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islamis

mimdevrebi

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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 05.02.2020/33

ISBN: 978-605-7751-81-2
2020-06-Y-0003-1766
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2020

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„Suamavals magaliTebiT saubari uyvarda. zogjer Zvelad momxdar movlenas moyveboda da surda, rom mimdevrebs misgan gakveTili mieRoT. zogjer Sedarebebs akeTebda da Tavis lamaz sityvebs magaliTebiT amdidrebda. iseTi efeqturi, sada da gulwrfeli saubari icoda, rom...

Suamavls Tavisi mimdevrebi Zalian uyvarda. misi dardi mimdevrebis amqveyniuri da imqveyniuri yofa iyo. mas surda, rom mis mimdevrebs gadarCenis mniSvneloba scodnodaT, erTimeoris simSvidisTvis ezrunaT da kacobriobisaTvis mSvidoba da samarTali moetanaT. misi amouwuravi imedi da vedreba mimdevrebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. im dResac megobrebTan erTad saubrobda. islamis mimdevrebis birTvi misi es megobrebi iyvnen. Suamavals surda maT TavianTi mniSvneloba da iRblianoba scodnodaT, amitom eubneboda: „muslimebis, iudevelebisa da qristianebis mdgomareoba Semdeg rames gavs: erTi kaci ramodenime adamians qiriT daiqiravebs, raTa dilidan saRamomde amuSaos. muSebma SuadRmde imuSaves da damqiravebels uTxres: Cven Seni gasamrjelo ar gvWirdeba, aqamde rac vimuSaveT arc imisTvis gvinda raimeo. damqiravebelma gaioca da muSebs sTxova, saRamomde emuSavaT da mTliani gasamrjelo mieRoT. muSebma sabolood iuares da iqaurobas gaSordnen. damqiravebelma sxva muSebi naxa da uTxra, rom Tu darCenil saqmes daasrulebdnen, adrindelebis namuSevarsac da maT mier gakeTebulsac erTianad am ukanasknelebs gadauxdida. muSebis jgufi muSaobas Seudga, magram samxroba rom moaxlovda maTac muSaobis gagrZelebazec da gasamrjelozec uari Tqves. damqiravebelma amaTac uTxra, saqme bolomde miiyvaneT, cota xanSi isedac daRamdeba da gasamrjelo srulad aiReTo, magram maT iuares.

damqiravebelma darCenili saqmis bolomde misayvanad isev axali muSebi daiqirava. am ukanasknelebma darCenili samuSao bolomde miiyvanes da mTeli dRis samuSaos gasamrjelo maT aiRes. es igavi imas niSnavs, rom iudevelebma da qristianebma swori gza SuaSi miatoves, xolo muslimebis mdgomareoba mesame jgufis mdgomareobas gavs“ (buhari, ijare 11)“

ibadeba "ummah"...

Suamavals jer kidev Suamavlobis misia ar hqonda miniWebuli. iemenidan meqaSi Camosulma erT-erTma vaWarma Tan wamoRebuli saqoneli meqaSi gayida. myidvelma SeTanxmeba daarRvia da vaWars fuli ar gadauxada. vaWari mixvda, rom kuTvnil fuls ver aiRebda, amitom warCinebuli gvarebis liderebs mimarTa da daxmareba sTxova. misma am mcdelobam ar gaamarTla da veravin daexmara. meore dRes gamwarebuli vaWari ebu qubeisis goraze avida da xmamaRla waikiTxa leqsi, romelic mis am mdgomareobas da mis Tavs gadaxdenil usamarTlobas asaxavda.

Suamavali brZanebs:
„RvTis winaSe dedamiwis ganadgureba
ufro msubuqia, vidre erTi
muslimis mkvleloba“
(Tirmizi, diaT 7)

am ambavma Suamavlis biZa zubeir ibn abdulmuttalibi Zalian Seawuxa. is qalaqis yvelaze mdidar adamianTan, abdullah bin judanTan mivida da am sakiTxis mogvarebis mizniT saTaTbiros mowvevaze daiyolia. TaTbirze gadawyda, rom amgvari usamarTlobisgan maTi qalaqi daculi unda yofiliyo da amis winaaRmdeg brZolis pirobiT fici dades. am miznis misaRwevad maT gadawyvites SeeqmnaT jgufi, romelic moxaliseebiT iqneboda dakompleqtebuli da msgavsi sakiTxebis mogvarebaze imuSavebda. Suamavali im dros oci wlis iyo da isic am jgufSi gawevrianda.

Suamavali am fgufis saqmianobas Suamavlobis misiis Semdegac dadebiTad moixseniebda. is ambobda, rom meqaSi samarTlianobis damkvidrebis mizniT Seqmnil am gaerTianebas aqlemebis mTel qaravanSic ar gacvlida da saWiro rom gaxdes isev Caewereboda. aRniSnuli jgufis debulebaSi ewera: „vficavT RmerTs, rom meqaSi Tu vinme usamarTlod daiCagreba, cudi iqneba is T kargi, adgilobrivi T ucxo, sanam misi ufleba ar aRdgeba erTianad vimoqmedebT“.

aRniSnuli movlena da amis Taobaze Seqmnili es jgufi da misi saqmianoba cxadyofs, rom umecrebis xanis meqaSi ganukiTxaoba iyo gabatonebuli. meqa mTeli regionis savaWro centri iyo da qaabas wyalobiT sasuliero centris statusic hqonda. amis miuxedavad qalaqis mmarTvelobis raime pilitikuri forma ar arsebobda. igive situacia iyo medinasa da mTel arabeTis naxevarkunZulze. danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi usamarTlobis msxverpli versad gaasaCivrebda, radgan msgavsi tipis dawesebuleba ar arsebobda. irgvliv Zalmomreoba mZvinvarebda da Zlieri susts umowyalod Cagravda. gvarebs Soris sastiki mtroba iyo, amitom isini ver erTiandebodnen. mSvidoba, keTildReoba, usafrTxoeba warmoudgeneli iyo.

Suamavlobis periodis dawyeba, amavdroulad umecrebis xanis dasrulebas niSnavs. Suamavali Tavisi Suamavlobis misiis ganxorcielebas da WeSmariti sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas, pirvel wlebSi, farulad cdilobda. jer naTesavebiTa da axlo megobrebiT daiwyo. ase gagrZelda sami weli, Semdeg ki Suamavals mouvida RvTiuri brZaneba, romlis mixedviTac ukve aSkarad unda eqadaga.

Suamavalma jer mamis xaziT axlo naTesavebiT daiwyo da islamis miRebisken mouwoda. Semdeg meqaSi mdebare erT-erT gorakze, safaze avida da mTeli xmiT xalxs Sekrebisken mouxmo. „ia sabahah“ iZaxoda is da es sityvebi arabebSi didi safrTxis moaxloebisas gamoiyeneboda. amis gagonebaze xalxi maSinve im gorakTan Seikriba. Suamavalma maT hkiTxa: „rom giTxraT, rom am gorakis ukan Cvenze Tavdasasxmelad gamzadebuli jari gdas- meTqi, damijerebs?“ xalxma erTxmad upasuxa, rom daujerebdnen, radgan manamde tyuili arasodes eTqva. „maSin minda gagafrTxiloT, rom didi sasjelis winaSe dgaxarT“ - uTxra Suamavlma. xalxs gaukvirda da bevri maTgani, maT Soris Suamavlis biZa ebu lehebi Suamavals daupirispirda. amavdrulad maT kargad icodnen, rom Suamavali tyuils ar ityoda. swored maT Searqves metsaxelad „muhammedul emin“ anu sando muhammedi. Suamavals arasodes uTqvams tyuili da arc im dRes ambobda.

„Tqven morwmune
mimdevrebis raodenoba
samocdaaTamde gazardeT.
RvTis winaSe mimdevarTa
Soris yvelaze sasikeTo da
Zvirfasi Tqven xarT“
- brZanebda Suamavali
da islamis pirvel mimdevrebs
ase aqebda.
ase mcire raodenobiT dawyebuli
muslimebis raodenoba
miliardebamde gaizarda.

islamis mimdevrebis moqceva

meqaSi amis Semdeg mdgomareoba sruliad Seicvala. Suamavalze am wminda movaleobis dakisrebidan ormocdaaTi wlis Semdeg situacia radikalurad gansxvavebuli iyo. istoriisaTvis ormicdaaTi weli Zalian xanmokle periodia da am mokle xanSi arabeTis miwebze sruliad axali sazogadoeba Camoyalibda, romelsac islamis „ummah“ ewodeba. am mokle xanSi, warsulTan SedarebiT sruliad axali Rirebulebebis mqone sazogadoeba Camoyalibda. es iyo axali sazogadoebis dabadeba da moqceva. es axali moZraoba mxolod erT an or qalaqSi, an arabeTis naxevarkunZulze ki ar darCa, is arabeTis mimdebare teritoriebzec gavrcelda.

Suamavalma wlebis win icoda, rom am teritoriaze islami gavrceldeboda da qveyana usafrTxo gaxdeboda. amis Sesaxeb man winaswarve ganacxada. erTxel, roca qaabas CrdilSi isvenebda, masTan pirveli muslimanTagan ramodenime adamiani mivida da SesCivles, rom urwmunoebi Zalian aviwroebdnen. „nuTu ar gvexmarebi? nuTu CvenTvis RmerTs ar evedrebi?“ - hkiTxes. amis gagonebaze Suamavals feri ecvala da upasuxa: „Tqvenamde arsebobdnen iseTi morwmuneebi, romlebsac miwaSi marxavdnen da maxviliT Tavebs upobdnen. zogs rkinis savarcxlebiT kans xdidnen, magram isini WeSmarit rwmenas ar Ralatobdnen. vficav, RmerTi am sarwmunoebas daamkvidrebs. iseTi dro dadgeba, rom mgzavri sanadan hadramevTamde aqlemiT ise Cava, mgzavrobis dros RmerTis SiSis garda sxva SiSi ar eqneba. cxvris patrons mxolod mglis dardi eqneba. Tqven Zalian geCqarebaT“.

Suamavlis es winaswarmetyveleba gamarTlda da misi gardacvalebidan ormocdaaTi wlis Semdeg, aramarto arabeTis naxevarkunZulze, aramed mis farglebs gareT, sakmaod did teritoriaze, islamis mmarTveloba damkvidrda, ramac aRniSnul regionebSi mSvidoba da keTildReoba moitana. aziis, evropisa da afrikis SeerTebis adgilas, sadac msoflioSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani savaWro da kulturuli urTierTobebi mimdinareobda islamis mmarTveloba damkvidrda. aRniSnuli teritoria politikuradac da administraciuladac erTiani iyo da erTian mmarTvelobas iyo daqvemdebarebuli. garda amisa, im periodis yvelaze Zlieri saxelmwifoebi, bizantia da irani muslimTa jarebis winaSe uZlurni iyvnen.

yvela es movlena muslimi sazogadoebis gamravlebas, ganviTarebasa da gamdidrebas niSnavda. „Tqven morwmuneTa raodenoba samocdaaTze aiyvenT. morwmuneTa Soris, RvTis winaSe, yvelaze sasikeTo da Zvirfasi Tqven xarT“ (ibn maje, zuhd 34). ase Seaqo Suamavalma pirveli muslimebi. ase erTi muWa muslimebiT dawyebuli es sarwmunoeba gavrcelda da miliardobiT mimdevari hyavs. rogorc wyalSi Cagdebuli qva warmoqmnis rgolebs da es rgolebi irgvliv gavrceldeba, islamic ise gavrcelda da gaiSala. morwmuneTa masa, romelmac RvTis ukanaskneli gzavnili iwama da am gzaze yvela dabrkolebas gauZlo kidev mravalgzis gaxda qebis Rirsi. Suamavali brZanebs: „Cven (am qveynad) bolo movediT, gankiTxvis dRes ki yvelaze uwin Cven gavalT. samoTxeSic pirvelebi Cven SevalT“. (muslim, juma, 20)

islamis mimdevrebma, sxva sarwmunoebis mimdevrebisgan gansxvavebiT, TavianTi Suamavalis fasi gaiges, rwmenas guliT moekidnen da amrigad RvTis wyalobis pativi ergoT. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„Tqvena xarT yvelaze saukeTeso Temi, vinc ki movlenila xalxTa Soris, brZanebT sasurvels da krZalavT saZulvels, radganac gwamT allahis. xolo rom ewrmunaT RvTiuri wignis xalxs, maTTvisve iqneboda ukeTesi. maT Soris arian morwmuneni, magram gzasamcdarnic arian didi nawili maTgan“. (ali imran, 110)

„da amgvarad dagadgineT Tqven Sua (samagaliTo) Temad, raTa mowmeni iyoT adamianTa mimarT da Suamavali mowme iyos Tqvens mimarT. da davadgineT yible, romliskenac ideqi mxolod imitom, rom gamogvecno (gamogvemJRavnebina) vin mihyveba Suamavals da vin gabrundeboda ukan quslebze Semdgari. sworedac mZime iyo es, magram ara imaTTvis, romelnic swor gzas daayena allahma. allahi ar dagikargavT Tqvensave rwmenas. ueWvelad, allahi lmobieri da mwyalobelia xalxis mimarT“ (bayara 143)

meores mxriv Suamavlis mimdevrebi dedamiwaze mcxovrebi sxva xalxebisaTvis „modeladaa“ warmodgenili. rogorc bayaras suras 143-e aiaTSia nabrZanebi, muslimi Temi samagaliTodaa warmocenili da islamis Suamavali am TemisaTvis samagaliTo lideria. esoden didi pativi bunebrivia did pasuximgeblobas badebs. islamis Temis TiToeuli wevri rwmenisgan miRebuli ZaliTa da RirsebiT unda moqmedebdes da misi yoveli nabiji kacobriobisaTvis samagaliTo unda iyos.

Suamavals Tavisi mimdevrebi uzomod uyvarda. man Tavis TanamebrZol muslimebs „ashab“, megobrebi uwoda, xolo momaval muslimebs -Zmebi (muslim, TahareT 39). „Cemi mimdevrebi wvimas hgvanan. adrindelia ufro ukeTesi Tu Semdegi ucnobia“- brZanebda Suamavali da rogorc maSindel, ise SemdgomSi mcxovreb muslimebs mniSvnelobas aniWebda. (Tirmizi, ensai 8). misi mimdevrebisTvis mniSvneloba ar aqvs romel epoqaSi mouwevT cxovreba, an romeli kulturisa Tu eTnosis warmomadgenlebi iqnebian. maT RvTisa da Suamavlisadmi siyvaruli aerTianebT.

gonierTaTvis aTasjer dafiqreba da erTxel Tqma, sikeTisken mowodeba da siavisgan Sors dgoma
yvelaze metad gvWirdeba

islamidan stabilurobamde

gasaocaria im Temis erTianoba, rasac islamis mimdevrebi hqvia. isini Suamavlis mowodebebis mixedviT erTian birTvad Camoyalibdnen. kacobriobis istoriis manZilze amgvar gaerTianebas analogi ar hyolia da am erTianobis kvalobaze warmoudgeneli Zala da energia Seiqmna. am Zalam marto teritoriebi ki ara, adamianTa gulebi daipyro. jer kidev naxevari saukunis win ori gvaric ki erTimeoresTan ver Tanxmdeboda da mudmivi kinklaoba hqondaT. islamis ZalismxeviT jer qveyanaSi damkvidrda ubadlo erToba, xolo Semdeg mTel msoflioSi gavrcelda.

es mcire jgufi, romelic msoflio politikur rukaze saerTod ar arsebobda, rogor moxda, rom dedamiwis yvelaze angariSgasawev Zalad gadaiqca? maTi Svilebi, SviliSvilebi da axali mimdevrebi warmoudgenlad mravalricxovanni gaxdnen da maTi es warmateba mxolod fizikuri ZaliT ar aixsneba. Tavidan esoden didi warmatebis momaswavebeli raime niSani ar iyo TiTqos, magram sul raRac ormocdaaTi wlis Semdeg miRweuli Sedegebi da Tavbrudamxvevi warmateba ufro Rrma analizisaken gvibiZgebs.

islami mimdevrebs iseT Rirebulebebs sTavazobda, romlebic adamianis Sianagani samyaros cvlilebasa da gamdidrebas iwvevda. es iyo morwmune da keTili saqmis mkeTebeli adamianebis uryevi erToba. maT diadi codnisa da swori gzis wyalobiT uryevad gaagrZeles svla. islamma, adamianTa gulebSi arsebuli barierebi daamsxvria da morwmune sazogadoeba erTimeores mtkiced daukavSira, ramac saboloo jamSi yvela im mizezis aRmofxvra gamoiwvia, ris gamoc Sida aSlilobebi da Sida omebi xdeboda, rac umecrebis xanisTvis damaxasiaTebeli yoveldRiuroba iyo.

yurani orive periods, islamamdelsa da islamis movlinebis periods xSirad gvaxsenebs:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! WeSmariti RvTismoSiSebiT geSinodeT allahisa, da ise ar CaabaroT suli, muslimad ar aResruloT!

mtkiced CaeWideT yvelani allahis (rwmenis) Toks, da ar daiyoT. gaixseneT allahis sikeTe (wyaloba) Tqvendami: da roca iyaviT mtrebad, SegierTaT gulebi Tqveni da misi sikeTiT (madliT) Zmebad iqmeniT Tqven. da Tqven roca iyaviT cecxlis ufskrulis piras, gixsna Tqven misgan. amgvarad gangimartavT allahi Tavis aiaTebs, egebis WeSmarit gzas daadgeT Tqven!“ (ali imran, 102-103)

muslimebs yovelTvis unda axsovdeT ra xdeboda islamamdel periodSi. rogori danawevrebuli, daqucmacebuli da erTmaneTs wakidebuli iyo yvela. maT arasodes unda daiviwyon is faqti, rom islamma es urTierTmtrobas gadayolili xalxi Zmebad aqcia da maTgan uryevi erToba Camoayaliba. SemdegS modis aiaTebi, romlebic am erTobis sicocxlisunarioanobis saWiroebas gvixsnis:

„(o, morwmuneno!) da iyos xalxi Tqvengan sikeTisken momwodebeli, mbrZanebi mosawonisa da ukeTurebis aRmkveTi, da swored, egeni arian netarni.

da ar iyoT imaTi msgavsni, romelnic daiyvnen da daobdnen mas Semdeg, rac cxadi mtkicebani moevlinaT. da swored maTTvisaa (gamzadebuli) mZvinvare sasjeli“. (ali imran 104-105)

islamis „ummahi“ geografiulad kacobriobis centrSi aRmocenda da am centridan mimdebare teritoriaze swrafad gavrcelda, ris Sidegadac msoflio civilizaciis wyarod gadaiqca. muslimTa yvelaze didi damsaxureba aris is, rom maT yvela im teritoriaze, sadac Sevidnen erTi RmerTis rwmena da am rwmenis Sesabamisi Rirebulebebi daamkvidres. muslimebi, sadac ki midiodnen, adgilobriv kulturas pativiscemiT ekidebodnen da TavianTi rwmenis erTian sistemaSi aqcevdnen. erTmaneTisgan Zalian gansxvavebuli, sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis, sxvadasxva enaze molaparake, gansxvavebuli kanis feris adamianebi islamuri sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevrebi xdebodnen. amrigad, islami, rogorc universaluri religia mTel dedamiwaze gavrcelda da mis mier motanili Rirebulebebi praqtikulad ganxorcielda.

islamis „ummahi“ SegviZlia ganvmartoT, rogorc „universaluri Zmoba“. muslimTa Zmoba yuranis aiTiTaa ganmtkicebuli.

„rameTu morwmuneni Zmebi arian . maS, gamoasworeT Tqvens Zmebs Soris arsebuli da geSinodeT allahisa, egeb Sewyalebuli iqmneT Tqven!“ (hujuraT 10)

amrigad muslimebi Zmebad TviT RmerTma daadgina. Suamavlis cxovrebac naTeli magaliTia imisa, rom morwmune sazogadoebaSi Zmoba da erToba unda iyos. muslimebs Soris Zmoba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba.

islamuri sazogadoeba, erTimeoris mimarT gamoCenili pativiscemiT, erTianobiT da sulieri ZmobiT, yvelaze rTul periodebSic ki Rirsebas inarCunebda. isini erTi RmerTis winaSe sejdeze emxobodnen, erTi mimarTulebiT aRavlendnen locvas da amiT gamowveuli simSvidiT arsebobdnen. swored es suli iyo is mTavari Zala, romelic sindisdakarguli da ulmobeli Zalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi aZlebinebda.

dRes mTel msoflioSi TiTqmis ar moiZebneba iseTi geografiuli erTeuli, sadac muslimebi ar cxovroben, amitom Cven Tavisuflad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom arsebobs islamis universaluri erToba

islamuri Zmobis universaluroba

muslimTa Zmoba cxovrebis yvela sferos moicavs. es ki gonebis, gulisa da Zalebis gaerTianebas saWiroebs. islamuri sazogadoebis wevrebi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas erTiani principiT moqmedeben. maTi gansxvavebuloba mravalferovnebadaa gadaqceuli. isini icnoben erTmaneTs da uyvarT. muslimebi erTmaneTs exmarebian da materialur Tu sulier danakliss unazRaureben. universaluri Zmoba gulisxmobs, rom yvela adamiani Tanasworia da gansxvaveba, Tundac upiratesoba mxolod RvTismoSiSobis xarisxiT ganisazRvreba.

muslimTa Zmobis erTianoba islamis istoriaSi Semonaxuli ubadlo magaliTebiT mtkicdeba. dResac, miuxedavad imisa, rom am mimarTulebiT ukusvla SeiniSneba, mainc dasturdeba, rom muslimTa Zmoba grZeldeba. sadac ar unda waxvideT muslimebs Soris Zmobis magaliTebs naxavT. nebismieri muslimi, romelic ojaxs, axloblebs mowyvetilia da sxva qveyanaSi moRvaweobs, iq mcxovrebi muslimebisgan gansakuTrebul siaxloves igrZnobs da marto arasodes rCeba.

„islamis Temi“ mTel msoflioSi mcxovrebi muslimebis erTobliobaa, miuxedavad maTi erovnebisa da mimdinareobisa. es aris sakmaod farTomasStabiani erTianoba. dRes ukve Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom dedamiwis TiTqmis yvela geografiul erTeulSi muslimebi saxloben da amdenad muslimTa erTianoba saerTaSorisoa.

dRes mTel msoflioSi mcxovrebi muslimebis eTnikuri ruka da maTi zusti raodenoba daTvlili ar aris. gasuli saukunis bolos Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom islamis sarwmunoebas msoflios 300-ze meti erovnebis xalxi misdevs. zogierTi eTnikuri jgufis Sesaxeb SeiZleba arc araferi vicodeT, magram iq arian adamianebi, romlebic islamis Temis wevrebi arian. am bolo dros teqnologiebisa da sakomunikacio saSualebebis ganviTarebam sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi muslimebic erTmaneTs daakavSira, Tumca, samwuxarod muslimebi xSrad erTmaneTis arsebobas maSin aRmovaCenT, rodesac romelime Cvenganis Tavze raime ubedureba datrialdeba.

islamis mimdevrebi
SegviZlia aseve ganvmartoT, rogorc „universaluri Zmoba“

Tavdasxmebi, romlebic islamis

erTianobis xelyofas isaxavda miznad

islamis gavrcelebidan sul mcire xnis gasvlis Semdeg Sida ajanyebebma da sastikma Setakebebma iCina Tavi, magram Suamavlis mier Tavidanve Cadebulma sworma midgomam da jansaRma safuZvelma isev imuSava da islamis gavrceleba ar Sewyvetila.

islamis mimdevarTa umetesoba muslimTa erTianobasa da gadarCenas wminda miznad miiCnevda da amisaTvis Zal-Rones ar iSurebda. isini mzad iyvnen am diadi miznisaTvis sicocxlec ki gaewiraT.

islamis warmoSobidan pirvelive saukuneSi sakmaod did geografiul arealSi gavrcelda da es teritoriebi dResac islamis mimdevarTa sacxovrebelia. aRniSnul teritoriaze mravali eTnikuri warmoSobisa da kulturis mqone xalxi cxovrobda. es yvelaferi islamis civilizacias Seerwya da erT-erTi udidesi civilizacia warmoiqmna. islamma aRniSnul teritoriaze ganaTleba, ganviTareba da mSvidoba moitana. amitom iyo, rom mimdevrebi islamisadmi kavSirs ufro maRal safexurze ayenebdnen, vidre eTnikur Tu sxva saxis kuTvnilebas. islamis mier SeTavazebuli Rirebulebebi, miznebi da idealebi safuZvliani da sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda.

meores mxriv, mTeli istoriis manZilze islamis Temis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Setevebi mudmivad xorcieldeboda. am mimarTulebiT ori mTavari gansacdeli iyo; jvarosnuli laSqrobebi da monRolTa Semosevebi. miuxedavad didi gansacdelisa muslimebma gadarCena SeZles da maTi mTlianad ganadgurebis gegmebi ver ganxorcielda. am Tavdasxmebis Sedegad verc jvarosnebma da verc monRolebma sabolood ver gaimarjves, radgan isini adamianebs islamis mier kacobriobisaTvis SeTavazebul Rirebulebebze ukeTess arafers sTavazobdnen. iseni mxolod fizikur Zalaze damyarebuli Tavdasxmebi iyo, amitom saboloo jamSi warmatebas ver miaRwies da islamis Temi amdeni zewolisa da Tavdasxmebis miuxedavad isev fexze wamodga. muslimebma TavianTi sulieri Rirebulebebi aramarto lokalurad im teritoriaze SeinarCunes, sadac isini cxovrobdnen, aramed mTel msoflios gaacnes.

islamuri Temis winaaRmdeg mesame Tavdasxma evropidan wamovida. es ukanaskneli Tavdasxma ufro efeqturi gamodga da misgan miyenebuli ziani ufro TvalsaCinoa. am ukanaskneli Tavdasxmis SeniRbuli saxeli „modernizmia“. manamde ki, kerZod me-18, me19- saukuneebSi, aRniSnuli Tavdasxma isev samxedro Zalas eyrdnoboda. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani faqtori axali SeiaraReba da samxedro upiratesoba gaxldaT. am procesis paralelurad evropidan wamovida propaganda, romelic aRniSnuli Tavdasxmebis SeniRbvas emsaxureboda. es modernistuli moZraoba qristianobis gavrcelebisa da CamorCenili qveynebis ganviTarebis miznis safars qveS moqmedebda, ramac, saboloo jamSi, islami da muslimi Temi sagrZnoblad daaziana.

amgvari gamowvevis winaSe darCenili islamuri samyaro modernistuli Rirebulebebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Caeba. evropaSi Camoyalibebuli modernistuli Rirebulebebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi islamuri samyaro moumzadebeli aRmoCnda da amitom es brZola sakmaod rTuli gamodga. muslimTa materialuri da inteleqtualuri mdgomareoba SedarebiT susti iyo, rac Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi gamoixata.

modernizmi warmoadgenda axal, universalur civilizacias, romelic gonierebas, materializmsa da individualizms efuZneboda. modernistuli moZraobis dasawyisSi muslimi sazogadoebis mdgomareoba saxarbielo ar iyo. isini yvelanairi Zalebisgan daclil mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. maT imis Zalac ki aRar SeswevdaT, rom TavianTi inteleqtualuri memkvidreoba, romlebic winaparTagan ergoT, daecvaT da am mimarTulebiT momuSave saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi SeenarCunebinaT. axal miwebze mcxovrebi umwifari Svilebi islamis mier motanil Rrebulebebs jer kidev saTanadod ar iyvnen Camwvdari, rom es axali civilizacia Tavs daatydaT da maTac dumili amjobines. saboloo jamSi islamma modernizmis mier motanili Rirebulebebis ugulebelyofa ver SeZlo da gamoimuSava axali midgomebi, romlebic Sedegis TvalsazrisiT modernizmis gavlenis qveS moqcevas niSnavda.

amgvarma zemoqmedebam Tavisi kvali daaCnia, rogorc muslimTa mxridan sarwmunoebisadmi damokidebulebas da cxovrebis wesis formirebas, ise islamuri samyaros inteleqtualur da politukur dRis wesrigs. dRes, Tanamedrove samyaroSi, modernistul qveynebSic ki TviTkritika ismis da kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba idea, romlis mixedviTac amtkicebdnen, rom modernizzma msoflios universaluri Rirebulebebi miawoda.

rac Seexeba muslim sazogadoebas, maT azrs Zala unda daatanon da amdenad sakamaTo ideebi sakuTari rwmenis safuZvlebis mixedviT gaanalizon. islamuri sazogadoebis SigniT dRiTidRe matulobs im adamianebis raodenoba, romlebic swor xedvas afiqsireben, WeSmaritebas swvdebian, sakuTar Tavs cnoben da sikeTes Tesaven. istoriul memkvidreobaze dayrdnobiT dRes muslimebi SedarebiT swor daskvnebs akeTeben da TavianT gadawyvetilebebSi islamis arsis Sesabamisad moqmedeben, es ki damaimedebeli tendenciaa. maTi aseTi mcdeloba, mTeli msoflio xalxisTvis, gacilebiT ukeTesi sacxovrebeli garemos Sesaqmnelad aris mimarTuli.

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! WeSmariti RvTismoSiSebiT geSinodeT allahisa, da ise ar CaabaroT suli, muslimad ar aResruloT!
mtkiced CaeWideT yvelani allahis (rwmenis) Toks, da ar daiyoT. gaixseneT allahis sikeTe (wyaloba) Tqvendami: da roca iyaviT mtrebad, SegierTaT gulebi Tqveni da misi sikeTiT (madliT) Zmebad iqmeniT Tqven. da Tqven roca iyaviT cecxlis ufskrulis piras, gixsna Tqven misgan. amgvarad gangimartavT allahi Tavis aiaTebs, egebis WeSmarit gzas daadgeT Tqven!“ (ali imran, 102-103)

islamis mimdevrebis momavali

upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebiT Tu davakvirdebiT davinaxavT, rom islamuri samyaros daqvemdebarebaSi arsebul miwebze istoriuli dideba naTladaa warmoCenili. muslimuri sazogadoebis eTnikuri mravalferovneba istoriuli simdidre iyo, dRes ki es mravalferovneba islamuri sazogadoebis gasaxleCad da dasanawevrebad gamoiyeneba. Suamavlis mier gavrcelebuli sarwmunoebis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda iseTi tradiciis daviwyeba, rogoric iyo eTnikur erTeulebSi miRebuli wesebis usityvo morCleba. samwuxarod, dRes SeiniSneba tendencia, romelic sazogadoebaSi faSisturi ideebis gaRvivebas uwyobs xels. amgvari damokidebuleba umecrebis xanidan modis da misi erTaderTi mizani islamuri sazogadoebis gayofaa. islamuri qveynebis momavali gare saxelmwifoebis gavlenis qveS formirebas ganagrZobs. am qveynebis mmarTvelebi xalxze momsaxurebisa da muslimTa problemebis mogvarebis magivrad iseT damokidebulebas avlenen, romelic sakuTari xalxis mier aRiarebuli Rirebulebebis winaaRmdegia. unda gaizardos iseTi mmarTvelebis raodenoba, romlebic xalxis interesebs sakuTar interesebze maRla daayeneben da xalxis usafrTxoebisa da simSvidisaTvis izruneben. roca mmarTveli klasi Zalis demonstirebas cdilobs, am dros xalxs mtrebad ganixilavs da es faqti isev da isev mTavar problemad rCeba.

garda amisa, mravali modernistuli ideologia, romlebic ukve moZvelebulia, islamur samyaroSi isev universalurad iTvleba da cdiloben isev moqmedi iyos, rac muslimTa urTierTmtrobas iwvevs. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba, SesaZloa yvelaze did travmad CaiTvalos, rac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi islamuri samyaros problemaa da yvela mis princips safuZvlianad azianebs.

islamuri sazogadoebis momavlisTvis swori mimarTulebaa misacemi da es, upirveles yovlisa, arsebuli mdgomareobis sworad gaanalizebazea damokidebuli. xvalindeli saimedo momavali mTlianad damokidebulia, imaze, Tu ramdenad sworad gavaanalizebT arsebul mdgomareobas. Cven sarkeSi sworad unda davinaxoT Cveni anarekli da simarTle Tavisi sicxadiT vaRiaroT. daavadebis mkurnaloba maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu daavadebis mizezs mivagnebT da swor diagnozs davsvamT.

da bolos

islamurma sazogadoebam bolo orasi wlis manZilze ganviTarebuli movlenebi, didi tragediebi da areulobebi civi gonebiT unda gaanalizos da Sedegad miRebuli savalalo mdgomareoba gonivrulad awon-dawonos. upirveles yovlisa, muslimma Temma unda gaigos, rom modernistuli ideebi da gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebi islamis mier motanili Rrebulebebis alternativa ar aris. mdgomareoba arc ise uimedoa, radgan muslimebma xelaxla gaiTavises is faqti, rom im Rirebulebebze maRla, romlebmac isini muslimebad aqcia, sxva ufro maRali da WeSmaritebasTan ufro axlo Rirebulebebi ar arsebobs. es ki muslimebis mxridan TavianT sarwmunoebasa da religiur Rirebulebebze mTeli gulwrfelobiT dakavSirebas uzrunvelyofs.

modernistuli samyaros mier SemoTavazebuli Rirebulebebi adamianis sulier ganviTarebas da im Rirebulebebs ugulebelyofs, romlebic adamians adamianad aqceven. mxolod materializmze damyarebuli azrovneba da am mimarTulebiT warmoqmnili Tavbrudamxvevi tempi dedamiwas didad azaralebs da aq cxovrebas TandaTan ufro gausaZliss xdis. amgvari tendenciis gamo gansakuTrebiT imata dasavluri civilizaciis kritikam. gamomdinare aqedan, adamianis sulieri Tu materialuri Rirebulebebis sazianod Semogdebuli es modernistuli ideologia unda daviviwyoT da islamis mier motanil Rirebulebebs unda CaveWidoT.

amasTanave, Tanamedrove samyaro qmnis saimiso SesaZleblobebs, rom muslimebma erTmaneTi ufro iolad gaicnon da erTianobis atmosfero Seqmnan. Cven gvelodebian is ucnobi Tanamorwmune Zmebi, romelTa saxelebic ki ar viciT. dRevandeli pirobebi sakmaod xelsayrelia saimisod, rom muslimebma erTmaneTi gavicnoT da vimegobroT. amdenad, es yvelaferi saukeTeso momentia saimisod, rom muslmebma ganaTlebis, xelovnebis, ekonomiur da sxva sferoebSi erTimeores mxardaWera gamovucxadoT.

dRes Cveni movaleobaa arsebuli SesaZleblobebi gamoviyenoT, manZilebi SevamokloT da Zmuri kavSirebi gavaZlieroT. Cven viciT, rom msoflioSi, TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifoSi cxovroben muslimebi. aseve viciT, rom muslimebi zogadad did devnas da tanjvas ganicdian. gamomdinare aqedan, kacobriobas gansakuTrebiT sWirdeba islamis mier motanili universaluri gzavnili gacnoba, raTa kacobriobam simSvide, keTildReoba da Semwynarebloba moipovos.

muslimi Temi erTmaneTis dafasebis, erTianobis, erTsulovnebis gziTa da Zmuri kavSiriT yovelgvari problemis
winaZe imarjvebda da kvlavac gaimarjvebs.

im qveynebSi, sadac muslimebi cxovroben, xdeba movlenebi, romlebic aSkara dasturia imisa, rom garkveuli Zalebi Cveni kulturis, Rrebulebebis, sicocxlis, qalebis, bavSvebis ganadgurebas cdiloben. amis magaliTebia siriaSi, eraySi, iemenSi, libiaSi, egviptesa da sxva muslimur qveynebSi ganxorcielebuli movlenebi. am qveynebSi muslimi Temi erTianoba da maTi erovnuli Rrseba udidesi safrTxis winaSe dadga. gamomdinare aqedan, ukve droa erTmaneTs mxarSi davudgeT da erTmaneTis gatanis, Semwynareblobisa da mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis saWiro rCevebi mivceT.axla droa gonierma adamianma aTasjer dafiqrdes da erTxel Tqvas. axla droa sikeTisken movuwodoT erTmaneTs da borotebas yvelam erTxmad vuTxraT „ara!“