

aseve samwuxaro magaliTebis moyvana kidev SeiZleba da es ukanaskneli sazogadoebaSi TiTqmis normadaa miCneuli, Tumca sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da stabilurobisaTvis didi zianis momtania. magaliTad micemuli sityvis Seusrulebloba, tyuili, samsaxurSi drois uqmad flangva, gamocdebze e.w. Spargalkis gamoyeneba, an SekiTxvebis winaswar moparva, manqanis araswor adgilas parkireba, plagiatoba, sxvisi internetis unebarTvod gamoyeneba, ubileTod mgzavroba, rigSi unebarTvod win wasvla da sxva.

is adamianebi, romlebic sxvis sicocxles, janmrTelobas, namuss da sxva xelSeuxebel uflebebs ar daicaven, saiqioSi aucileblad daisjebian. aseve daisjebian isini, vinc sazogadoebriv qonebas zians miayeneben. saiqio bednierebisaTvis ki adamiani amqveynadve unda zrunavdes da man sxvebis uflebebi ar unda daarRvios.Suamavali brZanebs: Cemi mimdevrebidan namdvilad gakotrebulad is CaiTvleba, romelic gankiTxvis dRes mxolod namaziT, marxviTa da gacemuli zeqaTiT mova, arada amqveynad cxovrebisas viRacas Seuracxyofa miayena, viRacas cili daswama, viRacis qoneba miiTvisa, viRacis sisxli daRvara, viRacas fizikurad gausworda... (maTi uflebebis aRdgenisaTvis, visi uflebebic man daarRvia) mis mier nakeTebi madli dazaralebulebs gaunawildebaT. Tu samarTlis aRdgenamde misi madli amoiwureba, dazaralebulebs codvebi moexsnebaT da mas daewereba. amis Semdeg is jojoxeTSi ganmwesdeba“. (muslim, bir ve sila, 59)

gankiTxvis dRes gakotrebulTa siaSi rom ar aRmovCndeT, amqveynad sxvaTa uflebebi ar unda davarRvioT. axla warmogidgenT am mimarTulebiT gasaTvaliswinebeli zogierTi uflebis Sesaxeb.

sicocxlis ufleba

yovel adamians dabadebidanve gaaCnia fundamenturi uflebebi, romlebic ar aris damokidebuli iseT faqtorebze, rogoricaa religia, erovneba, kanis feri, sqesi da sxva. yoveli adamianis sicocxle Zvirfasi da xelSeuxebelia. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„amisTvis davuwereT israilis SvilT, rom vinc mohklas adamiani ara adamianis wil da ara qveyanaze ukeTurobis gasawmendad, TiTqosda mTeli xalxi amoewyvitos. da vinc adamians sicocxles SeunarCunebs, TiTqosda mTeli xalxisTvis SeenarCunebinos sicocxle. vficav! Cveni Suamavalni ukve iyvnen maTTan misulni cxadi mtkicebaniT , magram amis Semdgomac, ueWvelad, bevri imaTgani mainc ganagrZobda dedamiwaze zRvargadasulobas “. (maide, 5/32)

sicocxlis ufleba mucladyofnisTanave iwyeba. aravis aqvs ufleba Sewyvitos nayofis sicocxle abortis an sxva msgavsi meTodebiT, Tu amas gadaudebeli samedicino aucilebloba ar iTxovs. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„da ar miekaroT oblebis qonebas, sanam srulwlovanebas miaRweven, garda sasikeTod; da SeasruleT zoma da wona WeSmaritad, Cven ar vakisrebT arc erT suliers, garda rac ZaluZs. da roca Tqvens azrs gamoTqvamT, iyaviT samarTlianni, Tund naTesavi iyos. da SeasruleT Tqven allahis aRTqma. ai, ase dagiwesaT man, egebis gulisxmahyoT Tqven!“ (enam 6/151)

yovel bavSvs dabadebidanve ufleba aqvs icxovros mSoblebTan erTad, iyos kargad miRebuli, hqondes sakvebi, miiRos ganaTleba, iyos daculi da a.S. yoveli bavSvis sulieri da fizikuri usafrTxoeba daculi unda iyos. rogorc ki bavSvi srulwlovani gaxdeba uflebebTan erTad pasuximgeblobebic daekisreba. yovel zrdasrul adamians ufleba aqvs icxovros iseT garemoSi, sadac misi sulieri da fizikuri usafrTxoeba, sadac misi Rirseba da sakuTreba daculi iqneba. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! dae, erTma xalxma ar dascinos meore xalxs, iqneb isini ukeTesni arian maTze. da arc qalebma sxva qalebs, egeb isini ukeTesni arian maTze. da ar moscxoT Cirqi erTmaneTs da ar mouxmoT erTmaneTs Seuracxmyofeli metsaxelebiT. rwmenis miRebis Semdgom raoden cudia Tvisebaa sisaZagele. xolo vinc ar moinaniebs, swored, rom egeni arian usamarTloni.

hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan Tqvengan zogma sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia“. (hujuraT 49/11-12)

Suamavali gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi ambobs: „ (xalxo) rogorc wmindaa es (zilhijje) Tve, es qalaqi (meqa), es dRe (arafa), iseTve wmindaa Tveni sicocxle, sisxli, qoneba da Rirseba da igivenairad xelSeuxebelia“. (buhari, ilim 9)

Cven mSoblis
winaSe valSi
varT im tkbili
iavnanas, vedrebisa
da keTili
survilebis gamo.

mSoblebis vali

adamianis winaSe valdebulebebis xsenebaze, upirveles yovlisa, yvelaze axloblebi gvaxsendeba. aiaTSi nabrZanebia:

„im dRes gaiqceva adamiani RviZli Zmisgan, dedisgan, mamisgan,

meuRlisgan da Svilebisgan!“ (abese 80/34-36) yvelaze meti ufleba-movaleobebi vis winaSec gvakisria, eseni sworedac, rom Cveni yvelaze axlo naTesavebi da ojaxis wevrebi arian. dedebi Svilebs cxra Tve mucliT atareben, Semdeg ki rogori mzrunvelobiTa da wvalebiT zrdian. ramdeni uZilo Rameebi, sakvebze da usafrTxoebaze zrunva, tkbili iavnana da kidev ramdeni ram aris, rasac mSobeli SvilisTvis akeTebs. Suamavali brZanebs, rom yvelaze kargi urTierTba dedasTan unda gvqondes. (ix. buhari, edeb, 2)

aseve didi amagi aqvT mamebs. zamTar-zafxul, dRe da Rame Sromoben, raTa ojaxi, Svilebi gamokvebon da maTi usafrTxoeba daicvan. gana im mamis amagi aiwoneba, romelic wesier Svilebs gazrdis?!mama is adamiania, romelic Svilebis sulier da fizikur sijansaReze zrunavs.

yoveli mama, romelic svilebis aRzrdaze zrunavs, siyvarulsa da pativiscemas imsaxurebs. rodesac Suamavali mamis amagze yveboda, man brZana: „mamis amags vercerTi Sili ver gadaixdis. iqneb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sadme monad myofs miagnebs, gamoisyidis da gaaTavisuflebs“. (muslim, iTq, 25)

diadi RmerTi rwmenis Semdeg adamianebisgan mSoblebisadmi pativiscemas iTxovs:

„Tayvani eciT allahs da aravin gauxadoT Tanaziari mas. da kargad moepyariT mSoblebs, axloblebs, oblebs, Ratakebs, mezoblebs, naTesavebsa da ucxoebs, TanamoZmeebs, mogzaurebs da maT, romelnic Tqvenma marjvenam moipova. ueWvelad, allahs ar uyvars, vinc arian qedmaRalni, medidurni“, (nisa 4/36)

miTufro, roca mSoblebi moxucdebian, maT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da Tbili mopyroba sWirdebaT:

„da dagidgina Senma RmerTma, rom ar eTayvanoT aravis, garda misi da keTilad moeqceT mSoblebs. Tu mSobelTagan erT-erTi an orive miaRwevs siberemde, ar uTxra: „uh!“ da ar gauwyre maT da lamazi sityva uTxari!

da isini mfarvelobis qveS aiyvane lmobierebiTa da TavmdablobiT da Tqvi: RmerTo Cemo! pataraobisas rogorc gamzardes, ise Seiwyale eseni!“ (isra 17/23-24)

Svilebis winaSe valdebulebebi

rogorc Svilebs mSoblebis mimarT valdebulebebi gaaCniaT, ise mSoblebsac Svilebis mimarT gaaCniaT valdebulebebi. upirveles yovlisa Svili iseTi unda miviRoT, rogoric daibada da ar unda ganvasxvavoT biWia Tu gogo. jer lamazi saxeli unda SevurCioT, mere mis jansaR kvebaze unda vizrunoT. bavSvi Tanaswor da samarTlian garemoSi unda izrdebodes. dauSvebelia Zaladoba an da-Zmebisgan gamorCeva, bavSvobisa da Tineijerobis asakSi unda SevaswavloT religia, kultura, tradiciebi, xeli SevuwyoT kargad swavlaSi da kargi profesiis arCevaSi. roca dro mova, aseve xeli unda SevuwyoT qorwinebis sakiTxSi, raTa bednieri ojaxi Seqmnas.

meuRleTa uflebebi

„misi saswaulebidanaa isic, rom Tqvenganve gaaCina Tqveni mewyvile, raTa ipovoT masSi simSvide, dagidginaT erTmaneTSi siyvaruli da mowyaleba. ueWvelad, amaSi saswaulebia moazrovne xalxTaTvis!“ (rum 30/21) rogorc aiaTSia nabrZanebi RmerTma SeuRlebulebs siyvaruli da Semwynarebloba uwyaloba. amdenad orive meuRles ufleba aqvs meuRlisgan siyvaruli da pativiscema miiRos. qorwineba rogorc mamakacis, ise qalisTvis bednierebisa da simSvidis garanti unda iyos. meuRleebi erTimeores mudmivad mxarSi unda edgnen da avsebdnen.

amasTanave yuranSi mocemulia Tu ra pasuxismgeblobebi akisriaT qorwinebaSi myof wyvilebs. qorwineba seriozuli nabijia da yoveli adamiani, romelic ojaxs Seqmnis, aucileblad unda dafiqrdes ojaxisa da Tanacxovrebis mniSvnelobaze. ojaxuri Tanacxovrebis dros meuRleebma unda gaiTvaliswinon erTimeoris uflebebi da aseve unda grZnobdnen pasuximgeblobas. qorwinebis Sesaxeb yuranSi mravali rCevaa mocemuli. yuranSi aseve ganmartebulia qorwinebisa da ganqorwinebis wesebi::

„gacilebuli qalebi Tavs ikaveben (xelmeored dasaqorwineblad) sam qalTa wess. Tu swamT allahi da dRe ukanaskneli, neba ar aqvT damalon, rac allahma gauCina maT saSvilosnoebSi. xolo maTi qmrebi ufro Rirseuli arian am dros daibrunon isini, Tuki surT Serigeba. da qalebs aqvT igive uflebebi, ra uflebebic maTze (qmrebs) aqvT kanonis farglebSi. oRond qmrebi maTze maRla arian erTi safexuriT. ueWvelad, allahi Zlevamosilia, brZenia.

yoveli
muslimis valia
Wirsa da lxinSi
naTesavis
gverdiT
iyos da
rTul dReebSi
Tanadgoma
gamoucxados.

ganqorwineba mxolod orjeraa (SesaZlebeli). amis Semdgom Tqven an daitovebT colebs wesisamebr an gaeyrebiT keTilganwyobiT. nebadarTuli ar aris aranairi Tqvens mier naCuqaris ukan gamorTmeva, mxolod maSin, Tu orive mxares eSinia, rom gadava allahis dadgenil normebs. da Tu Tqven geSiniaT, rom is ori ver daakmayofileben allahis dadgenil normebs, maSin codva araa arc erTze imaSi, rom qali Tavs gamoisyidis. aseTia allahis dadgenili normebi da ar gadascdeT mas. da vinc gadascdeba allahis dadgenil normebs, swored, isini arian codvilni!“ (bayara 2/228) aiaTSi mocemulia Tu ra uflebebi gaaCniaT qorwinebaSi myof adamianebs da rogor aris daregulirebuli qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

naTesavTa uflebebi

rodesac ojaxi farTovdeba, amis bunebrivi Sedegia naTesavuri kavSrebis gamravleba. naTesavobac Tavis mxriv garkveul valdebulebebs badebs. RmerTi gvibrZanebs SevinarCunoT naTesavuri kavSirebi da davexmaroT naTesavebs.

„ueWvelad, allahi brZanebs samarTlianobas, sikeTis keTebas da naTesavebze daxmarebas. da krZalavs siZvas, gasakicx qmedebebs da usamarTlobas. igi SegagonebT Tqven, egebis gulisxmahyoT!“ (nahl 16/90)

gamomdinare aqedan yoveli adamiani valdebulia sikeTiT moepyras naTesavs da daexmaros mas. es mogveTxoveba rogorc zneobrivad, ise sulieradac. Suamavali brZanebs: „visac swams RmerTis da gankiTxvis dRisa, naTesavuri kavSirebi ar gawyvitos“. (ix. buhari, edeb 85) yoveli muslimis valia Wirsa da lxinS naTesavis gverdiT iyos da rTul dReebSi Tanadgoma gamoucxados.

mezobloba

RmerTi brZanebs, rom mezoblebs, axlo iqneba Tu Sori, sikeTiT unda movepyroT. (ix. nisa 4/36) Suamavali ki mogviwodebs: „mezobels sikeTe gaukeTe, raTa morwmune iyo“. (ix. Tirmizi, zuhd, 2) Tanamedrove epoqaSi mezobluri urTierTbebi Sesustebulia, amitom Suamavlis am rCevas didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia.

yovel mezobels ufleba aqvs mezoblisgan sikeTe miiRos. Suamavali gvirCevs, rom wvnianis momzadebisas cota meti movamzadoT da mezoblebi gaviTvaliswinoT. (ix. muslim, bir ve sila 143) rodesac Suamavlis megobarTagan abdullah bin amri saxlSi mivida, naxa, rom cxvari daeklaT da gemrieli vaxSami moemzadebinaT. abdullahma maSinve ikiTxa, Cvens ebrael mezobels Tu miarTviTo. Semdeg ki dasZina, rom mas axsovda Suamavlis Semdegi sityvebi: „(angelozma)jebrailma mezoblis Sesaxeb imdeni ram miTxra, rom megona mezobels mezoblis memkvidred daadgenda“. (Tirmizi, bir ve sila 28)

garda amisa, yoveli adamiani valdebulia mezobeli daicvas ubedurebisa da zianisagan. TiToeuli Cvengani mezobels unda icavdes, rogorc materialuri, ise sulieri zianisgan. Suamavali ambobs, rom saxlis an miwis gayidvisas mezobels upiratesoba gaaCnia. (ix. ebu davud, buiu 75) is adamiani, romlis Sesaxebac mezobeli darwmunebuli ar aris, rom arafers dauSavebs, samoTxeSi ver Sevao, brZans Suamavali.

(ix. muslim, iman 73. es gafrTxileba cxadyofs, rom mezoblebTan urTierTba gansakuTrebiT did yuradRebas moiTxovs. Suamavali aseve brZanebs, rom adamiani, romelic savaldebulos garda, zedmet RvTismsaxurebas ar asrulebs, magram mezobels arafers dauSavebs, samoTxeSi Seva, magram is adamiani, romelic bevr RvTismsaxurebas Seasrulebs, magram mezobels gaawamebs, misi adgili jojoxeTSi iqnebao (ix. ibn hanbel, 2/ 440)

oblebis uflebebi

Cveni ojaxisa da axloblebis garda arseboben adamianebi, romlebic Cvengan yuradRebas saWiroeben da maT aqvT ufleba es yuradReba miiRon. arseboben adamianebi, romlebsac sakuTari uflebebis dacva uWirT da martivad rom vTqvaT daCagrul mdgomareobaSi grZnoben Tavs. aseTebi SeiZleba iyo oblebi, qvrivebi, Raribebi, usaxlkaroebi, ltolvilebi da sxva. yuranis mraval aiaTSi nabrZanebia, rom oblebis qonebis usamarTlod miTviseba kategoriulad akrZalulia. amis Camdens sastiki sasjeli emuqreba.

„da ar miekaroT oblebis qonebas, sanam srulwlovanebas miaRweven, garda sasikeTod; da SeasruleT zoma da wona WeSmaritad, Cven ar vakisrebT arc erT suliers, garda rac ZaluZs. da roca Tqvens azrs gamoTqvamT, iyaviT samarTlianni, Tund naTesavi iyos. da SeasruleT Tqven allahis aRTqma. ai, ase dagiwesaT man, egebis gulisxmahyoT Tqven!“

oblebis mimarT gulwrfeli gulisxmiereba unda gamoviCinoT da ara moCvenebiTi. maTdami Cveni daxmareba xangrZlivi da efeqturi unda iyos. am procesSi mniSvnelovania ar davamciroT da Tavi daCagrulad ar vagrZnobinoT. maT ar unda igrZnon, rom martoni an Tanadgomis gareSe arian darCenili. maT aRzrda, swavla, profesiis SeZena da gzaze dayeneba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom maTdami gamoCenili gulwrfeli Tanadgomis jildo samoTxea. (ix. ibn hanbel, 5/250)

im sazogadoebaSi,
sadac uflebebi daculia
da yvela Tavis
movaleobas asrulebs,
yovelTvis simSvide
da stabilurobaa.

RaribTa usaxlkaroTa uflebebi

RmerTi brZanebs:

„da maT qonebaSi wilia, mTxovnelTaTvis da RatakTaTvis“ (zariaT 51/19)

am aiaTiT cxadia, rom RaribTa da upovarTa uflebaa miiRon Cvengan qvelmoqmedeba. gaWirvebac da dalxinebac adamianuria. amqveyniuri cxovreba droebiTia da qoneba, romelic gagvaCnia RmerTma droebiT gviwyaloba. gamomdinare aqedan, Cven valdebulni varT gulTan mivitanoT sxvisi gaWirveba da daxmarebis xeli gavuwodoT.

yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom gaWirvebulebze daxmareba kargi morwmunis Tvisebaa. (ix. bayara 2/177) gaWirvebuls vinc daexmareba da materialur SesaZleblobebs saqvelmoqmedod gamoiyenebs, RmerTi mas baraqas uwyalobebs. Suamavali brZanebs: „vinc muslims daexmareba da mis naklovanebas dafaravs, RmerTi amqveynadac da saiqioSc mis naklovanebas dafaravs. sanam msaxuri Tavis Zmas exmareba, RmerTic misi Semwe iqneba“. (ebu davud, edeb 60)

adamianis sicocxlisa
da sakuTrebis
usafrTxoebasTan
erTad saWiroa
iseTi Rirebulebebis
dacvac, rogoricaa azri, rwmena,
Rirseba da namusi.
eseni fundamenturi
uflebebia.

Zmobis valdebuleba

adamianTa Soris ufleba-movaleobebze saubrisas dedmamiSvilebis uflebebis dacva, maTdami arsebuli pasuximgeblobis gaazreba da urTierTbebis simyare gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas atarebs. usamarTlod moqceva daZmur urTierTobebs didad daazianebs. RvTis Suamavalma muslimebi Zmebad gamoacxada da mouwoda maT, rom isini ise unda yofiliyvnen, rogorc erTi sxeuli. roca sxeulis erTi organo tkivils grZnobs, mTeli sxeuli Sewuxebulia da ver isvenebs. morwmuneebic ase unda iqceodnen; roca romelime maTgani gaWirvebaSi Cavardeba, sxvebi unda Sewuxdnen da mis daxmarebaze izrunon. (ix. buhari, edeb 27)

garda daxmarebisa ZmebTan kargi urTierTba unda gvqondes. mRimare saxe da tkbili sityva ar unda davamadloT. yvela iseT sityvas da qcevas unda moveridoT, rac Zmobis siyvaruls zians moutans. Suamavali gvirCevs, rom Zmebis naklovanebebiT, piraduli saidumloebebiT ar unda davinteresdeT da arc maT winaSe upiratesobis damtkicebas SevecadoT. Zmebs arasodes vaqcioT zurgi da arasodes SegvSurdes maT. RvTis msaxurno, iyaviT Zmebi, dasZens Suamavali. (ix. Tirmizi bir 24)

morwmune, romelic islamis gzavnils sworad gaigebs, morwmune Zmis sixaruliT gaixarebs da misi dardis monawile gaxdeba. roca Zmas uWirs maSinve dasaxmareblad gaeSureba. rodesac morwmune Zma gzas ascdeba mis swor gzaze dabrunbas Seecdeba. morwmune adamiani rasac sakuTari TavisTvis isurvebs, morwmune ZmisTvisac igive surs. Zmis namuss, Rirsebas, qonebas da saxels sakuTariviT ufrTxildeba.

damsaqmebelisa da dasaqmebulis uflebebi

islamSi adamianis Sroma dafasebulia. yoveli muslimis religiuri da zneobrivi valdebulebaa daafasos Sroma. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„da rom arferia adamiani, garda iRvwoda rasac“. (nejm 53/39)

aiaTiT naCvenebia, rom adamiani iRebs imas, rasac Sromobs da Tavisi Sromis materialuri da sulieri gasamrjelo unda aiRos. sadac Sromaa iq saubaria dasaqmebulisa da damsaqmeblis urTierTbebze, maT uflebebsa da movaleobebze. yoveli muslimi, romelsac adamianis uflebebisadmi mgrZnobeloba gaaCnia, gind damsaqmebeli iyos, gindac dasaqmebuli, daicavs meore mxaris uflebebs da Seasrulebs valdebulebebs.

Suamavali brZanebs; ‘mSromel adamians oflis SeSrobamde gadauxadeT gasamrjelo’ (ibn maje, ruhun 4) hadisidan gamomdinare damsaqmebeli valdebulia dasaqmebuls Tavis droze, srulad gadauxados gasamrjelo. aseve damsaqmebeli valdebulia gasamrjelos Taobaze dasaqmebuls Tavidanve SeuTanxmdes. (ix. nesai, muzara, 44) samuSao adgilas aucileblad daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis normebi. aseve aucilebelia, rom dasaqmebulebs saSualeba hqondeT aRasrulon RvTismsaxureba. dasaqmebulebs iseTi samuSao ar unda mieceT, rac maT SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. (ix. buhari, iman 22)

sasworis meore mxares damsaqmebelis uflebebia. kerZo an sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebulebi valdebulni arian samuSao zedmiwevniT kargad Seasrulon da maTi aRebuli jamagiri alali iyos. dasaqmebulebi aseve valdebulni arian droulad da Sesabamisi standartebis mixedviT Seasrulon samuSao.

ekonomikuri cxovrebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sfero vaWrobaa. rogorc damsaqmebelsa da dasaqmebuls Soris urTierToba islamis wesebisamebr daregulirebulia, aseve konkretuli regulaciebi moqmedebs mwarmoebels, gamyidvelsa da momxmarebels Soris urTierTobebSi. vaWrobaSi miuRebeli qmedebebi ZiriTadad Semdegia: wonaSi da zomaSi motyueba, moparva, arakanonieri Semosavlebi miReba, valis droze gadauxdeloba, saqonlis naklovanebis damalva da momxmarebelze unaklod SesaReba, yalbi saqonlis warmoeba da sxva. roca orive mxare patiosnad iqceva, vaWroba misarebi da sasargebloa. vaWrobis dros orive mxare lmobierad unda iqceodes da erTmaneTs saqmes uolebdes (ix. buhari, buiu 16)

sxva cocxali arsebebis uflebebi

uflebebis gaTvaliswinebis sakiTxSi mxolod adamianebze ar aris saubari. adamiani dedamiwis „xalifadaa“ movlenili da mas yvela cocxali arsebisa da garemos momarT garkveuli valdebulebebi gaaCnia. samyaro Tavisi cocxali da aracocxali bunebiT aris mdidari da yvelaferi, rac am samyaroSia Rirebuli da mniSvnelovania. samyaros uzado wonasworoba da harmonia gaaCnia. am wonasworobisa da harmoniis darRvevisken mimarTuli nebismieri qmedeba miuRebelia.

ueWvelad, Cven SevTavazeT pasuxismgebloba aeRo cansa da dedamiwas da mTebs, magram uari Tqves da SeeSindaT misgan, kacma ki itvirTa igi. ueWvelad, igi usamarTloa , ugunuria!“ (ahzab 33/72)

„da ar arioT qveyana misi keTilmowesrigebis Semdgom . da SeevedreT mas SiSiTa da sasoebiT . ueWvelad, allahis wyaloba axlosaa keTilismTesvelTan“. (araf 7/56)

„nuTu ver xedavT, rom allahma dagimorCilaT Tqven is, racaa caTa Sina da qveyanasa zeda? da srulhyo Tqvenda Tavisi madli cxadic da uxilavic. magram adamianebs Soris arian iseTnic, romlebic daoben allahis Taobaze, codnis, WeSmariti damadginebelisa da manaTobeli wignis gareSe“ (loyman 31/20)

diax, adamians uricxvi wyaloba aqvs RmerTisgan da samyaroSi arsebul uTvalav cxovelsa da mcenares, sasarbelo wiaRiseuls da sxva sikeTes iyenebs, magram es yvelaferi amanaTia da realurad mTeli samyaros WeSmariti mpyrobeli RmerTia.

cxovelTa uflebebi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. cxovelebis mimarT lmobiereba da maTze zrunva morwmunis Sesaferisi qcevaa. Suamavali brZanebs, rom Tu miwaze myofebs SeviwynarebT, Cvenc Sewynarebuli viqnebiT. (ix. Trmizi, bir, 16) adamianebma cxovelebis TavSesafarze, kvebaze, daavadebebisgan dacvasa da msgavs sakiTxebze unda vizrunoT. aseve dauSvebelia maTi wameba. cxovelebis wameba islamis zneobisTvis kategoriulad Seusabamo saqcieli da aradamianuria. Suamavali pirdapir gvafrTxilebs: „cxovelebi ar awamoT!“ (ix. muslim, jihad 32)

Suamavali mogviTxrobs erTi kacis Sesaxeb, romelmac udabnoSi wyurvilisgan gatanjuli ZaRli naxa, fexsacmeli gaixada, WaSi Cavida da iqidan wyali amoutana. aseTi saqcielis gamo RmerTma es kaci Seiwyala da codvebi miuteva. (ix. buhari, musaqaT 9) Cven aseve viciT Suamavlis monaTxrobi, romlis mixedviTac erT-erTma qalma Tavisi kata daamwyvdia da SimSiliT sasikvdilod gaimeta. (ix. muslim, selam 152)

im kacma momakvdavi ZaRli sikvdils gadaarCina, Sesabamisad man ZaRlis sicocxlis uflebas pativi sca, Seicoda, amitom is dajildovda, xolo qalma, romelmac kata sasikvdilod gaimeta, daisaja. adamiani mxolod sakuTari sicocxlis gadarCenisaTvis ki ar unda zrunavdes, man mTeli cocxali arsebebis sicocxles unda gaufrTxildes. gankiTxvis dRes iseTi sasamarTlo gaimarTeba, rom sxvaTa mimarT Cadenili sul mciredi usamarTlobac ki aravis SerCeba.

da bolos

islami samarTlianobis da Semwynareblobis religiaa da yvela uflebis wyaro Tavad RmerTia. yvela ufleba da pasuxismgebloba swored misi mxridan aris dadgenili. sazogadoebrivi mSvidoba da stabiluroba am uflebebis dacvisa da movaleobebis Sesrulebis xarisxzea damokidebuli. Tanamedrove samyaroSi gaxSirebulia iseTi negatiuri da damangreveli movlenebi, rogoricaa Zaladoba, mkvleloba, terorizmi, omi da amaT fonze ganviTarebuli socialuri ukmayofileba. es yvelaferi ki uflebebis ugulebelyofisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis gauTvaliswineblobis gamo xdeba.

Suamavali mogviwodebs, davicvaT sxvaTa uflebebi. (ix. buhari, savm, 51) is mogviwodebs, rom uflebebis dacvis sakiTxSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoviCinoT. gankiTxvis dRes, rodesac marTali da mtyuani naTlad ganirCeva, Cveni momavali mdgomareoba imaze iqneba damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad samarTliani viyaviT amqveynad cxovrebisas. usamarTlod visac moveqeciT miteveba unda vTxovoT. Tu ar gvapatia, arc RmerTi gvapatiebs.

mokled, yoveli dRis bolos, yoveli morwmune unda dafiqrdes, ra gaakeTa im dRes, xom ar daarRvia vinmes uflebebi da zogadad rogor moiqca. unda gaiazros, samarTlianoba misi umTavresi mimarTuleba unda iyos.