doc. dr. ulfeT gorgulu

Rirseba da umankoeba

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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 05.02.2020/33

ISBN: 978-605-7751-81-2
2020-06-Y-0003-1766
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2020

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“Suamavali masTan misul adamianTagan imedgacruebuls aravis gzavnida. is Zalain guluxvi, Zalian gamgebiani da Zalian yuradRebiani iyo. muslimebma es icodnen da nebismieri gasaWiris dros, materialuri iqmeboda Tu sulieri, SuamavalTan misvlas ar eridebodnen. erT dRes medinadan ramodenime adamiani mivida da Suamavlisgan fuladi daxmareba iTxova. Suamavali mdidari ar iyo. is sakmaod mokrZalebulad cxovrobda da rac xelT hqonda gascemda. bunebrivia es mosulebic ukan ar gaubrunebia. maTac daexmara. is uangarod exmareboda.

Suamavals qoneba TiTqmis aRar hqonda. rac gaaCnda ase Semoelia. amis miuxedavad daxmarebis msurvelebi ar ileodnen. saCiqrebis maragi amoiwura, magram mTxovneli bevri iyo. maSin Suamavalma adamianebs auxsna, Tu raoden mniSvnelovani iyo moTmineba da Rirseuli TavdaWera.

„ra qonebac gamaCnia arafris gadadebas da Tqvengan damalvas ar vapireb. es icodeT, rom vinc Rirseulad cxovrebas isurvebs, RmerTi mas Rirseulad cxovrebaSi daexmareba. vinc moTminebas Seecdeba, RmerTi mas moTminebas uwyalobebs. moTminebaa yvelaze sasargeblo da didi wyaloba, rac RmerTs TqvenTvis moucia.“ (buhari, riqaq 20)

RmerTma samyaro erTi brZanebiT gaaCina. man brZana „qun“ anu „iyav“ da isic iqmna. man aseve gaaCina adamiani, raTa Tavisi arseboba scodnoda da aseve misi erTaderToba daedasturebina. RmerTma adamians dedamiwa „iatakad“, xolo ca, „Werad“ gauCina. yvelaferi, rac casa da dedamiwas Sorisaa adamian wyalobad arguna. RmerTma adamians materialuri moTxovnilebebis garda sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis Suamavlebi da wminda wignebi mouvlina. aseve misca da acodina Tavisi uflebebi, movaleobebi da pasuximgebloba. RmerTma adamiani gansakuTrebuli RirsebiT Seamko, radgan is gaaCina adamianad, gonier arsebad, romelTanac komunikacia daamyara.

am yvelafrisgan gamomdinare, adamianis valia misi Tandayolili Rirseba rwmeniTa da Sesaferisi qceviT daadasturos, daicvas da ganaviTaros. is unda cilobdes Tavisi statusis Sesabamisad icxovros.

nebismieri erovnebis,
enis, sarwmunoebis da
sqesis warmomadgeneli,
yvela adamiania da is
adamianTa didi ojaxis wevria, amitom mas gaaCnia Rirseba da fasi.

ki magram ase moxda? pirveli adamianis, adamis Semdeg am asakovan dedamiwaze mravali ram moxda, mravali Zaladoba da boroteba iqna Cadenili, ramac adamianis Rirseba da fasi Searyia. dedamiwaze pirvelad sisxli kaenma daRvara. man sakuTari Zma mokla. im dRidan moyolebuli dRemde uTvalavi mkvleloba, usamrTloba, Zaladoba, omebi da msgavsi ubedurebebi axsovs dedamiwas. adamianma Tavisi gaCenis mizans uRalata, daSorda da amqveyniuri miswrafebebis mona gaxda, Sedegad ki sakuTar Tavsa da garemos didi ziani miayena. rogorc ki adamiani materialur survilebs ahyva, maSinve sulieri faseulobebis dakargva daiwyo. adamianma Tavisi xeliT, fexiT, eniT, TvaliT da a.S. borotebas gza gauxsna da sikeTis gzebi ki- gadaketa.

kacobriobam adamianisgan ra aRar gadaitana. arada adamiani adamianis konkurenti ki ara, megobari unda yofiliyo. mas swori cxovrebiT unda ecxovra da saiqioSi pirnaTeli unda warmdgariyo. im dRes zogis saxe Savi iqneba, adamians ki ise unda ecxovra, rom gasxivosnebulebs Soris yofiliyo.

sanam jer kidev vsunTqvaT, gviani ar aris. sakmarisia movimdomoT da adamianur Rirsebas saTanadod gavufrTxildeT. sakmarisia gavigoT Cvenive fasi da sxvebis sazRvrebisa da uflebebis mimarT mgrZnobeloba SevinarCunoT.

ra aris Rirseba da saTnoeba?

Rirseba aris adamianis, rogorc sakuTari Tavisadmi pativiscemaze, aseve sxvebis mxridan misdami pativicemaze damyarebuli adamianuri fasi. adamiani sxva arsebebisgan gansxvavebuli arsebaa da misi es „maRali Tvisebebi“ missave Rirsebas avlens.

„adamiani Rirseuli arsebaa“, vambobT da amiT mis pirovnebas da identobas ganvmartavT. adamianisTvis Rrseba SemdgomSi boZebuli wyaloba ar gaxlavT. mas es Tviseba dabadebidanve arguna RmerTma. adamianma mxolod is unda SeZlos, rom es Rirseba SeinarCunos. amasTanave, adamiani, romelsac sakuTari Tavis mimarT pativiscema ar gaaCnia, is arc sxvas scems pativs. rogorc ki adamiani gaigebs sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari Rirsebis fass, is aucileblad Seecdeba gaufrTxildes mas da Seecdeba SeinarCunos „umankoeba“. anu ar dakargos Rirseba da ar Caidonos RirsebisTvis Seuferebeli saqcieli.

rac Seexeba wesierebas, es aris adamianis Tviseba, romelic cdunebebisa da codvebisgan Tavdacvis Sedegad miiRweva. wesieri adamiani saWmels, sasmels da seqsualur survilebs zomierebas da zneobriv regulaciebs uqvemdebarebs. wesiereba is mdgomareobaa, rodesac adamiani cdunebebs umklavdeba da yvela nabijs sarwmunoebasa da gonierebasTan aTanxmebs. adamiani, rogorc cocxali arseba, sicocxlisaTvis kvebas da sxva fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas moiTxovs. am moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis procesSi gamoCenili zomiereba zneobis erT-erT gamoxatulebaa, romelsac wesiereba ewodeba. wesieri cxovreba erTgvari pativiscemis gamoxatulebaa rogorc gamCenis mimarT, ise sakuTari Tavisa da garemos mimarTac.

adamianis valia misi Tandayolili Rirseba
rwmeniTa da Sesaferisi qceviT daadasturos,
daicvas da ganaviTaros. is unda cilobdes
Tavisi statusis Sesabamisad icxovros.

adamiani dabadebidanve Rirsebis matarebelia

RmerTma adamiani saukeTeso formiT gaaCina. RmerTi brZanebs, rom adamians Caberavs suls misi sulidan.

yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„da roca mivcem saxes da STavberav mas Cemi sulidan, maSinve muxlmoyrilni ganerTxeT miwaze misTvis!(hijr 15/29)

„da roca mivcem saxes da STavberav mas Cemi sulidan, maSinve sejde aRasruleT misTvis!“ (sad 38/72)

„da vficav, Cven aRmatebul vhqmeniT adamis Svilni da miveciT saSualeba emogzauraT zRvasa da xmeleTze. Cven vuwyalobeT maT sikeTeni da upiratesvhyaviT isini sxva mraval Cvens gaCenilebTan SedarebiT!“ (isra 17/70)

„aki, uTxra ufalma Senma angelozebs: xalifa (nacvali) unda davadgino dedamiwaze. angelozebma upasuxes: vinc ukeTurobas dasTess da sisxls daRvris, iseTi qmnileba unda daadgino? roca Cven gamudmebiT gadidebT, Tayvans gcemT da siwmindes vaRiarebT Sensas?! brZana (allahma): vici me, rac ar iciT Tqven!“ (bayara 2/30)

„Tqvi: igia, romelmac Tqven gagaCinaT da giboZaT yurTasmena, TvalTaxedva da Semecnebis unari. raoden mcirea Tqveni madliereba?!“ (mulq 67/23)

„namdvilad, Cven mogivlineT Tqven Suamavali Tqvenive wiaRidan; is Tqven gikiTxavT Cvens aiaTebs, gangwmendT da gaswavliT wignsa da sibrZnes, da gaswavliT imas, rac adre ar icodiT“. (bayara 2/151)

adamianma
Tavisi gaCenis
mizans uRalata,
daSorda da
amqveyniuri
miswrafebebis
mona gaxda,
Sedegad ki
sakuTar Tavsa
da garemos
didi ziani
miayena.

islamis rwmenis mixedviT adamiani, upirveles yovlisa, mxolod imitom imsaxurebs pativiscemas, rom is adamiania. gamomdinare aqedan, adamianis Rrseba jer misi adamianobidan momdinareobs.

yoveli adamiania, miuxedavad erovnebisa, kanis ferisa, aRmsareblobisa, sqesisa da sxva maxasiaTeblebisa, yvela Tanasworia da isini kacobriobis ojaxis wevrebi arian.

arcerT Cvengan erovneba, samSoblo, kanis feri, sqesi da ojaxi ar agvirCevia. Cveni mravalferovneba gamCenis yovladZlierebis dasturia. (ix. rum, 30/22) iseTi sakiTxebiT erTmaneTze upiratseobis mopovebis mcdeloba, romlebic Cveni arCevani ar yofila, RvTiuri nebisa da Suamavlis sunas sapirispiro qmedebaa.

yuranis swavleba adamianis Selaxuli Tavmoyvereobisa da garkveulwilad dakarguli Rirsebis aRdgenas emsaxureba. amasve gvaswavlis Suamavlis cxovrebac. axalgazrdobis wlebSi Suamavali, roca jer kidev Suamavlobis misia ar hqonda dakisrebuli, monawileobda meqas saTaTbiros gadawyvetilebebSi da iqac mudmivad samarTlianobis medroSe iyo. icavda daCagrulebsa da sustebs. Semdeg iyo Suamavloba. mTeli Suamavlobis periodSi ki adamianis uflebebis dacva misi umTavresi prioriteti iyo.

wesieri cxovreba
erTgvari pativiscemis
gamoxatulebaa rogorc
gamCenis mimarT, ise sakuTari Tavisa da garemos mimarTac.

yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom adamianebi erTi winaprisgan modian da isini Tanasworni arian. (ix. nisa 4/1) Suamavalma Tavis gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi brZana, rom adamianebi erTi fesvidan arian gaCenilni da maT Soris upiratesoba mxolod RvTismosaobis xarisxia. „adamianebo, kargad icodeT, rom Tqveni gamCeni erTia. Tqveni winaparic erTia. arabs araarabTan, araarabs arabTan, TeTrkanians SavkanianTan, Savkanians TeTrkanianTan RvTismosaobis garda sxva raime upiratesoba ar gaaCnia“. (ibn hanbel, 5/411)

adamianis Rirseba erovnebaze, religiaze, mimdinareobaze, sqesze, socialur statussa da msgavs faqtorebze ar aris dakavSirebuli. qali, kaci, axalgazrda, moxuci, mdidari, Raribi, ganaTlebuli, gaunaTlebeli, yoveli adamiani adamiaobidan gamomdinare dasafasebelia da pativiscemas imsaxurebs. (ix. muslim, bir, 138) Rirseba adamianis gulSia da ara garegnobaSi. Suamavali brZanebs: „RmerT Tqvens garegnobasa da qonebas ar uyurebs, is mxolod Tqvens gulebsa da namoqmedars uyurebs“. (ix. muslim, bir 34)

islamis mixedviT adamianisadmi pativiscema misi gardacvalebis Semdegac grZeldeba. Suamavali brZanebs: gardacvlilebi ar SeuracxyoT, radgan maT amqveynad nakeTebs miaRwies da wavidnen“. (ix. buhari, jenaiz 97) erTxel micvalebuls moasvenebdnen da Suamavali fexze adga. megobrebma uTxres rom is micvalebuli ebraeli iyo. „gana is adamiani ar aris“- miugo Suamavalma. gamomdinare aqedan adamiani yovelTvis dasafasebelia, cocxalic da mkvdaric.

adamianis Rirseba xelSeuxebelia

adamians Rirseba da pativiscema dabadebidanve aqvs miniWebuli, amitom islamis mixedviT misi sicocxle, aRmsarebloba, goneba, namusi da qoneba yovelgvari xelyofisgan daculia. am Rirebulebebis dacva, CvenTvis, rogorc adamianuri, ise religiuri valdebulebaa. ufro metic, am Rirebulebebis dacvisTvis Tavis gawirva adamians Sahidobad eTvleba. (ix. Tirmizi, diaT21; ebu davud, sunne 29)

yuranis mixedviT adamianis usamarTlod mokvdineba mTeli kacobriobis mokvlad iTvleba. amasTanave, erTi adamianis sicocxlis gadarCenac, mTeli kacobriobis sicocxlis gadarCenas udris. (ix. maide, 5/32) Suamavalma ki Tavis gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi adamianTa es fundamenturi uflebebi xelSeuxeblad gamoacxada. (ix. ibn hanbel, 5, 72)

Cvens sarwmunoebaSi adamianTa damcireba, Suri, ciliswameba, dacinva, metsaxelis Serqmeva da msgavsi Seuferebeli mopyroba akrZalulia. esec dasturia imisa, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania adamianis Rrseba. gansakuTrebiT yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sicocxlis, qonebisa da namusis Sesaxeb (ix. muslim, bir 32) Sesabamisad sxvisi sicocxlis, qonebisa da Rirsebis nebismieri formiT xelyofa kategoriulad akrZalulia.

omi, bunebrivia, sasurveli ar aris, magram gamonaklis SemTxvevebS islami mowinaaRmdegesTan saomar moqmedebebSi Sesvlis nebarTvas iZleva. (ix. Tevbe, 9/12; haj 22/39) Tumca muslimi valdebulia omis warmoebisasac ki omisa da zneobrivi kanonebi daicvas. islamis mixedviT omSi dauSvebelia wameba da araadamianuri mopyroba. (bunebrivia sxva dros miTumetes akrZalulia es). dauSvebelia qalebis, bavSvebis, moxucebis, religiuri pirebisa da mSvidobiani mosaxleobis daxocva. es Tavad Suamavlis brZanebaa. (ix. buhari, jihad 147-148)

omis dros mtris saxlebsa da baRebs ar azianebdnen. Tanamedrove msoflioSi adamianTa uflebebis konvencia dadgenilia da yvelaferi kargad weria, magram es yvelaferi qaRaldzea darCenili. gasul saukuneSi kacobriobam ori msoflio omi gadaitana da Cven yvelam viciT raoden sisastike gamovlinda am orive omSi. dResac siriaSi, eraysa da msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi isev omebi mZvinvarebs. gaxSirda teroristuli aqtebi, mkvlelobebi, wamebis faqtebi, adamianTa uflebebis uxeS darRvevebi, Zaladoba da sxva. afrikaSi arsebuli ukiduresi siRatake ki normalur adamianebSi usazRvro sindisis qenjnas iwvevs. daCagruli da gaubedurebuli adamianebis Rirseba yoveldRiurad ilaxeba. gaero da sxva organizaciebi adamianis Rirsebis Selaxvas, Zaladobas da sisatikes, romelmac TiTqmis mTeli dedamiwa moicva, verafers Svelian.

muslimi valdebulia daicvas aramarto saukuTari Rirseba, aramed sxvebis Rirsebasac unda gaufxTxildes. metarde Tanamorwmune Zmebi valdebulni arian erTmeoris Rrseba daicvan. Suamavali brZanebs:

muslimi valdebulia daicvas
aramarto saukuTari Rirseba,
aramed sxvebis Rirsebasac
unda gaufxTxildes.

„vinc muslims, romelsac pativiscemis dakargvis da Rirsebis Selaxvis safrTxe emuqreba, ar daexmareba, RmerTic im dros miatovebs daxmarebis gareSe, roca mas es Zalian endomeba. xolo vinc muslims, romelsac pativiscemis dakargvis da Rirsebis Selaxvis safrTxe emuqreba, daexmareba, RmerTic im dros ar miatovebs daxmarebis gareSe, roca mas es Zalian endomeba“. (ix. ebu davud, edeb 36)

ojaxis wevrebi, naTesvebi, mezoblebi, megobrebi, didi,, patara, axalgazrda, moxuci, yvela imsauxrebs pativiscemas da maT Rirseba sakuTari Rirsebis msgavsad unda davicvaT. sxvebs ise ar unda moveqceT, rogori moqcevac Cven TviTon ar mogvewoneba. am pasuximgeblobis mimarT mgrZnobelobis SenarCuneba mniSvnelovania da Tu SevZlebT, rom is rigianad SevasruloT Suamavlis sityvebis adresati gavxdebiT: „vinc muslimi Zmis Rirsebisaken mimarTul nebismieri saxis borotebas aaridebs, RmerTic, gankiTxvis dRes jojoxeTis cecxls aaridebs“. (Tirmizi, bir 20)

Suamavali brZanebs, rom morwmune adamianma iseT rTl saqmes ar unda mokidos xeli, romelsac Tavs ver gaarTmevs da Sercxvebao. (ix. Tirmizi, fiTen 67) morwmunem yuradReba unda miaqcios alalsa da arams. amasTanave is unda gaeridos saeWvo viTarebebs. morwmune manerebiT, saubriT, CacmiT, qceviT, mokled yvelafriT unda aCvenebdes, rom is Rirseuli adamiania. amitom is Tavis sityvasa da qcevaSi zomierebas, wesierebas da saTnoebas unda avlendes. patiosneba imis dasturia, rom adamiani Rrseulad cxovrobs.

patiosneba cdunebebze gamklavebaa

“sulsa da Camomyalibebelsa misas!

da misTvis (sulisTvis) ukeTurobisa da morCilebis STamgonebelsa!

ueWvelad, netar iqmna (suli), vinc ganwminda igi!

ueWvelad, warwymedil iqmna (suli), vinc Seecada

misi(naklovanebebis) dafarvas!” (Sems 91/7-10)/ . rogorc aiaTebidan Cans, adamiani zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT wyvilpolusiani arsebaa. mas aqvs unari da ufleba ganasxvavos erTmaneTisgan kargi da cudi, codva da madli, sikeTe da boroteba da aseve ufleba aqvs gaakeTos Tavisufali arCevani. Tu is moaxerxebs da cdunebebs gauZlebs, rogorc aiaTSia mocemuli, is ganiwmindeba. Tu piriqiT gaakeTebs, cdunebebs ver gaumklavdeba da codvebs ar moerideba, is warwymedil iqneba. ganwmendili suli saukeTeso Tvisebaa adamianisTvis.

swori da patiosani cxovreba morwmunis ganuyofeli Tvisebaa. patiosneba jer gulidan iwyeba. rogorc ki morwmune igrZnobs, rom RmerTi mis gulSi ixedeba, is yovelgvari cudi fiqrebisagn gaTavisuflebaze izrunebs da Seecdeba, rom guli sufTad SeinarCunos. gulismieri patiosneba yovelgvari cdunebebisa da survilebis moTokvas gulisxmobs. amis Semdeg adamianis es mdgomareoba sxeulis sxva organoebze gavrceldeba da adamiani aRarc eniT, aRarc xeliT, ar sxva organoebiT codvas aRar Caidens.

patiosneba aramarto individis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovani ramaa. Cveni sarwmunoebis mizani patiosani sazogadoebis Camoyalibebaa, amitom morwmune qalebsa da mamakacebs garkveuli valdebulebebi da pasuximgebloba ekisrebaT. am movaleobebidan erT-erTi mTavari wesierad Cacma da daxurvaa.

sarwmunoebis wesisamebr Cacma yvelas exeba; qali iqneba, kaci, didi Tu patara da es aramarto sakuTari piradi sivrcis dacva, aramed sxvaTa mimarTac pativiscemis gamoCenaa. sarwmunoebis wesisamebr Cacma adamians sulierad aZlierebs da sakuTari Tavis amocnobaSi exmareba.

mokrZaleba patiosnebis Zmaa,
romelic codvebisgan Tavis
dasacavad da Rirseuli cxovrebisTis
yvelaze ukeTesi damxmarea.

sarwmunoebis wesisamebr Cacmulobis wyalobiT adamianebis urTierTobaSi wina planze pirovnuli Tvisebebi dadgeba da ara sqesi. amis Sedegad urTierTbebi ufro jansaRi da gawonasworebuli iqneba. sarwmunoebis wesisamebr Cacma mxolod sxeulis garkveuli nawilebis dafarva ar gaxlavT. mas gacilebiT meti Sinaarsi da datvirT aqvs. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„hei, adamis Svilno! Cven mogivlineT Tqven samosi TqvenTa sarcxvinebelTa dasafarad da Sesalamazeblad, da RvTismoSiSobis samoseli , swored esaa ukeTesi. ai, esaa allahis aiaTebi, egebis gulisxmahyon maT!“ (araf 7/26)

amrigad mxolod wesisamebr Cacma ar aris sakmarisi da saWiroa RvTismoSiSoba, romelic morwmunis yovel sityvasa da qcevaSi unda aisaxebodes.

patiosnebiTa da mokrZalebiT aRWurvili morwmuneebi arams Tvals arideben. RmerTi brZanebs: „uTxari morwmune kacebs, moaridon Tvalni maTni akrZaluls da daicvan namusi maTni. es ufro wmindaa maTTvis. ueWvelad, allahi uwyis, rasac isini sCadian.

da uTxari morwmune qalebs, moaridon Tvalni maTni akrZaluls da daicvan namusi maTni da ar gamoaCinon TavianTi samSvenisebi, garda moCans rac misgan ; dafaron saburveliT gulmkerdi da ar daanaxon TavianTi samSvenisebi aravis, garda qmrisa, mamisa, mamamTilisa, vaJiSvilebisa, qmris vaJiSvilebisa, Zmebisa da ZmaTa da daTa Zmebisa, maTi qalebisa, mxevlebisa, romlebic maTma marjvenam moipova, mamakaci msaxurebisa, romlebsac qalis survili ar gaaCniaT, bavSvebisa, romlebic qalis siSiSvles ver amCneven. da ar gadadgan fexi ise, rom ar gamoaCinon is, rac unda damalon. hei morwmuneno! erTbaSad SesTxoveT allahs moteveba, egeb iqmnaT netarni!“ (nur 24/30-31) Suamavali ki gvafrTxilebda, rom pirveli Sexedva sapatiebelia, magram xelmeored Sexedvis ufleba aRar gvaqvs: „hei, ali! pirvel Sexedvas meore ar daamato, radgan pirveli Sexedva napatiebia, magram Semdegi Sexedvis ufleba aRar gaqvs“. (ix. ebu davud, niqah 42-43)

yuranis adamianis or sisusteze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. esenia: fuli da vnebebi. fulis siyvaruli adamians monad gadaaqcevs da sulierad ukiduresad daasustebs. adamians eSinia ar gaRaribdes da sxvaze damokidebuli ar gaxdes. arada namdvili siRatake ekonomiuri gaWirveba ki ar aris, aramed patiosnebisa da

namdvili siRatake
ekonomiuri gaWirveba ki ar aris, aramed patiosnebisa da
Rirsebis gareSe cxovrebaa.

Rirsebis gareSe cxovrebaa. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„RaribTaTvisaa , romelTac Tavi miuZRvnes allahis gzas da ar SeuZliaT Semoiaron dedamiwa . uvicT mdidarni hgoniaT isini maTi Tavmdablobidan gamomdinare, Sen gamoicnob maT maTive saxeebidan, mowyalebas ar sTxoven xalxs daJinebiT. da ra sikeTesac gaiRebT, ueWvelad, icis is allahma“. (bayara 2/273)

meores mxriv yurani aqebs im morwmuneebs, romlebic vnebebs ar ahyvebian da patiosnebas inarCuneben. maTi daxasiaTebisas yuranS gamoyenebulia termini „umwikvloeba“.

„namusi daicvan maT, romelnic ver axerxeben daqorwinebas, im dromde, sanam allahi ar gaamdidrebs maT Tavisi madliT. da romelTac undaT miiRon wigni „azatobisa“ maTgan, visma marjvenamac moipova isini, mieciT maT is, Tu ipoveT masSi sikeTe da daasaCuqreT isini im qonebidan, romelic allahma Tqven giboZaT. ar daaZaloT Tqvens mona qalebs mruSoba, rom miiRon warmavali keTili, Tuki maT surT umwikvlobis SenarCuneba. da Tu vinme aiZulebs maT amas, allahi iZulebis Semdeg, ueWvelad, maTdami Semndobia, mwyalobelia!“ (nur 24/33)

islami sqesobrivi survilebis legitimuri gzebiT dakmayofilebas normad miiCnevs da aRniSnuli sakiTxis normalurad regulirebisaTvis dadgenili aqvs wesebi, rac individis, ojaxisa da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis simSvidis SenarCunebis sakiTxSi sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania. TavSeukavebeli da nebaze miSvebuli seqsualuri cxovreba mravali sulieri da fizikuri daavadebis mizezi xdeba, amitom namusisa da Rirsebis dacva morwmunis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani valdebulebaa, radgan mas swored aseTi cxovreba Seefereba. yuranSi mruSoba kategoriulad akrZalulia:

„da ar miuaxlovdeT mruSobas! ueWvelad, igi znedacemuloba da cudi gzaa“.“ (isra 17/32)

Suamavali ki gvafrTxilebda, rom Cveni qceviT mruSobisken gza ar unda gagvexsna. (ix. buhari, isTizan 12, qader 9)

Cvens sarwmunoebaSi sqesobrivi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis erTaderTi gza qorwinebaa. qorwineba yvelaze mtkice zRudea, romelic adamianis Rirsebas icavs. qorwinebamde ki aucilebelia TavSekaveba da patiosnebis SenarCuneba. (ix. nur 24/33); isra 17/32) Suamavali qorwinebis mniSvnelobaze da mis rolze Rirsebis dacvis sakiTxSi xSrad saubrobda: „axalgazrdebo, visac qorwinebis saSualeba gaqvT, daqorwindiT, radgan qorwineba saukeTeso gzaa imisaTvis, rom Tvali aramisgan daicvaT da Rirseba SeinarCunoT“. (buhari, niqah 3)

Suamavlis mowodeba qorwinebisaken, ra Tqma unda, erTgvari motivaciaa am nabijis gadasadgmelad. amasTanave saWiroa qorwinebis maqsimaluri gaioleba da qorwinebis msurvelTaTvis socialuri Tanadgoma. Suamavali morwmuneebs mouwodebda qorwineba gaeolebinaT. (ix. ebu davud, niqah 31)

patiosneba Tavisuflebis safuZvelia

adamianisTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba Tavisuflebaa. yvela adamiani Tavisufali ibadeba. adamianis Rirsebis mimarT yvelaze didi Tavdasxma misi damonebaa. rodesac xalifa omarma gaigo, rom egviptis mmarTvelis vaJi Tavis mdgomareobas iyenebda da adamianebs awamebda, mmarTveli ixmo da sastikad gaafrTxila: „dedebisgan Tavisuflad dabadebulebs, rodis mere imonebT?!“

hz. omars adamianebTan urTierToba da zneobrivi principebi piradad Suamavlisgan hqonda naswavli.

SuamavlisaTvis monas da Tavisufal adamians Tanabari adgili hqondaT. im droisaTvis mTel msoflioSi monoba farTod iyo gavrcelebuli. Suamavali mudmivad cdilobda rac SeiZleba meti adamiani exsna monobisgan. is sxvebsac mouwodebda amis gakeTebas da sazogadoebis am fenasTan gansakuTrebiT Tbili damokidebuleba hqonda. aseTi damokidebulebis Sedegad Cven viciT, rom iseTma didma pirovnebebma, rogorebic iyvnen zeid bin harise, bilali habeSi, ammar bin iasiri da sxvebi, daRwies Tavi monobas da Tavisufali adamianis Rirseuli cxovrebiT icxovres.

Tavisuflad dabadebuli adamianis nebismieri formiT damoneba sastikad miuRebelia. amasTanave, adamianis mier sakuTari survilebisadmi morCileba da am gziT sakuTari Tavis monoba, adamianis Rirsebas ar Seefareba.

adamianisTvis yvelaze didi Rirsebaa iyos RvTismsaxuri. RvTismosaobis gziT miRweuli Tavisufleba niSnavs, rom adamiani Tavis Rirsebasa da patiosnebas icavs.

cdunebis
siWarbes vinc
moTkavs da
arCevans sikeTisa
da saTnoebisken
gaakeTebs,
is gadarCeba.
vinc cdunebebs
ahyveba da
am gziT
Rirsebas
Seilaxavs,
daiRupeba.

yvelaze saxifaTo monoba sakuTari survilebis morCilebaa. amqveyniur survilebs bolo ar uCans. isini amouwuravia. survilebis monas yoveldRe axal-axali miswrafeba wamouberavs da xan aqeT miaxeTqebs, xan- iqeT. amgvari monobisgan Tavis daRweva mxolod patiosnebiTaa SesaZlebeli. patiosani adamiani cdunebebs ar misdevs, amqveyniur survilebsa da miswrafebebs Tokavs da simSvideSi cxovrobs.

yoveli zneobrivi Rrebuleba, romelsac islami gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs, pirdapir kavSirSia adamianis RirsebasTan. rac Seexeba patiosnebas, is adamians mxolod Tavisuflebis mopovebaSi ar exmareba. is ganapirobebs damatebiT Tvisebebs, romlebic adamians saukeTeso formiT warmoaCens. esenia: zrdiloba, mokrZaleba, moTmineba, Tanadgoma, TanagrZnobis unari, miteveba, Rimili, tkbili sityva da sxva. amdenad SegviZia vTqvaT, rom patiosneba adamians yvela lamazi TvisebiT amkobs.

sircxvilis SegrZneba uZvelesia, radgan is adamisa da evas mier akrZaluli xilis mirTmevas ukavSirdeba. (ix. taha 20/121) Suamavalic sircxvilis grZnobis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebda: „Tu ar Segrcxveba, gaakeTe, rac gsurs“. (buhari, edeb 78)

sircxvilis grZnoba uxilavia, magram is adamians icavs. yvela sarwmunoebas TavisTvis damaxasiaTebeli moraluri xazi gaaCnia. Suamavali sircxvilis grZnobas Zalian mniSvnelovnad miiCnevda da ambobda, rom is rwmenidan momdinareobda. (ix. ibn maje, zuhd 17) sircxvilis grZnoba patiosnebis Zmaa da isini adamians Rirseulad cxovrebaSi exmarebian.

morwmune sircxvilis grZnobiTa da patiosnebiT yvela saxis cdunebas umklavdeba da guls, Tvals, xels, enas, smenas aramisgan icavs. amis magaliTi moTxrobilia yuranSi, roca hz. iusufi cdunebis winaSe dadga, magram RvTis SiSiT cdunebebs gaumklavda da Tavi safrTxeSic Caigdo:

„qalma isurva misgan, romlis saxlSic cxovrobda igi, vnebis aRsruleba. man Caraza karebi da uTxra: „modi CemTan!“ uTxra: „allahma damifaros! ueWvelad, igi Cemi batonia. man kargad momepyro . ueWvelad, codvilni ver gadarCebian!“

da vficav, rom qalma isurva masTan Tanacxovreba, da rom ar daenaxa Tavisi RmerTis aSkara niSani, isic isurvebda masTan Tanacxovrebas. ai, ase avacileT mas siave da garyvnileba. ueWvelad, igi Cveni gulwrfeli msaxurTagani iyo.

gaiqcnen orive karisken. da Camoaxia qalma mas perangi uknidan. da karTan gadaawydnen qalis patrons. qalma uTxra: ra sasjels imsaxurebs is, vinc Seni ojaxisTvis siave moindoma, Tu ara dilegSi Cagdebas, an mware sasjelso.

uTxra : „TviTon isurva CemTan Tanacxovreba!“ qalis ojaxidan erT-erTma aseTi gamosavali SesTavaza: „Tu misi perangi winidanaa Camoxeuli, igi marTals ambobs da igi cruTagania.

da Tu misi perangi uknidanaa Camoxeuli, igi cruobs, da igi marTalTagania.“

xolo roca dainaxa misi perangi uknidan iyo Camoxeuli, uTxra : ueWvelad, es Tqveni xrikebia. Tqveni mzakvroba, ueWvelad, didia.

hei , iusuf! aravis mouyve es ! Sen ki patieba iTxove, ueWvelad, Sen codvilTagani xar!“

da qalaqSi qalebi alaparakdnen: „Rezizis colma Tavis msaxurTan Tanacxovreba moiwadinao, misTvis guli dauwvavs siyvarulso. ueWvelad, Cven vxedavT mas, aSkara gzaabnevaSia.“

xolo roca qalma gaigo maTi Woriknoba, mosawvevi gaugzavna maT, mouwyo maT muTaqa-savarZlebi, da TiToeuls dana misca. mere qalma uTxra : gadi maTTan! qalebma rom dainaxes igi, aRfrTovandnen da xelebi daiseres . da Tqves: dideba allahs! es adamiani ar aris, es Tu iqneba Rirseuli angelozio!

uTxra : ai is, vis gamoc mkicxavdiT me . vficav, rom masTan Tanacxovreba visurve. maSin uaryo, magram Tu imas ar gaakeTebs, rac vubrZane, uTuod, dilegSi Caagdeben da uTuod, damcirebulTa Soris aRmoCndeba!

Seevedra : „RmerTo Cemo! dilegi CemTvis ufro ukeTesia imaze, riskenac mixmoben, dilegSi yofna mirCevnia imis gakeTebas, rasac maiZuleben, da Tu maT mzakvrobas ar amacileb, SeiZleba gadavixaro maTken da ugunurTa Soris aRmovCnde!“

maSin Seismina RmerTma misma vedreba misi, amgvarad aacila mas mzakvroba maTi. ueWvelad, igi yovlismsmenia, yovlismcodnea!

mere, aSkara sabuTebis xilvis Semdegac , maT mainc saWirod CaTvales garkveuli vadiT dilegSi CaesvaT“ (iusuf 12/23-35)

amrigad, cdunebebs ayolili adamiani sasaxleSic ki tyvea, magram patiosani adamiani sapyrobileSic ki Tavisufalia.

patiosnebis kidev erTi ambavi, romelic yuranSia warmodgenili, hz. meriems exeba. hz. meriemis deda didi xani eloda Svilis gaCenas da bolos, roca gaigo, rom Svili eyoleboda, man gadawyvita dabadebisTanave daZarSi miebarebina. (ix. ali imran 3/35) rom iyo RvTis WeSmariti mona, sxva yvelafris monobisgan unda gaTavisuflde. es aris mTeli suliTa da guliT RmerTze mindoba.

hz. meriemi taZarSi izrdeboda da mxolod RvTis msaxuri iyo, rac namdvil Tavisuflebasa da patiosan cxovrebas niSnavda. Semdeg is gaxda mowme didi saswaulisa, roca angelozi gamoecxada da mamis gareSe Svilis mosalodneli dabadeba amcno. is RmerTs miendo, roca xalxma cili daswama da yovelmxriv Tavs esxmodnen. (ix. ali imran 3/35-46; meriem 19/16/33) meriemi, RvTis brZanebisamebr dumilis marxvas icavda da cilismwameblebs ar pasuxobda. RmerTma is nayofiT gaasxivosna.

Rirsebisa da patiosnebis Semlaxveli qcevebi

adamiani zogjer iseT araswor daskvnebs gaakeTebs, iseT cud raRacaebs Caidens, rom adamianur Rirsebas fexqveS gaTelavs. amaTgan ramodnimeze visaubrebT da vfiqrobT, rom es sasargeblo iqneba.

a. rasizmi da seqtantoba

erovnebis, kanis ferisa da religiuri mimdinareobis mixedviT adamianTa dayofa miuRebelia. aiaTSi nabrZanebia:

„hei, adamianno! ueWvelad, erTi mamridan da erTi mdedridan gagaCineT Tqven da rom SeicnoT erTmaneTi, dagadgineT erebad da tomebad. ueWvelad, Tqvengan yvelaze pativdebuli allahis winaSe TqvenSi yvelaze ufro RvTismoSiSia. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea, yvelafrismcodnea!“ (hujuraT 49/13)

aiaTis mixedviT miTiTebulia, rom pativdebuli isaa, vinc ufro RvTismoSiSia da gamorCeulobas erovneba da sxva faqtorebi ar gansazRvravs.

„misi saswaulebidanaa isic, rom Tqvenganve gaaCina Tqveni mewyvile, raTa ipovoT masSi simSvide, dagidginaT erTmaneTSi siyvaruli da mowyaleba. ueWvelad, amaSi saswaulebia moazrovne xalxTaTvis!“ (rum 30/21)

aravis aqvs ufleba
Seaviwrovos sxva
adamiani imis gamo,
rom masaviT ar swams,
masaviT ar fiqrobs
da masaviT ar cxovrobs.

es yvelaferi mravalferovneba da sazogadoebrivi simdidrea.

adamiani mSoblebs, gvars da erovnebas ver airCevs. Savkanianoba, TeTrkanianoba an yviTelkanianoba arCeviTi ar aris. RmerTis nebaa aseTi, rom yvela iseTi Cndeba, rogoric aris. aseTi rameebiT upiratesobis mcdeloba, rac arCeviTi ar aris, realobis aRqmisgan Sorsaa, miuRebeli da Rirsebis Semlaxvelia.

bunebrivia yvela adamians uyvars Tavisi dabadebis adgilebi, ojaxi da samSoblo. es normaluri da misasalmebelia. problema isaa, roca adamianebs erovnebis mixedviT gansjian da damcirebs cdiloben. erovnebis upiratesobad warmoCena da sxvebis mimarT diskriminaciuli damokidebuleba miuRebelia.

Suamavali brZanebs: „RmerTma umecrebis xanis ampartavneba da winaprebis gandidebis wesi akrZala. (adamianebs Soris) gansxvaveba mxolod RvTismoSiSobiTa da codvilobiT xdeba. adamianebi adamis STamomavlebi varT, adami ki miwisganaa gaCenili“. (Tirmizi, menaqib 74) hadisiT cxadi xdeba, rom warmomavlobiT trabaxi da am mxriv gamorCeulobis mtkiceba miuRebelia. aseve adamianebis mxridan romelime religiuri mimdinareobis arCeva bunebrivia, magram aqedan dapirispirebisa da mtrobis dawyeba da Zaladoba kategoriulad miuRebelia. dedamiwa imdenad didia, rom yvela erisa da rwmenis xalxi icxovrebs. aravis aqvs ufleba Seaviwrovos is adamianebi, romlebsac sxva aRmsarebloba, erovneba an kanis feri aqvT, an masaviT ar fiqroben da ar cxovroben.

b. Cagvra da Zaladoba

Cagvra yvelaze didi uRirsobaa. adamianTa uflebebis darRveva, sakuTrebis xelyofa, Zaladobis gziT adamianebis Cagvra kategoriulad akrZalulia.

Cvens
sarwmunoebaSi
adamianTa
damcireba,
Suri,
ciliswameba,
dacinva,
metsaxelis
Serqmeva da
msgavsi
Seuferebeli
mopyroba
akrZalulia.

Suamavali gvaswavlis, rom RmerTma usamarTloba akrZala. (ix. muslim, bir 55) yuranSi ki nabrZanebia: „ueWvelad, usamarTloni ver iqnebian netarni!“ (kasas 28/37) da romelTac uaryves, uTxres TavianT SuamavalT: „Tqven, uTuod, gagaZevebT Cveni miwidan an, uTuod, Cvens rwmenas unda daubrundeT.“ maSin STaagona maT TavianTma RmerTma: „Cven usaTuod aRvgviT usamarTlo codvilT! (ibrahim 14/13) amrigad usamarTlobis sasjeli sastikia.

ra mizeziTac ar unda iyos, nebismieri adamianis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba, wameba, damcireba imdenad miuRebelia, rom kacobriobis danaSauladaa miCneuli. Suamavali yuranis saukeTeso ganmmartebeli iyo da misi cxovreba yuraniseuli codnis praqtikas warmoadgenda.Cven yvelam viciT, rom Suamavals arasdros, aravis mimarT Zaladoba ar ganuxorcielebia. is brZanebda, rom gankiTxvis dRes yvelaze mZimed isini daisjebian, vinc adamianebs awamebdao. (ix. ibn hanbel, 4/90) Suamavali aseve brZanebda, rom mCagvrelebi RvTis sasjels aucileblad igemeben (ix. muslim, bir 117)

Suamavali gansakuTrebiT ojaxur Zaladobas krZalavda. is gvaswavlis, rom ojaxis wevrebma erTmaneTs damamcireblad ar unda mimarTon da ar unda moiqcen ise, rom ojaxSi harmoniasa da urTierTpativiscemas raime Crdili miadges. is qalebze moZaladeebs mkacrad afrTxilebda. (ix. muslim, jenneT 49) im qmrebs, romlebic colebs scemdnen kategoriulad afrTxilebda. Suamavali aseve krZalavda bavSvebze Zaladobas. (vinc patarebs ar Seiwynarebs da ufrosebs pativs ar scems, Cveniani ar aris“. (ix. Trmizi, bir 15)

g. tyuili da ciliswameba

simarTle, patiosneba da sandooba islamis zneobis safuZvels warmoadgens. adamiani, romelic tyuils laparakobs da micemul sityvas ar asrulebs codvas sCadis da amasTanaveis Ralatobs sakuTar Rirsebas da meore mxaresac Seuracxyofas ayenebs. morwmunis zneobaSi tyuilis adgili ar aris. yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„mxolod sicrues Txzaven isini, romelTac ar swamT aiaTebis. da swored egeni arian cruni!“ (nahl 16/105)

ciliswameba ki sul mcire tyuilis doneze saxifaTo da amdenadve codvaa. morwmune adamiani valdebulia daicvas sxvisi Rirseba da patiosneba, iseve rogorc sakuTars daicavs. patiosani adamianebis mimarT ciliswameba didi codvaa. es yuraniTaa ganmtkicebuli:

„ueWvelad, romelnic cils daswameben patiosan morwmune qalebs, romlebsac Secodeba arc ki gauvliaT gulSi, dawyevlil iqnebian amqveyniur da imqveyniur cxovrebaSi da maTTvisaa udidesi sasjeli!

im dRes maTi ena, xelebi da fexebi maT winaaRmdeg daamowmeben imas, rasac isini sCadiodnen!“ (nur 24/23-24)

Suamavali brZanebda,r om muslimis Rirsebisa da namusis ciliswamebiT Seuracxyofa didi codvaa. (ix. ebu davud, edeb 35) amrigad Suamavali gvafrTxilebs, Tu raoden didi codvaa ciliswameba. „talaxi esrole, kvali mianc darCeba“, am principiT moqmedi adamianebi mraval ciliswamebas avrceleben da maT unda icodnen, rom Zalian did codvaSi vardebian. aseTi danaSauli SeiZleba amqveynad ar gamJRavndes, magram imqveynad aseTi didi codvis ga aucileblad daisjebian.

d. eWvi da Wori

adamianis Rirsebisa da patiosnebis Semlaxveli kidev erTi damokidebuleba eWvianoba da Woria. warmoidgineT, roca ar iciT simarTle da iqmniT winaswar uaryofiT azrs, fiqrobT cuds, varaudobT, rom konkretuli adamiani raRac cudis Camdenia, es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda adamianis Rirsebis Selaxvaa da is angrevs urTierTbebs.

rodesac adamiani darwmunebuli ar aris da varauds an eWvs ayolili imoqmedebs, is aucileblad damarcxdeba.

yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan Tqvengan zogma sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia“. (hujuraT 49/12)

Suamavalic brZanebda, rom eWvi da varaudi didi tyuilia. (ix. muslim, bir, 28)

rodesac adamiani darwmunebuli ar aris da varauds an eWvs ayolili imoqmedebs, is aucileblad damarcxdeba. roca vinmeze eWviT an varaudiT visaubrebT da mis Rirsebas SevlaxavT, saWiroa patiebis Txovna. Tu Cveni varaudi gavrcelda da xalxSi Worad gavrcelda, amiT saqme ufro garTuldeba.

yuranSi aseve nabrZanebia:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! dae, erTma xalxma ar dascinos meore xalxs, iqneb isini ukeTesni arian maTze. da arc qalebma sxva qalebs, egeb isini ukeTesni arian maTze. da ar moscxoT Cirqi erTmaneTs da ar mouxmoT erTmaneTs Seuracxmyofeli metsaxelebiT. rwmenis miRebis Semdgom raoden cudia Tvisebaa sisaZagele. xolo vinc ar moinaniebs, swored, rom egeni arian usamarTloni“. (hujuraT 49/11)

Suamavalic gvafrTxilebs, rom sxvebis sasacilod agdeba da cudi metsaxelebis Serqmeva didi Secdomaa. aseve miuRebelia sxvisi parodiis gakeTeba, romelic pirovnebas amcirebs. (ix. Tirmizi, sifaTl yiame. 51)

da bolos, TviTkritika

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom adamianis Sinagani buneba yovelTvis motivirebulia, rom Tavi imarTlos da sxvebi daadanaSaulos. amitomaa naTqvami, sxvis TvalSi bewvs xedaven da sakuTarSi diresac ver amCneveno. am gamonaTqvamis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom adamianma jer sakuTar gulSi unda Caixedos da TviTkritikas mimarTos da mere gaixedos sxvebisken.

amrigad, adamiani ar unda moeridos Semdegi SekiTxvebis dasmas:

RmerTma adamiani gaaCina da amavdroulad Rirseba uwyaloba. neta, amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saTanadod vafasebT adamians?

Rirsebasa da patiosnebaze rocaa saubari, im dros aqvs Tu ara mniSvneloba CvenTvis konkretuli pirovneba vin aris, axlo naTesavia, mSobelia, Zmaa, daa, nacnobia Tu viRac ucxoa da moqmedebs Tu ara es Cvens damokidebulebaze?

rac ar gvsurs, rom gagvikeTon, an Cvens Sesaxeb Tqvan, igives sxvas vukeTebT an sxvis Sesaxeb vambobT? ramdenad vaqcevT yuradRebas, rom es ase ar moxdes?

muslimi xom is adamiania, romelis enisa da xelisgan adamianebs safrTxe ar emuqrebaT. morwmune adamiani sxvis sicocxlesa da qonebas ufrTxildeba (ix. nesai, iman, 8)

rodesac erTis mxriv am tipis SekiTxvebze vfiqrobT da sindisis sacerSi vatarebT, meores mxriv unda davfiqreT, xom aravinaa iseTi, visac vawyenineT, Rirseba SevulaxeT, davcineT da a.S. amis Semdeg saWiroa im adamianTan misvla da patiebis Txovna, raTa amis gakeTeba saiqioSi, gankiTxvis dRes ar mogviwios.

qonebisa da Rirsebis sakiTxSi arsebuli gaugebrobebis dros, morwmune Zma vadebulia gamoasworos danaSauli. winaaRmdeg SemTxevaSi gankiTxvis dRes, imas usamarTlod vinc moiqca madls waarTmeven da uflebis patrons daubruneben. Tu sakmarisi madli ar gaaCnia, maSin usamarTlobis msxverpls codvebs waarTmeven da mas miaweren. (ix. Tirmizi, sifaTl yiame. 2)