Zaladoba

prof. dr. ramazan alTinTaSi

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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 05.02.2020/33

ISBN: 978-605-7751-81-2
2020-06-Y-0003-1766
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2020

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„ganrisxebuli iyo, moTminebas ki mietovebina. misi risxva grigaliviT iyo movardnili da yvelafris ganadgureba ewada. es iyo medineli muslimi mesud el bedri, romelsac TiTqos goneba warTmeoda da mxolod brazis zegavleniT moqmedebda. xelSi maTraxi eWira eWira, romelsac gametebiT urtyamda monas.

am dros zurgs ukan xma gaigona. es iyo Zalian nacnobi xma. is xma, romelmac medinas simSvide moutana. es xma ambobda: „icode ebu mesud!“. Tmca ebu mesudi brazisgan iseTi dabrmavebuli iyo, rom yuradReba arc ki miuqcevia. is isev umowyalod ganagrZobda monis cemas. xma ufro da ufro uaxlovdeboda da igives umeorebda: „icode ebu mesud!“

rogorc iqna ebu mesudi gamoerkva, ukan miixeda da dainaxa, rom am mSvidi da SemwynareblobiT savse xmiT Tavad Suamavali mimarTavda. ebu mesuds guli saSinlad daswyda, rom eSmakma acduna da Secdoma daaSvebina. ase rogor dakarga wonasworoba, rom daaviwyda monac rom adamiani iyo. Suamavalma ki Segoneba gaagrZela: „icode ebu mesud, RmerTi SenTan SedarebiT ufro Zlieria, vidre Sen am monasTan SedarebiT“.

Suamavalma ebu mesuds Seaxsena, rom swored RmerTis WeSmaritad Zlieri da yovlis mpyrobeli. mxolod isaa Zlevamosili, yovlisSemZle, magram amavdroulad yovlad mowyale da Semwynarebeli. am gafrTxilebam ebu mesudi Sinaganad SeZra. saSinlad Sercxvenili da daTrgunuli iyo. nanobda da RmerTs patiebas sTxovda. piroba dado, rom monebs aRarasodes scemda, Semdeg ki Suamavals uTxra: „Suamavalo, RvTis gulisaTvis, amis mere es mona Tavisufalia“. (muslim, eiman, 34)

Zaladobis xsenebisas...

Zaladoba aris Zalis an zewolis gamoyenebiT adamianis fizikuri an sulieri zianisken mimarTuli qmedeba. Zaladoba SeiZleba iyos indiviadualuri an jgufuri saxis. Zaladoba uZvelesi movlenaa, romelic kacobriobis istoriis dasawyisidanve adamianis cxovrebs Tan sdevs. dReisaTvis msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi gavrcelebuli Zaladobis faqtebidan gamomdinare SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Zaladoba Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa.

arc Zaladobas
da arc samarTlinobas
asaki da sqesi
ar gaaCnia.
yvela adamiani
valdebulia
erTimeores mimarT
Semwynarebeli iyos
da ar dauSvas
Zaladoba;
kaci iqneba, qali,
axalgazrda,
moxuci,
ufrosi,
umcrosi,
mdidari
Tu Raribi.

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba Zaladobis mxriv seriozul problemebs ganicdis. yoveldRiurad vxedavT fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, socialuri, kulturuli, ekonomikuri, politikuri, seqsualuri Tu sxva saxis Zaladobis faqtebs. xSiaria ojaxuri Zaladobis faqtebi. Zaladoben bavSvebze, qalebze, moxucebze. aseve Zaladoba gaxSirda cxovelebisa da garemos mimarT. xSiria aseve ritualuri Zaladoba da terorizmis faqtebi. garda amisa Zaladobis faqtebs vxedavT sportidan dawyebuli politikiT damTavrebuli TiTqmis yvela sferoSi.

Zaladoba xdeba mozardebSi. erTmaneTze Zaladoben individualurad da jgufurad. Zaladobis kerebi Cndeba eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis Tanacxovrebis SemTxvevebSic. sabolood ki saxelmwifoebs Soris konfliqturi situaciebi da erTis mier meoris miwebis mitacebis SemTxvevebic ki fiqsirdeba. mokled, msoflio dRes, Zaladobis demonstrirebis pirobebSi, tkiviliT, cremliTa da siZulviliT agrZelebs cxovrebas.

Zaladoba
visganac an
saidanac ar unda modiodes,
is kacobriobis
danaSaulia.

islamis ZiriTad wyaroebSi Zaladoba ganmartebulia,rogorc Cagvra, usamarTloba. Cagvra, boroteba samarTlianobis antonimia da aRniSnavs iseT qcevas, romelic zRvarsgadasuli da ukanonoa. samarTlianoba ki yvelas uflebis dacvas da yvela qmedebis kanonier ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs. hadisSi vkiTxulobT, rom RmerTma akrZala Cagvra da adamianebma erTimeores usamarTlod ar unda moeqcnen. (ix. muslim, bir ve sila, 55). Suamavali aseve brZanebs: „is adamianebi, vinc xelqveiTebs, ojaxis wevrebsa da sxvebs, viszec maTi pasuxismgebloba vrceldeba, samarTlianad moeqceva RvTis winaSe usazRvro wyalobiT aRivsebian da mwyaloblis gverdiT gasxivosnebul minberebze daivaneben“. (muslim, imare, 18).

morwmunis rmwena
mis qcevebSi unda
aisaxebodes.
uzenaesi
mwyalobelis
morwmune
adamiani
SemwynareblobiT
unda
amoirCeodes.

samarTlianoba sayovelTao valdebulebaa. didi, patara, Raribi, mdidari, kaci, qali, ufrosi, umcrosi, yvela valdebulia samarTlianad moiqces. islamSi Zaladobis nebismieri gamovlineba akrZalulia. Zaladoba visganac an saidanac ar unda modiodes, is kacobriobis danaSaulia.

islami adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis dacvas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. adamians sxva arsebebisagan ZiriTadad metyveleba, azrovneba da arcevanis Tavisufleba ganasxvavebs. misi es Tvisebebi adamians garkveul pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs. Sesabamisad adamianis Rirsebac da pasuxismgeblobac gansakuTrebulia.

islami ar aRiarebs damokidebulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac adamianTa nawili dabadebidanve privilegiebiT sargeblobs, an piriqiT. yvela adamiani RmerTis gaCenilia, erTi fesvidan modian da yvela Tanasworia. (ix. hujuraT 49/13). yvela adamiani Tavisufali ibadeba, miuxedavad imisa, sad da ra pirobebSi daibadeba. islamis mixedviT Tavisuflad dabadebuli adamianebis mimarT SerCeviTi damokidebuleba, maTi damcireba an adamianisTvis Seuferebel pirobebSi Cayeneba kategoriulad miuRebelia. Sesabamisad islami, Tavisi movlinebis pirvelive dRidan, Tanasworobis princips qadagebs. RvTis winaSe yvela Tanasworia, ganurCevlad TavianTi eTnikuri warmomavlobisa, kanis ferisa, sqesobrivi kuTvnilebisa da a.S.

erTi adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaladoba, sinamdvileSi mTeli kacobriobis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli. Sesabamisad, SerCeuli samarTlis mixedviT adamianTa usamarTlod gansja adamianTa modgmas ar ekadreba.

adamianebi sicocxlis, sikvdilis, uflebebis, movaleobebis, amqveyniuri da saiqio sakiTxebis TvalsazrisiT Tanasworni arian. RvTis winaSe upiratesoba ki mxolod da mxolod RvTismoSiSobiTa da RvTismosaobiT miiRweva. adamians mxolod gulwrfeli RvTismosaoba da RvTis winaSe pasuximgeblobis Segnebis xarisxi gamoarCevs sxvebisgan da ara raime amqveyniuri privilegia. Suamavali Tavis gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi brZanebs: „adamianebo! kargad daimaxsovreT, rom Tqveni RmerTi erTia. Tqveni winaparic erTia. arabs araarabTan mimarTebaSi, TeTrkanians SavkanianTan, Savkanians TeTrkanianTan mimarTebaSi aranairi upiratesoba ar gaaCnia, garda RvTismoSiSobisa“. (ibn hanbel 5/411).

islamis Rirebulebebis mixedviT erTi adamianis mkvleloba kacobriobis mkvlelobas niSnavs. erTi ucodveli adamianis mokvla mTeli kacobriobis daxocvasTanaa gaigivebuli: „amisTvis davuwereT israilis SvilT, rom vinc mohklas adamiani ara adamianis wil da ara qveyanaze ukeTurobis gasawmendad, TiTqosda mTeli xalxi amoewyvitos. da vinc adamians sicocxles SeunarCunebs, TiTqosda mTeli xalxisTvis SeenarCunebinos sicocxle. vficav! Cveni Suamavalni ukve iyvnen maTTan misulni cxadi mtkicebaniT , magram amis Semdgomac, ueWvelad, bevri imaTgani mainc ganagrZobda dedamiwaze zRvargadasulobas .

Sesabamisad, adamiani mxolod imitom, rom adamiania RvTis mier dafasebuli arsebaa da amitom mis mimarT Cadenili Zaladoba miuRebelia.

gamomdinare aqedan Savkanianisa da TeTrkanianis sikvdili Tanabari mniSvnelobisaa. SerCeviTi damokidebuleba, tendenciuroba didi Secdomaa, rac adamianobas ar Seefereba. bunebrivia aseT tendenciurobis gamovlinebis religiaze miwera ki, miTmetes, yovlad miuRebelia. aseve mniSvneloba ar aqvs sad ganxorcielda Zaladoba da mkvleloba. sadac ar unda iyos, yvelgan Tanabari mniSvnelobis Sefaseba unda mieces. sisxli da cremli sad iRvreba imis mixedviT reaqciis gamoxatva da zogan reagireba, zogan ki gulgrilobis gamoCena, ra Tqma unda miuRebelia. Zaladobis droisa da adgilis mixedviT klasificireba SeuZlebeli da mizanSeuwonelia. es dedamiwa adamianTa sacxovreblad xelsayreli rom iyos, Zaladobas, mkvlelobebs, sadac ar unda xdebodes, win unda aRvudgeT da gulgrilni ar davrCeT.

saidan ikvebeba Zaladoba?

arsebobs garkveuli gzebi, saidanac ukve saukuneebia, Zaladoba ikvebeba. Zaladobis winaaRmdeg efeqturi RonisZebebis gatarebisaTvis jer es gzebi unda mivagnoT. Zaladobis gamovlena xSirad gansxvavebulis, ucxos, CvenTvis miuReblis mimarT xdeba. amas aqvs erTgvari dasayrdeni faqtorebi:

1. gamoxatvisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis SezRudva

aRmsareblobisa da sindisis Tavisufleba adamianad yofnis ganuyofeli nawilia da Sesabamisad fundamenturi uflebaa. Sesabamisad am uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi, upirveles yovlisa, yovel adamians ufleba aqvs, yovelgvari zewolis gareSe, Tavad airCios aRmsarebloba. amis Semdeg , aseve yovelgvari xelis SeSlis mcdelobisa da zewolis gareSe, yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Seiswavlos arCeuli sarwmunoeba da am religiis wesebis Sesabamisad icxovros.

religia im RirebulebaTa erTobliobaa, romelic Suamavlis mxridanaa naqadagebi da safuZvlad rwmena da sikeTe aqvs da aseve, romelsac gonieri adamiani sakuTari nebiT irCevs. religia sindisis saqmea. sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb informirebuli adamianis mimarT, romelime mimarTulebiT Zaladoba, rwmena iqneba T urwmunoeba, miuRebelia. yuranSi nabrZanebia: „sarwmunoebaSi Zaldataneba ar aris. WeSmariteba cdomilebisagan naTladaa garCeuli“. (bayara 2/256).

adamianebis sindisze raime saxis zewola Zaladobis gamovlinebaa da es ar aris meTodi, romelic religias Seefereba. rwmena gulidan momavali WeSmaritebis formaa, romelic Tavisufal nebas emyareba. morwmuneoba, romelic gulidan ar momdinareobs da Tavisufal nebas ar eyrdnoba TvalTmaqcobaa, romelic urwmunoebis tolfasia. aseTi mdgomareoba adamianis mentaluri ganadgurebis safrTxes qmnis. islami ki aseT Sedegs arasodes miemxroba. islams surs adamianma sakuTari nebiT Cawvdes WeSmaritebas, dainteresdes, gamoikvlios, dainaxos, daijeros da iwamos. saamisod ki RmerTma adamians goneba uwyaloba da gzamkvlevad ki wminda wignebi da Suamavlebi mouvlina.

yvela es RvTiuri gza da saSualeba imisaTvisaa, rom adamianma gaazrebulad da sakuTari nebis gamovlinebiT airCios rwmena. yuranSi ganmartebulia:

„Sens RmerTs rom eneba, uTuod yvela erTbaSad irwmunebda, vinc ki dedamiwazea. maS, Sen aiZuleb xalxs, raTa iqmnen morwmuneni ?“ (iunus 10/99)

„da uTxari: „WeSmariteba Tqveni RmerTisganaa, amis Semdeg vinc inebebs, irwmunebs da vinc inebebs, uaryofs. ueWvelad, Cven gavamzadeT usamarTloTaTvis cecxli, romelic garedan Semoertymeba maT. da Tu wyals moiTxoven, darwyulebuli iqneba wyliT, gamdnari liTonis dariT, romelic saxeebs wvavs. raoden saZageli sasmelia da raoden sazareli samyofelia!“ (qehf 18/29)

adamiani sruliad marto evlineba dedamiwas da RmerTis winaSec aseve marto warsdgeba. is Tavisi amqveyniuri namoqmedaris gamo ganikiTxeba. is ganikiTxeba,rogorc rwmenis, ise am rwmenidan gamomdinare pasuxismgeblobebis mixedviT. islami gulis da siyvarulis saqmea. religiur sakiTxebSi daZaleba, zogjer ukuSedegs iZleva da siZulvils aCens an adamians TvalTmaqcobas aCvevs. SeiZleba aseTma zewolam meore mxridan sapasuxo Zaladoba gamoiwvios, rac orive mxaris zianiT dasruldeba. rogorc sazogadoebriv yofaSi movlenebis mimarT mravalferovani damokidebuleba normaa, aseve SeiZleba religiur sakiTxebsac adamiani sakuTari Wrilidan uyurebdes. yvela valdebulia erTmeoris azrs pativi sces.

saiqioSi usasrulo
mSvidobis erTaderTi
adresi samoTxea da iq Semsvlelebi
mxolod isini arian, romlebmac
am qveynad cxovrebisas
dedamiwa mSvidobiani
TanacxovrebisTvis
xelsayrel adgilad
gadaqcevisTvis iRvawes.

2. samarTlianobis aRqmis gaufsaureba

samarTlinoba yovelgvar gadacdomas gamoricxavs da usamarTlobis nebismieri gamovlinebis winaaRmdegia. samarTlianobis pirobebSi yvela Tanasworia, yvela iRebs imas, rasac imsaxurebs. samarTlianoba simarTlesTan mWidro kavSirSia da is aseve moicavs Semwynareblobas, gagebas da a.S. gacemulsa da damsaxurebuls Soris arsebuli wonasworoba samarTlianobis qvakuTxedia.

samarTlianoba sazogadoebrivi da individualuri cxovrebis yvela etapze saTanadod unda ganxorcieldes. samarTlianobis aRqmis gaufasureba sazogadoebaSi daucvelobis gancdas warmoSobs. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! iyaviT allahis winaSe mowmeni, samarTlis aRmdgeni! da ar gaiZuloT zogierT adamianTa mimarT siZulvilma, rom samarTlianad ar iqceodeT. iyaviT samarTlianni, is ufro axloa RvTismoSiSobasTan; da geSinodeT allahisa, ueWvelad, allahi uwyis, rasac iqmT Tqven“. (maide 5/8).

rodesac Suamavals sTxoves, rom erT-erTi damnaSavis mimarT msubuqi ganaCeni gamoetana, radgan damnaSave warCinebuli gvarisa iyo, Suamavali Zalian gabrazda. man aseT ram brZana: „Tqvenze adrindeli xalxebis ganadgurebis mizezi iyo is, rom Tu warCinebulTagani qurdobas Caidenda, ar sjidnen, magram Tu vinme susti igive danaSauls Caidenda, mas sjidnen. vficav RmerTs, muhammedis qaliSvilma fatmamac rom Caidinos qurdoba, me mas xels movaWridi“. (ix. buhari, hudud, 12; muslim, hudud, 8).

SerCeviTi samarTali dauSvebelia. Tu sasamrTlo tendenciuria da iTvaliswinebs adamianTa warmomavlobas, kanis fers, Tanamdebobas da sxva msgavs privilegiebs, es mankieri praqtika da usamarTlobis gamovlinebaa. aseT SemTxvevaSi Cagruli fena Tavs daucvelad grZnobs, grovdeba usamarTlobis gancda da brazi, rac socialuri afeTqebis winapirobaa. aiaTSi nabrZanebia:

„ueWvelad, allahi brZanebs samarTlianobas, sikeTis keTebas da naTesavebze daxmarebas. da krZalavs siZvas, gasakicx qmedebebs da usamarTlobas. igi SegagonebT Tqven, egebis gulisxmahyoT!“ (nahl 16/90)

amrigad samarTlianoba dadebiTi ganviTarebis winapirobaa, ris Sedegadac sazogadoebaSi simSvide isadgurebs. amavdroulad es aris prevenciuli RonisZieba areulobis Tavidan asacileblad. sazogadoebrivi simSvide pirdapir kavSirSia samarTlianobasTan. (ix. nisa 4/135). sadac samarTlianoba sakamaToa, iq samarTlisadmi ndoba iklebs, rac saboloo jamSi Zaladobisken mimavali gzaa.

3. sqesobrivi gansxvaveba

islamis movlinebisTanave sqesobrivi diskriminacia, rogorc manamde gabatonebuli wesi, Seicvala da msgavsi damokidebuleba aikrZala. islmma Tqva, rom qalic da kacic RvTiuri mowodebebis winaSe Tanabrad valdebulni arian. (ix. Tevbe 9/71). Suamavali piradad mouwodebda adamianebs, rom qalebis mimarT damamcirebeli damokidebuleba daeviwyebinaT da maTdami pativiscema gamoeCinaT. is brZanebda: „me girCevT qalebis uflebebs yuradReba miaqcioT da am sakiTxSi RvTis SiSi iqonioT. rogorc Tqven gaqvT maT mimarT uflebebi, qalebsac Tqvens mimarT uflebebi gaaCniaT“. (ix. muslim, haj, 147).

miuxedavad aseTi mkafio gafrTxilebisa, dResac ki, Tanamedrove msoflioSi qalTa uflebebi xSrad irRveva. xSiria qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ufro metic, Zaladoben imitom, rom is qalia. ojaxi, romelic simSvidis, daculobisa da bednierebis adgili unda iyos, xSirad qalebisa da gogonebisaTvis piriqiT xdeba da isini zaladobis msxverpli xdebian. miuxedavad religiuri, moraluri da samarTlebrivi winaRobebisa qalebis mimarT Zaladoba mainc farTodaa gavrcelebuli.

kvelevebis Sedegad dadginda, rom qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SesaZlo mizezebi SeiZleba iyos alkoholuri sasmelebi, azartuli TamaSebis Sedegad gamowveuli problemebi, ganaTlebis dabali done, ekonomiuri siduxWire, bavSvobis dros Zaladobis msxverploba da ase Semdeg. Zaladoba ar aris Tandayolili Tviseba da is droTa ganmavlobaS SeZenili damokidebulebebis Sedegad Cndeba. Tu vinme qalTa uflebebs ar aRiarebs, misTvis qalebis mimarT Zaladobis ganxorcieleba iolia. Tu mamakaci ar aRiarebs, rom qalTa sicocxle, sakuTreba, rwmena da namusi xelSeuxebelia, is iolad daarRvevs mis uflebebs.

Tanamedrove samarTlebrivi sistemis mixedviT danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg damnaSaves konkretuli samarTlebrivi Sesabamisad mixedviT sjian. islami cdilobs prevenciul RonisZiebebs mimarTos da SegonebiT da ganaTlebiT aRwevs mizans. am procesSi mTavaria danaSaulis gamomwvevi winapirobebisa da xelsayreli garemos mospoba da ara Cadenili danaSaulis Semdgomi reagireba.

namdvili simaRle
Zlierebis dros
mitevebaSi mdgomareobs.
namdvili warmateba
Zlierebis dros
Zaladobisgan Tavis
SekavebaSia.
namdvili sikeTe
siglaxis Camdenze
sikeTis gakeTebaa.

islamSi arsebobs principi, romelic prevencias ufro met mniSnelobas aniWebs, vidre Cadenil danaSaulze reagirebas. mTavaria Secdomis, codvis da danaSaulis Casadenad xelsayreli garemo ar arsebobdes. ase ufro daculni viqnebiT. (ix. isra 17/32). yuranis aiaTebi gvaswavlian Tu rogor unda davicvaT Tavi cdunebebisa da codvis Cadenisagan. magaliTad mruSoba. upirveles yovlisa, mruSobisTvis xelisSemwyobi garemo unda movspoT, rom am tipis codvis Cadenis albaToba Semcirdes.

qalTa mimarT Zaladobis gamovlineba xSirad tradiciuli gadmonaSTebis gamo xdeba. qalebis Seviwroeba, eWvianobis niadagze maTi cema an mokvla, miTumetes, roca danaSauli ar aris damtkicebuli da mxolod eWvia, umecrebis xanis gadmonaSTia da amdenad miuRebelia. amgvari damokidebulebis aRmofxvra mxolod jansaRi religiuri da zneobrivi swavlebis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. sazogadoebas unda avuxsnaT, rom Selaxuli namusisa da Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT mklelobis uflebas islami ar iZleva. aRniSnuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi arc ojaxur saTaTbirosa da arc gvaris uxucesTa sabWos ganaCenis gamotanis ufleba ar gaaCniaT. amis ufleba aqvs saxelmwifos da Sesabamis organoebs. saxelmwifosa da kanonebis miRma dawesebuli gasamarTlebebi da sasjelebi Zaladobisken mimavali gzaa.

ojaxuri Zaladobis sakiTxSi, iseve rogorc yvela sxva sakiTxSi, Suamavlis cxovrebis magaliTebi umTavresi gzamkvlevia. Suamavals ojaxSi ZaladobisTvis arasodes miumarTavs. meuRleebis mimarT mas arc Zaladobis Semcveli sityva gamouyenebia da arc fizikurad uZaladia. moZaladeebs ki yuranis aiaTiT afrTxilebda:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! nebadarTuli ara gaqvT, ZaliT aiRoT memkvidreobaSi qalebi . an SeaviwrooT imisaTvis, rom waarTvaT, rac migiciaT maTTvis, garda Tu ar CaudeniaT maT aSkara mruSoba. moepyariT maT Rirseulad. Tu Tqven isini gZulT, iqneb gZuldeT rame, allahs ki didi sikeTe Caedos masSi!“ (nisa 4/19)

Zaladoba araadamianuria
da kacobriobis danaSaulia.
ojaxSi mimdinare
Zaladoba
ara gamosavali,
aramed axali
problemebis safuZveli
da ojaxis
dangrevis safrTxea.

Suamavali brZanebs: „morwmuneTa Soris rwmenis mixedviT saukeTeso isaa, vinc zneobrivad saukeTesoa. Tqvens Soris saukeTeso isaa, vinc meuRleebis mimarT saukeTesoa“. (ix. Tirmizi, rada 11).

ojaxSi meuRleebs Soris drodadro gaugbrobebi da konfliqtebi ra Tqma unda iarsebebs. am dros problema ZaladobiT ki ara, moTminebiTa da urTierTgagebiT mogvardeba.

yuranSi nabrZanebia: „da Tu igrZeniT (SiSobT), rom col-qmars Soris ganxeTqilebaa, wargzavneT erTi msajuli kacis ojaxidan da erTi qalis ojaxidan. Tu surs orive mxares morigeba, maSin allahi warmatebuls hyofs maT. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea, yvelafrismcodnea!“ (nisa 4/35).

ojaxuri konfliqtebis dros sasurvelia amgvari morigebis meTodiT scadon problemebis gadawyveta, xolo Tu konfliqti imdenad gaRrmavda, rom morigeba SeuZlebelia, maSin mxareebis pretenziebs sasamarTlo uwyeba daaregulirebs. qalTa mimarT Zaladoba araadamianuria da kacobriobis danaSaulia. ojaxSi Zaladoba gamosavali ar aris. piriqiT, Zaladoba ojaxur Tanacxovrebas mTlianad angrevs.

4. rasizmi

islamis mixedviT adamianebi sxvadasxva erebad, tomebad da gvarebad arian dayofilni.

„hei, adamianno! ueWvelad, erTi mamridan da erTi mdedridan gagaCineT Tqven da rom SeicnoT erTmaneTi, dagadgineT erebad da tomebad. ueWvelad, Tqvengan yvelaze pativdebuli allahis winaSe TqvenSi yvelaze ufro RvTismoSiSia. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea, yvelafrismcodnea!“ (hujuraT 49/13). Sesabamisad islami erovnebebs, gansxvavebul eTnikur warmoSobas bunebrivad Tvlis, magram islami gmobs rasizms.

muslimi, romelsac
miznad dausaxavs
sworad cxovreba,
kacobriobis danaSaulad
wodebul Zaladobas
ar gaekareba da
aseve Zaladobisa
da teroris
mimarT dadebiTi
damokidebuleba
ar eqneba...

umecrebis xanaSi rodesac romelime arabuli tomis wevrs sxva tomis xalxTan raime konfliqti SeemTxveoda, misianebi siamrTles arad dagidevdnen da yvelani vadebulni iyvnen Tanatomels sabrZolvelad wahyolodnen. isini fiqrobdnen, rom samarTlianobisTvis naTesavoba sakmarisi iyo da simarTles arad dagidevdnen. amis gamo arabul tomebs Soris mudmivi sisxlisRvra mZvinvarebda.

Suamavalma amgvari damokidebuleba sruliad Secvala da yvelaferi samarTlianobas dauqvemdebara.

Suamavalma Tavis gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi sisxlis aRebis tradicia akrZala. erTxel or axalgazrdas Cxubi mouvidaT. maTgan erTi muhajiri iyo, meore ki ensari, anu medineli adgilobrivi. Cxubis dros muhajiri ymawvili muhajirebs uxmobda saSvelad da yviroda: „Cqara muhajirebo!“. medineli ymawvilic Tavis mxriv ensarebs uxmobda saSvelad. Suamavalma es rom gaigo am konfliqts umecrebis xanis konfliqti uwoda da amgvari damokidebuleba mkacrad akrZala. (ix. muslim, bir. 16).

garda amisa yuranSi naTladaa miTiTebuli, rom adamianebi yvela erTi Ziridan modian da warmomavlobis mxriv gansxvaveba miuRebelia.

„da misi saswaulebidanaa caTa da miwis gaCena, Tqveni enebis da feris sxvadasxvaobac. ueWvelad, amaSi saswaulebia mcodneTaTvis !“ (rum 30/22).

„hei, adamianno! geSinodeT Tqveni RmerTis, romelmac gagaCinaT Tqven erTi sulisgan , da gaaCina misgan mewyvile (meuRle) misi, xolo maT orisgan gaamravla uamravi kaci da qali. geSinodeT allahisa, visiTac urTierTobT erTmaneTs Soris da gaufrTxildiT naTesaur kavSirebs. ueWvelad, allahi zedamxedvelia Tqveni!“ (nisa 4/1).

Suamavali brZanebs: „RmerTi Tvens sxeulebsa da garegnobas ar Sexedavs, is Tqvens gulSi iyureba“. (muslim, bir, 33). aqedan gamomdinare eTnikuri warmomavlobis an kanis feris gamo adamianebis gansxvaveba da maTdami damokidebulebaSi SerCeviTi samarTlis gatareba Zaladoba da usamarTlobaa. am tipis usamarTloba Zalian male ganukiTxaobad gadaiqceva. Suamavali kategoriulad krZalavda rasobriv diskriminacias. (ix. muslim, imare 53-54).

rogorc naTelia, Suamavali moqmedebda principiT, romelic mTeli kacobriobisTvis misaRebi da samarTliani iyo. dRes, rodesac arc Tu ise iSviaTia eTnikur niadagze warmoSobili konfliqtebi, es niSnavs, rom umecrebis xanis azrovneba jer kidev SemorCenilia. Suamavalma mkacrad usayvedura erT-erT sahabes, romelic bilals kanis feris gamo akritikebda: „SenSi umecrebis xanidan jer kidev darCenila raRac“. (ix. buhari. iman 22). Sesabamisad yvela muslimis valia amgvari narCenebisgan gavTavisufldeT.

islamis mixedviT sulieri Zmoba biologiur Zmobaze ufro Zlieria. yvela muslimi, sadac ar unda cxovrobdnen, ra erovnebisac ar unda iyon, ra enazec ar unda laparakobdnen, miuxedavad maTi kanis ferisa, sqesisa, ekonomiuri mdgomareobisa da a.S. isini Zmebi arian. am Zmobas siyvaruliTa da pastiviscemiT ganmtkiceba sWirdeba. amitomaa, rom Suamavalma morwmuneTa es Zmoba konkretul darigebaSi Semdegnairad asaxa: „romelime Tqvengans, rac sakuTari TavisTvis surdes, Tu igive morwmune ZmisTvisac ar surs, WeSmariti morwmune ver iqneba“. (buhari, imen 6-7; muslim, iman, 71-72).

Cven is adamianebi varT, romlebsac erTi azri gvakavSirebs. mevlana ambobda: „erTmaneTs erT enaze molaparake adamianebi ki ara, erT azris mqoneni gaugeben“. amrigad, yovelgvari gansxvavebis miuxedavad Cveni gulismieri erTianoba da religiuri Zmobaa is gza, romelic areulobisa da Zaladobisgan dagvicavs.

5. klasobrivi gansxvaveba

Zaladobis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli forma klasobrivi diskriminaciaa. adamianTa nawili miiCnevs, rom warCinebulTa gvaris STamomavalia an elitis warmomadgenelia da a.S. es erTgvari fsiqologiuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaa.

kacobriobis istoriaSi mudmivad arsebobda aseTi „gamorCeuli „ fena. isini am gziT ampartavnebaSi vardebodnen da adamianebs usamarTlod eqceodnen.

fufunebaSi cxovreba adamians afiqrebinebs, rom sxvaze damokidebuli ar aris da am gziT sruliad materialur simdidreze orientirebuli xdeba.

„maT uambe ori kacis mdgomareoba. davudgineT erT maTgans ori venaxi, garSemovlili xurmebiT da maT Soris yana.

orive baRma nayofi gamoiRo da araferi ar mohklebia, rameTu Cven amovaCqefeT maT Soris mdinare.

da mas sxva simdidrec hqonda da uTxra Tavis megobars saubarSi: „me ufro meti qoneba maqvs Senze da ufro meti Semweebic myavs.“

Sevida igi Tavis baRSi, usamarTlod moqceuli Tavisi sulis mimarT da Tqva: „ar mgonia, rom es odesme moisposo.

mevlana ambobda: „erTmaneTs erT enaze molaparake adamianebi ki ara, erT azris mqoneni gaugeben“. amrigad, yovelgvari gansxvavebis miuxedavad Cveni gulismieri erTianoba da religiuri Zmobaa is gza, romelic areulobisa da Zaladobisgan dagvicavs.

ar mgonia dadges Jami. da Tu mibrunebuli viqnebi Cems RmerTTan, usaTuod vpoveb amaze ukeTess dabrunebisTviso!“

uTxra mas Tavisma megobarma saubris dros: „nuTu uarye, romelmac gagaCina Sen miwisgan, Semdeg wylisgan da mere Camogayaliba Sen kacad?

magram igi allahi Cemi RmerTia. da me ar davudgen Tanaziars Cems RmerTs aravis.

roca Sexvedi Sens baRSi, ratom ar Tqvi: „rac ineba allahma! ar aris Zala, garda allahisa !“ romc mxedavde me naklebi viyo Senze qonebiTa da SvilebiT.

egebis Cemma RmerTma me miboZos ukeTesi Sens baRze da moavlinos masze zecidan mrisxaneba, maSin iqceva igi fiqal miwad.

an miwam STanTqos wyali misi, Semdeg ki veRarasodes SeZleb mis ukan dabrunebas!

da ganadgurda misi mosavali, mere xelebis fSvneta daiwyo iq gaRebuli jafis da Calewili vazis fanCaturis gamo, da ambobda: „neta aravin gamexada Tanaziari Cemi RmerTisTviso!“

mas allahis garda aravin hyavda, rom daxmareboda. xolo Tavad verafers gaxdeboda“.(ix. qehf 32-43).

yuranSi warCinebulTa Sesaxeb xSiradaa moTxrobili. magaliTad medienis xalxis warCinebulebma Suamavali Suaibi uaryves da misi mimdevrebi samSoblodan gaaZeves. igivenairad moiqca meqas maRali klasis sazogadoeba. maT hqondaT mmarTveloba da yvela privilegia. maT ar miiRes Suamavali da mkacrad daupirispirdnen. isini yvela Rones xmarobdnen, raTa axladmovlenili islamisTvis saxeli gaetexaT. iyo ciliswameba, tyuili, Zaladoba, wameba. (ix. sad, 38/6-7).

arada es axali sarwmunoeba miznad isaxavda Seecvala imJamindeli politikuri wyobileba, romelic ukiduresad usamarTlo iyo da daemkvidrebina samarTliani, Tanaswori garemo. islami ambobda, rom yvela adamiani Tanasworia, ganurCevlad warmomavlobisa, kanis ferisa, eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa, sqesisa da a. S. upiratesoba mxolod RvTismosaobasa da sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo saqmianobaSi unda yofiliyo. es ki meqel warCinebulebs ar moewonaT da am axal sarwmunoebas sastikad daupirispirdnen. isini TavianTi privilegiebis dakargvis saSiSroebas grZnobdnen, amitom yvelanairi xerxiT Seecadnen muslimebis Seviwroebas.

rogorc cnobilia islamis gavrcelebis pirvel wlebSi Suamavlis irgvliv Sekrebil muslimTagan mxolod ramodenime adamiani iyo mdidari. im droisaTvis islamis mimdevrebis umetesoba monobisgan gaTavisuflebuli Raribi adamianebi iyvnen. maTi am statusisa da siRaribis gamo yureiSi warCinebulebi maT amcirebdnen da maT gverdiT dadgoma miuReblad miaCndaT. isini eubnebodnen Suamavals, rom roca Cven SenTan movalT egeni unda gaaZevoo.

aRniSnuli mdgomareoba yuranSi Semdegnairadaa aRwerili:

„da ar gaaZevo! romelnic misi wyalobis surviliT evedrebian TavianT RmerTs diliTa da saRamoTi. Sen ar mogekiTxeba maT gamo da arc maT moekiTxebaT Sen gamo. Tu gaaZeveb maT, maSin iqnebi usamarTloTagan“. (enam 6/52). es gafrTxileba yvela muslimisaTvis zogad principad iqca. Cvens sarwmunoebaSi adamianis warmomavloba da ekonomiuri mdgomareoba maTdami gansxvavebuli mopyrobis mizezi ar xdeba. islamSi upiratesobis sazomi RvTismosaobaa, RvTisadmi pasuxismgeblobis codnaa.

Zaladobis magivrad mSvidobis damkvidreba

sityva islami mSvidobas, usafrTxoebas, simSvides da bednierebas niSnavs. gamomdinare aqedan, muslimi aris adamiani, romelic dedamiwaze mSvidobis, keTildReobis, usafrTxoebisa da bednierebisTvis iRwvis da am miznis misaRwevad RmerTis mier dadgenil principebs aRiarebs. islami mowodebaa sayovelTao mSvidobisken: „hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! SediT srulad morCilebaSi (islami) da ar gahyveT eSmakis kvals, rameTu igi cxadi mteria Tqveni!“ (bayara 2/208).

islamis mixedviT adamianis sicocxle wmindaa, amitom am siwmindis dasacavad saWiroa Seiqmna Tavisufali, usafrTxo da mSvidobiani garemo. am miznis misaRwevad ki religiiT dawesebuli zneobrivi principebis gaZiereba da dacvaa saWiro. morwmunis rwmena mis qcevebSi unda aisaxebodes.

Suamavali brZanebs, rom muslimi Tavisi eniT da qceviT sando adamiania da misgan safrTxe ar momdinareobs. (ix. nesai, iman 8).

yuranis mraval aiaTSi mowodebulia, rom muslimebma Zaladobisa da dapirispirebisgan Tavi unda Seikavon da mSvidobisTvis izrunon:

„da hmorCileT allahsa da mis Suamavals da ar SeeciloT erTmaneTs, Torem suliT daecemiT da Zalas dakargavT. da iyaviT momTmenni, ueWvelad, momTmenTanaa allahi!“ (enfal, 8/46).

muslimebi valdebulni arian mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisTvis saWiro garemo Seqmnan. maT aseve erTmaneTTan dapirispirebuli mxareebi unda Searigon:

„da Tu ori jgufi morwmuneTagan erTmaneTs SeebrZoleba, maSin gamoasworeT maT Soris arsebuli. magram Tuki zRvars gadava maTgan erT-erTi meoris mimarTebaSi, maSin SeebrZoleT im jgufs, romelic zRvars gadavida, vidreRa daubrundebodes allahis brZanebas. amis Semdeg Tu Semobrundeba, gamoasworeT maT Soris arsebuli patiosnad da iyaviT samarTlianni, rameTu allahs uyvars samarTlianni“, (hujuraT 49/9).

individebsa da xalxebs Soris mSvidobis damkvidrebisTvis zrunva muslimebis movaleobaa. mniSvneloba ar aqvs drosa da adgils, muslimebi yvelgan da yovelTvis mSvidobis mTesvelni unda iyvnen.

Cvens sarwmunoebaSi mSvidobianad,
Tavisuflad cxovrebis dros,
omebi dRis wesrigSi saerTod aRar iqneba.

„(o, morwmuneno!) da iyos xalxi Tqvengan sikeTisken momwodebeli, mbrZanebi mosawonisa da ukeTurebis aRmkveTi, da swored, egeni arian netarni“. (ali imran 3/104).

islamma mSvidobasa da terors Soris mtkice kedeli gaavlo. islamis mixedviT adamianis sicocxle wmindaa da am siwmindis mimarT nebismieri safrTxis gamovlineba miuRebelia. muslimebma kargad ician, rom islami medinas mSvidobian garemoSi ufro swrafad gavrcelda, vidre meqaSi, sadac mudmivi Zaladobis qveS iyvnen. amitom islamis politikuri xedva da gza mSvidobaa. igive mizania islamis mier dadgenil RvTismsaxurebaSi. yoveli RvTismsaxureba mSvidobas, Zmobas, Semwynareblobas, Tavmdablobas gvaswavlis.

islami ar emxroba amqveyniuri, materialuri miznebiT wamowyebul brZolebs. is gmobs iseT omebs, romlebsac legitimuri aucilebloba ar udevT safuZvlad. (ix. bayara 2/205; enfal 8/47; nahl 16/92).

xalifa abu baqarma kargad icoda Suamavlis mier dadgenili omis kanonebi, amitom salaSqrod mimaval jars ase daubara: „ar SeexoT religiur pirebs. ar daxocoT qalebi, bavSvebi da moxucebi. ar moWraT xeebi, romlebic nayofs iZleva. ar gaanadguroT is adgilebi, romlebic dagmorCildaT. cxvrebi da aqlemebi mxolod sakvebis mizniT dakaliT. ar dawvaT futkrebi. nadavlis gayofisas Ralatisgan Tavi Sors daiWireT“. (ix. muvatta, jihad 4).

am yvelafris miuxedavad, dRes, mTeli islamuri samyaro usamarTlo brZolebSia gaxveuli. islamur saxelmwifoebSi arsebuli konfliqtebis mizezebi, samwuxarod, gare faqtorebTan erTad Sida faqtorebis bralicaa. Cveni sarwmunoeba mudmivad zomierebisken mogviwodebs. amis miuxedavad Cveni dRevandeli mdgomareoba savalaloa. (ix. bayara 2/143). Suamavali xom samyaros wyalobadaa movlenili. (ix. enibia 21/107) muslimi samarTliani brZolis drosac ki zneobrivad moqmedebs da Semwynareblobas iCens. muslimebma unda Seqmnan garemo, sadac rogorc Tanamorwmune ZmebTa, ise aramuslim mezoblebTan mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas SeZleben.

da bolos...

Zaladobasa da terorizms ar gaaCnia arc sarwmunoeba da arc erovneba. islami krZalavs Zaladobis yvela gamovlinebas, miuxedavad Tavisi Sinarsisa da gamoyenebis formebisa. Zaladobis kvaldakval, aucileblad xdeba usamarTloba. rodesac muslims aqvs mizani, rom samyaro ukeTesobisaken Secvalos, man Zaladobis msgavsi grZnobebi saerTod unda amoirecxos gulidan. Sesabamisad, pasuximgeblobis matarebeli muslimi zomierad unda moiqces yvelas mimarT; mezobei iqneba, megobari, kolega, nacnobi Tu ucnobi.

kacobriobis istoriaSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZola ioli ar yofila. yvela Suamavali, romlebic adamianebs mSvidobisa da urTierTsiyvarulisken mouwodebda, did winaaRmdegobas awydebodnen. mSvidobisa da siyvarulis damkvidreba ki maTi saerTo mizani iyo. gamomdinare aqedan, yvela muslimis movaleobaa uaxloes garemodan dawyebuli, yvelgan sikeTisa da TanagrZnobis magaliTad iqces.

muslimi sikeTis keTebiT,
siyvarulisa da TanagrZnobis gavrcelebiT borotebasa da
Zaladobas daamarcxebs

saiqioSi, samoTxeSi, sadac mudmivi mSvidoba da bednierebaa, is adamianebi daimkvidreben adgils, romlebic amqveynad cxovrebisas mSvidobisa da siyvarulisaTvis iRwvodnen. yvela sikeTis wyaro RmerTia, amitom Tu sikeTe, siyvaruli, mSvidoba da yovelive kargi gvsurs, upirveles yovlisa mas unda mivekedloT da mis mier dadgenili cxovrebis wesis Sesabamisad vicxovroT.

Suamavalma meqas gaTavisuflebisas yvela im adamians apatia, vinc wlebis win yvelanairi Rone ixmara, rom Suamavali da misi mimdevrebi SeeviwroebinaT. Cvenc igive meTodiT da midgomebiT unda vicxovroT. namdvili amaRleba isaa, rom Zlieri xar da miuteveb. namdvili warmateba isaa, roca Zlieri xar da ar Zaladob. namdvili sikeTe isaa, cudis Camdens rom sikeTiT gadauxdi. mxolod ase SeiZleba yovelgvari Zaladobis damarcxeba.